Interference to Full Power Stations from LPFM. Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Jeremy Ruck & Associates, Inc. Canton, Illinois
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1 to Full Power Stations from LPFM Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Jeremy Ruck & Associates, Inc. Canton, Illinois
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8 to Full Power Stations from LPFM Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Jeremy Ruck & Associates, Inc. Canton, Illinois
9 Brief LPFM History Roots in old Class D FM facilities. First class D license issued First licensed at 10 Watts in reserved band. Up to 100 Watts subsequently allowed. Strictly non-commercial AND educational.
10 Brief LPFM History LBJ signs Public Broadcasting Act of Fundamentally changes NCE concept. NPR is born three years later. Conflict arises between NPR and Class D. What IS the definition of NCE station? 1972 CPB seeks to standardize NCE Stations.
11 Brief LPFM History 1978 FCC agrees and phases out Class D. Translators proliferate in 1980s and 1990s WTRA goes on air in Springfield, IL Free Radio Berkley founded Telecommunications Act. Significant consolidation ensued.
12 Brief LPFM History Microradio takes to air LPFM Proposals Filed FCC Issues MM Originally called for 10, 100, and 1000 Watts. Deleted 2 nd and 3 rd adjacent protections. Intense lobbying takes place.
13 Brief LPFM History 2000 LPFM Service is created First LPFM filing window Local Community Radio Act Second LPFM filing window Proposal for LP-250 class.
14 Simplest definition is undesired signal exceeds a defined ratio to desired signal. Independent of actual signal level. City grade signal can receive interference just like a distant signal. Defined for +/- 3 and +/- 53 and 54 channels.
15 Two primary methods for considering. Simple contour overlap. Actual U/D study. Contour overlap uses FCC Contours. D/U study can take different flavors.
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24 Proximal U/D analysis using free-space. Establish desired field strength. Ratio plus desired is interfering. Result is 3-dimensional interference region. Shape/place region with vertical pattern.
25 S = E Z 2 0 S is calculated power density. E is electric field intensity. Z 0 is Free-space impedance. Electric field intensity based on target field strength. Free space impedance 120π or approximately 377 ohms.
26 S = P 4 R π 2 S is calculated power density. P is isotropic power in Watts. R is distance in meters. Multiply power by 1.64 or add 2.15 db to convert from isotropic. Combine both equations and rearrange to solve for R.
27 R 2 = R = 7 P E 4π Z P E 2 0 Antenna pattern varies P. Depression angle varies R. Use trigonometry to solve. Distance can be approximated. R in meters. P in Watts. E in Volts per meter.
28 Depression Angle Depression Angle Relative Field Relative Field FS Radius AGL (m) FS Radius AGL (m) Depression Angle Depression Angle
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36 Terrain dependent models best estimation. Signal levels evaluated at each cell. Contours fall apart in unusual terrain. Longley-Rice probably most widely used.
37 Technical Criteria LP-10 class eliminated. LP-100 remains. Maximum 100 Watts at 30 meters HAAT. 60 dbu contour distance 5.6 kilometers. Minimum 50 Watts at 30 meters HAAT. Contour distance 4.7 kilometers. Absolute minimum ERP is 1 Watt. Absolute maximum HAAT is 450 meters.
38 Provides minimum spacings. Provides minimum spacing for no received interference interference. Standard ratio basis. Spacing table buffer.
39 Examine co-channel situation for Class A. Required spacing 67 km. Class A protected contour 60 dbu F(50,50). LPFM interfering contour 40 dbu F(50,10). Distance 52.1 km. Spacing Buffer 15 km km km = 52 km
40 Examine 1 st adjacent situation for Class C3. Required spacing 67 km. Class C3 protected contour 60 dbu F(50,50). LPFM interfering contour 54 dbu F(50,10). Distance 49.2 km. Spacing Buffer 18 km km km = 49 km
41 Examine 2nd adjacent situation for Class A. Required spacing 29 km. Class A protected contour 60 dbu F(50,50). LPFM interfering contour 54 dbu F(50,10). Distance 29.4 km. NO BUFFER km km = 29 km
42 Translators get the short end of the stick. Assume 13.3 km radius. 40 dbu F(50,10) LPFM Radius 23.8 km 13.3 km km = 37.1 km 2 km buffer! Assume 13.2 km radius km km = 37 km
43 Translators have to use contours. Interference not a two-way street with LPFM. If you are a translator licensee beware of LPFM encroachment. It can limit your options!
44 Full Power Protections 70 dbu / 3.16 mv/m service contour. Community of License predictions within community of license where field strength > 1 mv/m. I.F. protections 91 dbu.
45 3 rd Adjacent Protections They still remain. Cover stations and translator/booster input. 3 minute suspension if FCC notified. Specific section on translator input. LPFM protect SCA reading services.
46 Translator Inputs Applies when LPFM is 3 rd adjacent to input. No LPFM within 2 km of translator. No LPFM within 10 km if located +/- 30. Section governs.
47 Translator Inputs U/D ratio less than 34 db at receive antenna. Complies with distance equation. d u ( = 133.5*10 P LPFM + Gru + G 20 rd E d ) No LPFM within 10 km if located +/- 30.
48 Thank You! Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Jeremy Ruck & Associates, Inc. Canton, Illinois
Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Canton, Illinois
Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Canton, Illinois jeremy@jeremyruck.com Jeremy D. Ruck, PE Canton, Illinois jeremy@jeremyruck.com Definition of Services. History of Services. Technical Stuff. Pitfalls. Jeremy
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