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1 24 6 Vol. 24 No. 6 Cont rol an d Decision J un : (2009) ,, ( a., b., ) :,,, ;., : ; ; ; : TP29 : A Survey on mobile under water wireless sensor net works L V Chao, W A N G S huo, TA N M i n (a. Institute of Automation, b. Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligence Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China. Correspondent : L V Chao, E2mail : chao. ac. cn) Abstract : Mobile underwater wireless sensor networks ( MUWSN ) combines the research of underwater sensor networks with underwater robotics, which solves many problems existed in stable underwater sensor networks. The research contents and directions of MUWSN are presented with a down2to2up architeture, including underwater sensor nodes design, the connectivity of nodes, the dynamic configuration of networks and point2line2cover architecture. The influence of nodes mobility to underwater sensor networks and the matched sloutions are analysed emphatically. Though there are many challenges for the research of MUWSN, the excellent applications are anticipated. Key words : Mobile underwater wireless sensor networks ; Underwater acoustic communication ; Underwater robot s ; Self2organization networks 1 ( MU WSN) [1,2 ]., [ 3 ] : 1)., ;,. 2).,,,,,. 3). :,. 4).,,.,,,, ; : ; : : ( , ). : (1980 ),,,,; (1962 ),,,,

2 802 24,. [1 ] OSI ( ),, [ 2 ], MU WSN,, [ 4 ],. [5 ] [6 ] [ 7 ] [8,9 ],,.,,,, 1. ; AUV ( ),, 1,,. John Heidemann [10,11 ] MICA2 ;, ;, [11 ].,. [ 12 ] S2 2 MAC( ) MU WSN MAC ( ),. 2. 1, T2Lohi 1993 [13 ], ( AOSN). [ 14,15 ],,,,.,,.., [2 ], AUV., 1994 MIT, [16,17 ]. AUV. 2. 2,

3 6 : 803,MFS K, Q PS K, [3,18 ],,. 715,.., [19,20 ]. [21,22 ]. 2,.,. 2, D GPS,, 2004, AUV.,, 3, : 1),. [20 ]. 2).,, 3).,. 4),.,. 5).,, 6) 7),. 8), MU WSN, MU WSN,., MU WSN,, 3. 1). 2).,. 3).,,

4 : ( ) ,,, 1. 1 [2 ] / km / k Hz < < 0. 1 > ,,,. :, ;, ( )., , [22 ].,, MU WSN, : 1)., 100 ; [426 ]. 2)., ;. 3)., ; ,. MU WSN MU WSN, : 1).,,, 2) 3). MU WSN,, 3. 2 :.

5 6 : , MAC. MAC [1 ]., MAC. S2MAC / ;, ;, ; MU WSN, MAC, MAC. : 1),, 5,. 2) ( R TS/ CTS), :, R TS/ CTS,, ;, R TS/ CTS, ;,,, 3 : 1) ( FDMA),,, FDMA 2) ( TDMA),,,, TDMA., [23 ], TDMA. 3) ( CDMA)., CDMA,,, TDMA FDMA,CDMA,, :1), ;2) TDMA,., TDMA., TDMA [23, 24 ] TDMA, CSMA TDMA, TDMA , ,.,,,., A RQ ( ) MU WSN. MU WSN,,,, MU WSN,.,,.

6 ,, GPS., GPS GPS, [25 ], TOA ( ), TDOA ( ). MU WSN, : 1),. TDMA TDMA, 2), [4,5 ]. 3), 4),,, MU WSN. 3. 3, : ,,, MU WSN.., MU WSN,,,, MU WSN,, : 1)., 2). MU WSN,, ;,, 3).,, 4).,,,, ,,,,,.,,,,,., ;,,, 3 :

7 6 : 807 1), ; 2),, ; 3),,. 4, : 1)., 3D, [20 ]., ;,. 2).,. 3). 4). AUVs, 5).,,. 5,,,.,,. MU WSN,.,.. ( References) [ 1 ] Ian F Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia. Underwater acoustic sensor network : Research challenges[ J ]. Ad Hoc Networks, 2005, 3 ( 3) : [ 2 ] J un2hong Cui, Jiejun Kong, Mario Gerla, et al. Challenges : Building scalable mobile underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications [ J ]. IEEE Network, Special Issue on Wireless Sensor Networking, 2006, 20 (3) : [3 ]. [ D ]. :, ( Sun G Z, Research on routing protocol of underwater acoustic networks [ D ]. Harbin : Harbin Engineering University, ) [4 ] Lanbo Liu, Shengli Zhou, J un2hong Cui. Prospects and problems of wireless communications for underwater sensor networks [ J ]. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2008, 8 (8) : [5 ] Baosheng Li, Shengli Zhou, Stojanovic M, et al. Multi2 carrier communication over underwater acoustic channels with non2uniform doppler shifts [J ]. IEEE J of Oceanic Engineering, 2008, 33 (2) : [ 6 ] Pen Xie, J un2hong Cui. R2MAC : An energy2efficient MAC Protocol for underwater sensor networks [ C ]. Proc of Int Conf on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Application. Chicago, 2007 : [ 7 ] Zheng Guo, Gioele Colombi, Bing Wang, et al. Adaptive routing in underwater delay/ disruption tolerant sensor networks[ C]. Proc of the 5th IEEE/ IFIP Annual Conf on Wireless on Demand Network Systems and Services. Germany, 2008 : [ 8 ] Vasilescu, Kotay K, Rus D, et al. Data collection, storage, and retrieval with an underwater sensor network[ C ]. Proc of ACM SenSys San Diego, 2005 : [ 9 ] Carrick Detweiller, Iuliu Vasilescu, Daniela Rus. An underwater sensor network with dual communications, sensing, and mobility[ C ]. Proc of ACM SenSys Sydney, 2007 : [10 ] John Heidemann, Wei Ye, Jack Wills, et al. Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking [ C]. Proc of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf. Las Vegas, 2006 : [ 11 ] J ack Wills, Wei Ye, John Heidemann. Low2power acoustic modem for dense underwater sensor networks [ C ]. Proc of the First ACM Int Workshop on Underwater Networks. Los Angeles, 2006 : [ 12 ] Wei Ye. Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks [ J ]. IEEE Trans on Networks, 2004, 12 (3) : [13 ] Affan A Syed, Wei Ye, John Heidemann. T2Lohi : A new class of MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks [ C ]. Proc of 27th IEEE Int Conf on Computer Communications. Anchorage, 2008 : ( 812 )

8 vector machine[j ]. Control and Decision, 2004, 19 (5), ) [9 ],,. 30MnSi [J ]., 2006, 40 (10) : (Chen A L, Yang G K, Wu Z M. Application of a hybrid model in the prediction of the flow stress of 30MnSi steel [ J ]. J of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2006, 40 (10) : ) [10 ],. [J ]., 2006, 21 (1) : ( Yuan X F, Wang Y N. Selection of SVM parameters using chaos optimization algorithms [ J ]. Control and Decision, 2006, 21 (1) : ) [11 ],,. [J ]., 1999, 14 (3) : ( Zhang T, Wang H W, Wang Z C. Mutative scale chaos optimization algorithm and it s application [ J ]. Control and Decision, 1999, 14 (3) : ) [12 ],. [J ]., 2002, 19 (1) : (Li Y D, Li S Y. A new genetic chaos optimization combination method [ J ]. Control Theory and Applications, 2002, 19 (1) : ) [ 13 ] Suykens Johan A K, Gestel Tony Van, Brabanter Jos De. Least squares support vector machines [ M ]. Singapore : World Scientific Publishers, ( 807 ) [14 ] Winston K G Seah, Hwee2Xian Tan, Zheng Liu, et al. Multiple2UUV approach for enhancing connectivity in underwater ad2hoc sensor networks [ C ]. OCEANS 2005 M TS/ IEEE. Washington, 2005 : [ 15 ] Winston K G Seah, Hwee2Xian Tan. Multipath virtual sink architecture for underwater sensor networks [ C ]. OCEANS 2006 Asia Pacific. Singapore, 2006 : 126. [ 16 ] Ayers J. Underwater walking[j ]. Arthropod Structure and Development, 2004, 33 (3) : [17 ] Zhizhong Shen, Shuo Wang, Min Tan, et al. Robotfish2based underwater mobile sensor networks for environmental monitoring[ C]. Proc of the 15th (2005) Int Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf. Seoul, 2005 : [18 ],,. [J ]., 2006, 25 (2) : ( Sun G Z, Sang E F, Wang K Y. The protocol simulation of data link layer of underwater acoustic networks[j ]. J of Acoustic Technology, 2006, 25 (2) : ) [19 ],. [J ]., 2006, 35 (12) : ( Cai H Z, Liu Y T. Research improvement of underwater acoustic communication [ J ]. J of Physics, 2006, 35 (12) : ) [20 ],,. [J ]., 2006, 35 (11) : (Li S Q, Li Q H, Zhang C H. Improvement and applications of underwater acoustic sensor networks [J ]. J of Physics, 2006, 35 (11) : ) [ 21 ] Shuo Wang, Min Tan. Research on architecture for reconfigurable underwater sensor networks[ C]. Proc of IEEE Conf on Networking, Sensing and Control. Arizona, 2005 : [22 ] Chao L u, Shuo Wang, Min Tan. Design and realization of sensor nodes for dense underwater wireless sensor networks[ C]. Proc of the 17th World Congress of the Int Federation of Automatic Control. Seoul, 2008 : [ 23 ] Injong Rhee, Ajit Warrier, Jeongki Min, et al. DRAND : Distributed randomized TDMA scheduling for wireless ad2hoc networks [ C ]. Proc of Mobi Hoc 06. Florence, 2006 : [ 24 ] Ajit Warrier, Mahesh Aia, J eongki Min, et al. Z2 MAC : A hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks [J ]. IEEE/ ACM Trans on Networking, 2008, 16 (3) : [25 ],,,. [ M ]. :, ( Sun L M, Li J Z, Chen Y, et al. Wireless sensor networks[ M ]. Beijing : Publishing House of Tsinghua University, )

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