X band deep space transponder (XDST) specification

Transcription

1 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0379 ISSUE : 02 Page : 1/114 band deep space transponder (DST) specification NR2215 DRL n ENG4 0 Written by Responsibility Telecommunication Architect Verified by Head of Avionic Section System Manager AER Procurement Manager PA Manager Configuration Manager Approved by Program Manager The validations evidence are kept through the documentation management system.

2 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 2/114 CHANGE RECORDS ISSUE DATE CHANGE RECORDS AUTHOR 01 10/06/2010 New release for APR from EO-CM-EQP-AF-0050 Carrier specification 02dr 06/05/11 Draft release for DST Pre-TEB ( all pages ) Main modifications : - deletion of OQPSK need - deletion of PN ranging need 02 13/06/11 Final update following Pre-TEB according MoM EM-OM-MIN-AF-691. Modifications: - table 11-2 added according MA-01 - REQ 0006 and REQ0282 modified according MA-04 - REQ 0009 modified according to MA-05 and ajw 07 and in accordance with input for SGICD - REQ-013 modified according MA-06 - REQ-014 modified according MA-07 - REQ-020 modified accoridng MA-08 - REQ-022 modified according MA-022 and MMF608 - REQ-024 modified [ ] command) between from either 0.1 and or 0.2 rad-pk(tbc). + DDOR MI command added in section and associated TM in according ajw23 and ajw24 ; included in TAS-F input for SGICD REQ 45 modified according MA-14 - REQ 295 added - REQ 300 (phase noise in coherent) added, in accordance with Pre-TEB 10/06/11 wording minutes - REQ 50 modified according MA-17 - REQ 56 modified - REQ-75 modified : "tone fq group delay modified from +/- 30ns to +/-22ns" - REQ0076 : STD ranging group delay calibration accuracy relaxed from +/-0.8ns to +/-2.5ns - REQ-072 modified: reference to IR02 guidelines for "sequential ranging" and "DDOR "according also MF10 and reference is added as IR2 in lis-document - REQ-0002 & 0004 moved in section. - REQ002 modified according ajw03 - REQ004 modified according ajw05 - REQ-0003 removed - REQ 008 modified according AJW-06 - REQ 012 deleted - REQ 161 modified "commanded TM symbol rate" replaced

3 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 3/114 by "TM symbol rate" and last sentence "link between symbol rate and modulation " is removed - In Table 6-2 "telemetry symbol rate com" suppressed and in table 6-4 selected TM symbol rate telemetry suppressed (according MA-05 and REQ009) - REQ 016 modified according ajw11 - REQ27 : modified according ajw15 - title of modified according ajw17 - REQ33 modified according ajw17 - REQ 294 added (carrier lock indication)in REQ 36 modified according ajw18 - REQ 58 modified according ajw22 and last sentence moved at the beginning of the req. - REQ 158 modified according ajw-25 - REQ 189 modified according ajw-26 covered by MA07 - REQ-17 modified according MMF-06 and MF-04 - REQ 49 modified according MMF TC pseudo randomization deleted - REQ 44 modified according MMF10 and MMF11 - REQ 46 modified according MMF14 - REQ 47 modified and REQ 297 (ECSS mask) and REQ 296added (10 sec integration time) - REQ 51 modified according Pre-TEB. REQ 298 & REQ note that Payload module input isn't foreseen anymore : but TAS-F proposes to keep the input as test input in case of need for AIT investigation purpose - note : modification in description REQ 55 modified according MMF20 - REQ-11 modified (5Msps max) - REQ-100 modified according MF-13 - REQ-144 modified according MF-14 - REQ-160 modified according MF-15 - REQ 307 added according to MF-16 and 5.7 Multipaction in performance section - REQ 308 added according to MF-17 - REQ 309 and 310 added according MF-19 - all document : minimisation of TBC - REQ 044 modified (test req moved in verification matrix) - REQ 050 modified (reference to 7,2MHz allocated bandwidth removed) - REQ 68 (f tone=1mhz TBC; to be defined before unit CDR) - REQ 69, REQ 70 and REQ 74: wording modified vs ftone ATO Not applicable for DST REQ268 corrected - REQ 32 splitted in 2req - REQ 39 and REQ 58 re-wording - REQ 65 & 161 splitted in 2req - REQ 132,133 and 134 wording modification - REQ 166 deleted (not applicable to DST) - REQ 183 suppressed and included as a note in REQ REQ 195 splitted in 3req.

4 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 4/114 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE DOCUMENTS, ABBREVIATIONS TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS DEFINITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS EOMARS MISSION AND SCENARIO MISSION PHASES S/S OVERALL ARCHITECTURE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS COMPATIBILITY WITH GROUND SEGMENT OPERATING FREQUENCY Turn-Around Ratio TM TRANSMISSION FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Modulation Scheme Down-link Telemetry Symbol Rate Subcarrier Frequency Generation (PCM/PSK/PM) Modulation Indexes Selection (PCM/PSK/PM) Coherent and non-coherent mode RF Output Power Reflected Power Handling function requirement DELTA-DOR FUNCTION General Delta-DOR Signal TC RECEPTION FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Telecommand modulation scheme Telecommand subcarrier frequency Telecommand modulation indexes Up-link signal acquisition procedure Transponder self-lock Input signal level monitoring Up-Link Telecommand Data Rates Carrier lock indication (Lock Status) Data Valid Signal (Squelch) RANGING FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CODE ranging Function Selection CODE ranging Function PN ranging Function unused function for exomars PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS OVERALL REQUIREMENTS... 24

5 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 5/ TM TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Modulation Scheme Residual carrier Modulation performances Downlink technological modulation losses Symbol Rates Coherent and non-coherent mode performances requirements non-coherent mode coherent mode DST RF Output Power Allocated Bandwidth Discrete lines, Spurious and broadband noise RECEPTION PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Telecommand transition density Noise figure Implementation loss Input dynamic range Receiver interference mask Maximum input level (overdrive) Acquisition threshold Tracking threshold Tracking range Doppler on TC subcarrier Data valid indication RANGING PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Code Ranging Channel PN Ranging performance requirements not used on Exomars TM / TC rates influence on Ranging DELTA-DOR TONE FREQUENCY STABILITY REQUIREMENTS TRANSPONDER INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY STABILITY Receiver rest-frequency stability over 24 hours MULTIPACTION OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS EQUIPMENT COMMANDABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY General Equipment commandability Equipment observability Equipment autonomy Equipment electrical status Equipment FDIR TC/TM interfaces DST OPERATION MODES Up-link operative modes... 58

6 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 6/ Down-link operative modes Autonomous Selection of Modulation Scheme and Subcarrier Frequency LIFETIME Nominal Lifetime ON/OFF Cycles MAINTAINABILITY CLEANLINESS SAFETY HANDLING, INTEGRATION AND UTILISATION INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MECHANICAL INTERFACES Dimensions Mounting plane Connectors location structure Grounding Mass Center of gravity CoG uncertainty Stiffness Stiffness uncertainty Inertia THERMAL INTERFACES ELECTRICAL INTERFACES Test interfaces Power Interface Down-link Telemetry Interface Up-link Telecommand Interface MIL-STD-1553B BUS TC/TM INTERFACE Protocol RF INTERFACES DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS MECHANICAL DESIGN General mechanical design rules Specific TAS-F design rules THERMAL DESIGN General thermal design rules Specific thermal design rules for dissipative units ELECTRICAL DESIGN EMC ESD DESIGN... 80

7 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 7/ SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS PA AND RAMS REQUIREMENTS GENERAL PA REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIC PA REQUIREMENTS reliability & failure tolerance Availability Maintainability safety of means and people parts material and processes ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT THERMAL ENVIRONMENT EMC/ESD ENVIRONMENT RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ATO ENVIRONMENT LAUNCH ENVIRONMENT AEROBRAKING ENVIRONMENT VERIFICATION AND TESTS REQUIREMENTS Verification by test Verification by analysis Verification by review of design Verification by Inspection UNIT LEVEL TESTS VERIFICATION MATRI GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT TABLE OF FIGURES Figure EOMARS band TT&C block-diagram...12 Figure : OMB avionic architecture...14 Figure : ECSS027 mask for DST Allan Deviation vs sample time in coherent mode.29 Figure : Occupied bandwidth specification vs symbol rate at DST Tx output port...31 Figure : DST spurious specification...33 Figure 5.3-1: Receiver spurious immunity Mask...37 Figure 7.4-1: SMU - DST down-link telemetry interface...69 Figure 7.4-2: DST - SMU: up-link telecommand interface...70 Figure : pressure variation in aerobraking...87

8 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 8/114 TABLE OF TABLES Table 4-1: Exomars RF Channels Allocation (TBC)...16 Table 4-2: Down-Link Modulation Indexes (nominal values)...17 Table 4-3: Uplink Modulation Indexes Range...20 Table 5-1: Down-Link Symbol Rates...27 Table 5-2 : narrow bandwidth spectral lines...34 Table 5-3 : wide bandwidth spectral lines...35 Table 5-4 : Broadband noise (deep space anenna protection)...35 Table 6-1: direct commands...54 Table 6-2: 1553 bus commands...55 Table 6-3: telemetries (relay switch)...55 Table 6-4: 1553 bus telemetries...57 Table 6-5: DST operation modes...58 Table 7-1 DST envelope dimensions...63 Table 7-2 :DEEP SPACE TRANSPONDER POWER CONSUMPTION BUDGET...67 Table 10-1 : -DST Interface Temperature Limits...85 Table 11-1 :(unit) SEQUENCE TESTS...92 Table 11-2 :verification matrix...111

9 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 9/ SCOPE This document describes the design, manufacturing and test requirements for the ExoMars Orbiter Module Bus (OMB) mission 2016 band Deep Space Transponder (DST) unit.. The DST is a part of the TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) subsystem of the Orbiter Module Bus. The functionalities of the DST are summarized as follows: To acquire and track the up-link phase modulated carrier received in -Band, to demodulate Telecommands and to deliver the demodulated NRZ-L signal (together with the clock, the data valid and the RF lock status) to the Command Decoder (part of the on-board computer SMU); To modulate the downlink -band carrier with the Telemetry data stream To implement residual carrier modulation (BPSK/PM) and suppressed carrier modulation (GMSK) on the downlink carrier. To transpond the uplink carrier ranging signal onto the downlink carrier To provide Delta-DOR tones on the downlink carrier

10 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 10/ DOCUMENTS, ABBREVIATIONS References within this document pointing to documents listed hereafter will be made by using NR or IR references (NR=Normative Document, IR=Informative Document). [NR] terminology replaces the former [AD] nomenclature, as well as [IR] replaces [RD]. For Standards, the former [ECSS] and [CCDS] nomenclature are used. List of Normative Documents (NR) and Informative Documents(IR) is maintained in dedicated EM-OM-LIS-AF-0431 document and applies to the present -DST Technical Requirement Document Terms, Definitions and acronyms The [NR 0121] provides the Exomars generic acronyms used on the project. However specific acronyms dealing with the present specifications are provided here below for sake of completeness. Acronym BPSK BW DST GMSK KSPC OMB RNG R SMU T TTC TWTA T UHF UMB DST Definition Binary Phase Shift Keying Bandwidth Deep Space Transponder Gaussian Minimum Phase Shift Keying Kennedy Space Center Orbiter Module Bus Ranging Receiver System Management Unit Test Telemetry Tracking and Command Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier Transmitter Ultra High Frequency Umbilical band Deep Space Transponder

11 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 11/ DEFINITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 3.1. ExoMars mission and scenario EOMARS is the first mission of the ESA Exploration Programme. It will demonstrate flight and in-situ qualification of key exploration enabling technologies to support the European ambitions for future robotic and human exploration missions. The EOMARS 2016 mission scenario foresees a launch by an ATLAS V 421 (from KSPC) in 2016 of a spacecraft composite, composed by the Orbiter Module (OM), the Entry Descent & Module (EDM) and a suite of NASA scientific instruments. A UHF transceiver, called Electra, is also provided by NASA and will serve as data relay of all Mars surface assets. After a cruise phase on the order of 9 months the EDM will be released from an hyperbolic trajectory with a selected inclination in line with the targeted landing site. After a coast phase of about 3 days, the EDM enters the Mars atmosphere while the OMB performs its Mars Orbit Insertion manoeuvre (MOI). A coverage of the EDM entry, descent and landing will be done through UHF link with the OMB. After insertion on a 4 SOL orbit the OMB will relay the landed platform for a couple of orbits prior to start the chemical reduction to a 1 SOL orbit. From this orbit, an aerobraking phase of about 7 months will begin to circularise the 1 SOL orbit down to a 400km orbit for the science phase (orbit inclined at 74 ). From the science orbit 400x400km, the on-board instruments will record data from the red planet and this until completion of a full Martian year. In parallel to the 2016 mission, the 2018 mission will land two Rovers in January 2019, slightly overlapping with the end of the science mission, and they will be relayed by the Exomars Orbiter. Once the Exomars science mission is completed, the OMB will stay on the same orbit and will provide a data relay function to all Mars surface assets until end of Mission Phases The mission life of the unit includes the ground, launch, transfer and in orbit phases starting at the date of delivery to the Prime Contractor. The main mission phases are summarized in the following: Ground phases, Launch phase, EOP & manoeuvres, Cruise & manoeuvres,

12 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 12/114 EDM separation, Mars orbit (4 SOL & 1SOL), Aerobraking, Science mission and Data relay 3.3. S/S overall architecture The unit specified in the present technical specification belongs to the telecommunication S/S and the corresponding architecture is presented here after : RFDN RJ HGAA 2.2m -DST N -DST Rx Tx Tx Rx TWTA 65W N 3db coupler TWTA 65W R Diplexer D1 HPI HPI Diplexer D2 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 LGA3 (-) LGA1(+Z) R LGA2 (-Z) Coaxial Waveguide Figure EOMARS band TT&C block-diagram band TT&C subsystem provides the following functions : o reception and demodulation of telecommands o modulation and transmission of telemetry o transponding the ranging signal o generation of delta DOR signals. The band TT&C S/S is composed of : o Two -band Deep Space Transponders (DST). The transponder provides hot redundancy for the receiving functions and cold redundancy for the transmit function. The transponders interface with the on-board computer SMU, which decodes and distributes commands to the units and collects, encodes and formats telemetry data. The transponder modulates the downlink carrier at band with the telemetry stream provided by the SMU (cross-strapping between nominal and redundant interfaces is performed at SMU level. o Two 65W RF Travelling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTA), in cold redundancy. They are used to amplify the downlink signal. The two TWTAs are connected to both transponders (Tx part) by means of a 3dB hybrid coupler. Each TWTA is composed by a TWT (Travelling Wave Tube)and an EPC (Electronic Power Conditioning).

13 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 13/114 o A Radio-Frequency Distribution Network (RFDN) mainly constituted of two diplexers, four waveguide switches and two high power isolators (HPI). The RFDN ensures the connectivity between the different antennas and the two Receive/Transmit sections of the subsystem. It also provides the necessary filtering to ensure the TTC RF auto-compatibility and the rejection of out-of-band spurious. o A 2.2m two-axes steerable High Gain Antenna Assembly (HGA-A), providing high data rate capability at high distance from Earth (2.65 A.U.). Its two-axes mechanism (APM) allows to communicate with Earth with simultaneous science recording on the Mars orbit. This antenna is used to downlink high data rates telemetries in nominal phases, and also in safe mode, after exit from Sun Acquisition Mode (SAM). o Three -Band Low Gain Antennas (LGA s). Each antenna guarantees a hemispherical coverage. The lateral antennas (LGA1 LGA2), accommodated on +Z and Z panels, are used during Early Operation Phase (EOP), and also inner cruise up to A.U. when the HGA cannot be used due to PFD limitations. As well during manoeuvres and during SAM in safe mode if occurred during inner cruise (LGA3 otherwise). A third Low Gain Antenna accommodated on panel has been implemented to ensure transmission to ground during SAM in safe mode and during EDM release. Orbiter avionic architecture The TTC S/S is a part of the Orbiter module bus avionic and relies on 1553 bus for command/control. The SMU provides discrete lines to this subsystem in addition to the 1553 bus. Data to be downloaded are transmitted through dedicated SBDL data lines to the two DSTs. The OMB provides an unregulated [22;36]V bus.

14 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 14/114 MATMOS SOIR NOMAD EMCS HiSCI MAGIE Science instruments PDHU Packet wire & Spacewire EDM Demonstrator 1553 stubs towards RTPU Interface with EDM & CTPU HGA TTC S/S Rx UHF antennas Tx UHF LVDS data link Electra LGA 1 LGA 2 SBDL data link TWTA -DST RFDN TWTA -DST LGA 3 PL 1553 bus PF 1553 bus Star Trackers CSS Gyroscopes SMU Reaction Wheels TCS EDM power line APM Discrete links Main Engine Latch valves Thrusters P PPPPP Pressure P PPP transducers RCS IF PCDU Power for OM units Heater Heater PCU Pyros (tbc) to RCS, SA, MSA and HGA deployment S ADM S ADM Batteries Solar Arrays Figure : OMB avionic architecture

15 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 15/ FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1. General functional requirements EM-DST -REQ-0001 : The DST shall handle simultaneously the following functions: To receive and demodulate Telecommands from the -band uplink carrier and deliver the demodulated NRZ-L signal (together with the clock, the data valid and the RF lock status) to the SMU. To modulate the downlink carrier with Telemetry data streams coming from the SMU. To transpond the ranging signal received with uplink carrier onto the downlink carrier. NOTE - the Exomars baselined ranging standard is the ESA standard code ranging; To generate the Delta-DOR tones with the required stability To modulate the downlink carrier with either residual carrier modulation (BPSK/PM) or suppressed carrier modulation (GMSK) To demodulated and modulate respectively the uplink and downlink carriers at various TM/TC data rates 4.2. Compatibility with ground segment EM-DST -REQ-0005 : The DST shall be compatible with the ESA ground segment and the NASA Deep Space Network 4.3. Operating frequency EM-DST -REQ-0006 : The DST shall support TT&C communications in the allocated by [ECSS028] standard to Deep Space operations (category B spacecraft). These are: -Band Reception (Earth-Space) : MHz -Band Transmission (Space-Earth) : MHz EM-DST -REQ-0007 : The DST shall support the following operating frequencies, which have been allocated to the Exomars TT&C up-link and down-link operations.

16 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 16/114 Link Direction Frequency (MHz) DSN Channel Up Earth Space MHz Ch 10.8 Down Space-Earth MHz Ch 10.8 Table 4-1: Exomars RF Channels Allocation (TBC) Turn-Around Ratio EM-DST -REQ-0008 : The ratio of up-link and downlink frequencies for the transponders shall be for a Category B Mission as indicated in the following: In coherent mode the down-link frequency shall be derived from the up-link received frequency f up according to the following ratios: F down = f up (880/749), 4.4. TM Transmission Functional requirements Modulation Scheme EM-DST -REQ-0004 : The DST shall be able to receive and demodulate the telecommand and ranging (CODE) signals. EM-DST -REQ-0009 : The DST shall modulate the downlink carrier with either residual carrier modulation or suppressed carrier modulation, depending on symbol rate : Symbol rates lower or equal than ksps : PCM(NRZ-L)/PSK/PM on a square wave sub-carrier (residual) Symbol rates higher or equal than ksps : GMSK (Gaussian minimum phase shift keying), with BT = 0.5 (suppressed). EM-DST -REQ-0010 :

17 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 17/114 When simultaneous ranging and telemetry is performed, the residual carrier modulation shall be used. EM-DST -REQ-0002 : In case of residual carrier modulation : When simultaneous ranging and telemetry is performed, the two signals shall be added prior to phase modulate the downlink carrier Down-link Telemetry Symbol Rate EM-DST -REQ-0011 : The transponder shall support symbol rates between sps and 5 Msps Subcarrier Frequency Generation (PCM/PSK/PM) EM-DST -REQ-0013 : In case of PCM/PSK/PM the -DST shall internally generate the square-wave subcarrier synchronised (phase coherent) with the symbol rate. The telemetry rate shall be selected via command while the corresponding subcarrier frequency shall be set autonomously by the -DST according Modulation Indexes Selection (PCM/PSK/PM) EM-DST -REQ-0014 : The following set of Modulation Indexes shall be selectable in-flight via command : Function Modulation indexes (rad-pk) Telemetry 0.2 to 1.25 by step of 0.05 CODE Ranging 0.2 to 0.7 by step of 0.05 DDOR tones Refer to section Table 4-2: Down-Link Modulation Indexes (nominal values) Note : a limited number of modulation indexes will be used in flight.

18 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 18/ Coherent and non-coherent mode General EM-DST -REQ-0015 : The DST shall be capable of operating in a coherent or non-coherent mode. This function shall be capable of being set by dedicated commands: Coherent Mode On and Coherent Mode Off. In coherent mode the down-link frequencies are derived from the up-link received frequency according to the turn-around ratio. In non-coherent mode the down-link signal frequency is derived from the internal reference oscillator without considering the Doppler contribution on the up-link signal Interaction with receiver lock status EM-DST -REQ-0016 : The DST shall be capable of operating in a coherent or non-coherent mode depending on the lock status of the receiver. In the coherent mode, the transmitter shall operate coherently with the receiver as soon as the receiver is locked. In this mode if the receiver loses lock, the transmitter shall autonomously go to non-coherent state and return autonomously to the coherent state, after the receiver gets locked. In the non-coherent mode, the transmitter shall remain non-coherent, until it receives a telecommand to go coherent and the receiver indicates the lock of the up-link signal Operation with ranging EM-DST -REQ-0017 : During coherent transmission, the loss of the lock of the receiver shall automatically set the transmitter in Telemetry alone state if the transmitter was in Telemetry and ranging mode. In this way, if the receiver loses the lock, the transmitter shall autonomously go to non-coherent state and return autonomously to the coherent state with ranging ON, after the receiver gets locked. This requirement is applicable to standard two-way ranging (CODE). DDOR is excluded from this requirement RF Output Power EM-DST -REQ-0018 :

19 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 19/114 The RF output power of the DST shall be selectable by command in the range [-6 ; +3] dbm with 1 db resolution EM-DST -REQ-0019 : Output power reduction capability In addition to the level provided above, the DST shall provide the capability to reduce the RF output power by 30dB with respect to the maximum output level. This shall be done by additional setting of the RF output power selection telecommand Reflected Power Handling function requirement EM-DST -REQ-0020 : The DST shall not be degraded in case the full RF power is reflected to the output port over the whole downlink frequency band Delta-DOR Function General EM-DST -REQ-0021 : The transponder shall generate two DDOR tones to phase modulate the down-link carrier (in non-coherent mode only) Delta-DOR Signal EM-DST -REQ-0022 : The downlink signal shall be described in the time domain by: S down, (t) = (2 P T ) ½ cos[2πf down t + m 1 (sin(2πf 1 t)) + m 2 (sin(2πf 2 t))] The sinewave tones shall be coherent with the downlink carrier frequency The tones frequencies shall be: f1 = fdown/a (~ 4MHz) f2 = fdown/b (~ 20 MHz) A and B are TBD values, to be chosen by the manufacturer. Downlink operating frequency (fdown) is defined in REQ-007. EM-DST -REQ-0023 : The Delta-DOR function shall be enabled by telecommand (DDOR ON/OFF).

20 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 20/114 EM-DST -REQ-0024 : The DDOR tones peak Modulation Indexes (m1 and m2) shall be, independently for each tone, in flight settable (via proper command) from either 0.1 or 0.2 rad-pk TC Reception Functional requirements Telecommand modulation scheme EM-DST -REQ-0025 : The DST shall be able to receive and demodulate the following TC signal : The default telecommand modulation scheme shall be PCM/PSK/PM (ESA Standard [ECSS 028]) on a sinusoidal sub-carrier. Signal modulation (ranging and/or telecommand) can be applied by ground station after the acquisition procedure is terminated (acquisition sweep removed) Telecommand subcarrier frequency EM-DST -REQ-0026 : The telecommand subcarrier shall be sinusoidal with a frequency of 16 khz Telecommand modulation indexes EM-DST -REQ-0027 : The DST shall be capable to handle the following range of up-link modulation indexes Function Minimum (rad-pk) Maximum (rad-pk) Telecommand CODE Ranging Earth to space Table 4-3: Uplink Modulation Indexes Range Note : When two or more channels are transmitted simultaneously on the earth-tospace link, the peak modulation index will be limited to 1.75 radians Up-link signal acquisition procedure EM-DST -REQ-0028 : For unit testing, the acquisition procedure shall be similar to the one defined in the [ECSS 028] 7.

21 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 21/114 Note : During acquisition the un-modulated carrier is transmitted by the ground station and the ESA standard procedure based on carrier sweeping around the estimated receiver rest frequency is applicable. At the end of acquisition procedure the sweeping is removed Transponder self-lock EM-DST -REQ-0029 : The DST shall not self-lock in the absence of up-link carrier when transmitter is switched on Input signal level monitoring EM-DST -REQ-0030 : The input signal level shall be measured and reported as a 1553 telemetry with the following data: Non-Coherent AGC, providing the signal-plus-noise power inside the transponder RF noise bandwidth as a digital word of 8 bits ; Coherent AGC, providing the residual carrier power as a digital word of 12 bits ; TC SubCarrier AGC providing the TC subcarrier level as a digital word of 12 bits Up-Link Telecommand Data Rates EM-DST -REQ-0031 : The DST shall support the following telecommand data rates considering PCM/PSK/PM modulation scheme: TcBR-1: bps, TcBR-2: bps, TcBR-3: 250 bps, TcBR-4: 1000 bps, TcBR-5: 2000 bps, TcBR-6: 4000 bps. Note: The telecommand bit rates quoted are actually the symbol rates at transponder input after BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) coding, as defined in [ECSS 36], [CCDS05]. EM-DST -REQ-0032 : The in flight data rate selection shall be performed via command;

22 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 22/114 EM-DST -REQ-0301 : The uplink data rate shall be obtained via the telemetry interface (refer to ) Carrier lock indication (Lock Status) EM-DST -REQ-0294 : The DST shall implement a RF lock status that indicates carrier lock EM-DST -REQ-0033 : The DST shall not indicate carrier lock when the received signal is higher than 3 db below the tracking threshold, as defined in 5.3. Note1 : the DST shall not lock on the subcarrier. Note 2: For testing purposes a false lock longer than 5 minutes is considered a sustained lock. This requirement shall apply over any combination and the full operational range of all environmental parameters Data Valid Signal (Squelch) EM-DST -REQ-0034 : The Data Valid Signal shall provide an indication of valid uplink bit stream as described in paragraph uplink TC interface Ranging Functional requirements CODE ranging Function Selection EM-DST -REQ-0035 : The ranging function shall be enabled after reception of the proper telecommand. Following commands shall be foreseen: RNG ON, RNG OFF CODE ranging Function EM-DST -REQ-0036 : When the transponder is set in Code Ranging mode, the demodulated signal within the ranging bandwidth (useful ranging signal plus noise) shall directly modulate the downlink Carrier.

23 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 23/114 EM-DST -REQ-0037 : The Exomars ground stations implement the ranging signal in accordance with the Ranging Standard [ECSS 027]. This signal consists of a sine wave tone at a fixed frequency, which is phase modulated by a series of codes, for ambiguity resolution. The DST shall be compliant with this standard. EM-DST -REQ-0038 : Input signal level monitoring The CODE ranging input signal level shall be monitored and presented as a 1553 telemetry called Code ranging AGC telemetry PN ranging Function unused function for exomars Deleted

24 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 24/ PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 5.1. Overall requirements EM-DST -REQ-0039 : The DST shall comply with ECSS and CCSDS standards listed in EM-OM-LIS-AF TM Transmission performance requirements Modulation Scheme EM-DST -REQ-0040 : residual carrier mode: The implementation of the PCM(NRZ_L)/PSK/PM shall be according to [ECSS 028]. EM-DST -REQ-0041 : GMSK suppressed carrier mode: The implementation of the GMSK (Gaussian minimum phase shift keying), with BT = 0.5. shall be according to [ECSS 028], in particular Modulation format as defined in Residual carrier Modulation performances Modulation index accuracy EM-DST -REQ-0042 : The Modulation Indexes accuracy shall be ± 5% of the nominal value Down-link modulation linearity EM-DST -REQ-0043 : The TLM and Ranging down-link modulation (phase variation as a function of the video voltage applied to the modulator) shall not deviate from linearity by more than 3% Downlink technological modulation losses EM-DST -REQ-0044 : The degradation with respect to the theoritical uncoded BER curve for a Bit Error Rates higher than 1.E - 6 shall be lower than :

25 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 25/ db for PCM/BPSK/PM 0.2 db for GMSK. The implementation loss is applicable to: all specified telemetry bit rates, all specified telemetry modulation indexes (PCM/BPSK/PM case)

26 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 26/ Symbol Rates Different symbol rates and subcarrier frequencies are necessary according to the coding scheme selected in the SMU TM encoder. EM-DST -REQ-0045 : Following symbol rates and relevant subcarrier frequencies shall be supported by the DST.

27 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 27/114 fs (ksps) (*) fb (kbps) Fs/c (khz) N Turbo (1/6) Turbo (1/4) Turbo (1/2) concatenated encoding note(1) TBD N/A N/A N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD N/A N/A (2) N/A TBD TBD TBD TBD note(1) N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.01 (note1 : suppressed carrier modulation) (note2 : concatenated encoding is assumed to be used only with suppressed carrier modulation) (*) values are TBD or TBC, (need for SMU supplier clarification, data volume optimisation and link budget update) Note : number of symbol rate steps will be less than 30. Table 5-1: Down-Link Symbol Rates

28 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 28/ Coherent and non-coherent mode performances requirements Phase Noise in non-coherent mode non-coherent mode EM-DST -REQ-0046 : The Phase Noise of the un-modulated carrier, shall be integrated between 1Hz and 50kHz, less than 3.5 at the -DST output This requirement is related to the DST in non-coherent configuration when the internal reference oscillator is used. This requirement is also applicable for a modulated carrier. EM-DST -REQ-0295 : The Phase Noise of the un-modulated carrier, shall be integrated between 100Hz and 1MHz, less than 6 rms at the -DST output This requirement is related to the DST in non-coherent configuration when the internal reference oscillator is used. This requirement is also applicable for a modulated carrier. coherent mode EM-DST -REQ-0300 : The Phase Noise of the un-modulated carrier, shall be integrated between 10Hz and 10kHz, less than 4 rms at the -DST output for a minimum RF uplink signal of 143dBm. This requirement is also applicable for a modulated carrier Allan Deviation in Coherent Mode EM-DST -REQ-0297 : The DST allan deviation in coherent mode shall comply with [ECSS027] mask. The mask (yellow curve A)) is recalled in Figure

29 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 29/114 Figure : ECSS027 mask for DST Allan Deviation vs sample time in coherent mode EM-DST -REQ-0047 : The DST Allan deviation (ADEV) in coherent mode for signal level of -143dBm at DST Receiver input port shall be less than 6x10-15 for 1000-second integration. In particular the ADEV shall be checked in the following conditions: - temperature range +/- 3 K around 25 C and 45 C with a period of 120 min - variation of uplink signal of 80kHz or -80 khz in 1000s note : these temperatures correspond respectively to the nominal science and cruise temperature. EM-DST -REQ-0296 : The DST Allan deviation (ADEV) in coherent mode for signal level of -143dBm at DST Receiver input port shall be less than 2x10-13 for 10-second integration (TBC).

30 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 30/114 In particular the ADEV shall be checked in the following conditions: - temperature range +/- 3 K around 25 C and 45 C with a period of 120 min - variation of uplink signal of 1000Hz or 1000Hz in 10s note : these temperatures correspond respectively to the nominal science and cruise temperature.

31 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 31/ DST RF Output Power EM-DST -REQ-0048 : The end-of-life RF output power of the DST unit over the specified frequency ranges and over the operating temperature ranges shall be in the range (-6 +3 dbm) with 1 db resolution EM-DST -REQ-0049 : The DST output power stability at maximum level shall be better than ±1 db TBC over lifetime all effects included (temperature, radiation, etc ) Allocated Bandwidth EM-DST -REQ-0050 : The Telemetry downlink spectrum shall not exceed the following bandwidth (-25dB as per ECSS 028) depending on symbol rate.(refer to brown curve spec at DST output ) Maximum occupied Bandwidth specification (GMSK signal) vs symbol rate Occupied BW [MHz] 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 0, Symbol rate (Msps) spec at DST output Max occupied Bw 25dB Below peak PSD [MHz]- as per CCSDS fig 4-1 Max occupied Bw 25dB Below peak PSD [MHz]- as per CCSDS 1,2*Rs for Rs>2Msps Exomars Max occupied Bandwidth at Antenna I/F [MHz] Figure : Occupied bandwidth specification vs symbol rate at DST Tx output port For symbol rate lower than 2Msps, ECSS 028 figure 4.1 is sizing, and for symbol rates higher than 2Msps, the occupied BW shall be lower than 1.2xSymbol rate. The above mask can be obtained from the following equations : BW 3.64 f s 0,36Msps BW 12.5 * f s / (0.41*1.1 * f s ) f s < 2Msps BW 1.2/1.1 *f s 2Msps f s 5Msps * where f s is DST input symbol rate. Note : The effective occupied bandwidth shall be evaluated by a simulation tool before the PDR and then measured before the CDR.

32 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 32/114

33 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 33/ Discrete lines, Spurious and broadband noise EM-DST -REQ-0298 : Discrete lines : In full configuration and with the transmitter function active (unmodulated mode), the discrete lines at the DST output port shall be less than -45dBc, in the occupied bandwidth as defined upper. Modulation shall not result in the introduction on lines with power greater than 30dBc inside the occupied bandwidth. EM-DST -REQ-0051 : Out of band spurious (ECSS 028 spurious definition : outside +/ MHz from the downlink frequency) With the DST in full configuration and the transmitter function active (down-link unmodulated carrier and modulated carrier), the spurious at the DST output port shall be less than: -60dBc, measured in a reference bandwidth of 4kHz, outside +/-17.5 MHz from the downlink frequency. These requirements are valid in both coherent or non-coherent mode (when synchronized to internal reference oscillator). In addition around the Uplink frequency the output spurious shall be: -90dBc (+/- 30 MHz from the uplink frequency) DST Max Spurious (dbc) 0-20 (dbc) frequency (MHz) Figure : DST spurious specification

34 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 34/114 Note : Spurious definition is according [ECSS028]: emissions on a frequency, or frequencies, which are outside ±2.5 times the occupied bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information NOTE Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out of band emissions. [ITU/RR/1.145] EM-DST -REQ-0299 : Broad band noise : With the DST in full configuration and the transmitter function active (down-link unmodulated carrier and modulated carrier), the broadband noise shall be less than 93dBm/Hz, except within +/- 30MHz from the uplink frequency : the broadband noise shall be less than 123dBm/Hz, within +/- 30MHz from the uplink frequency. EM-DST -REQ-0052 : Protection of Radio Astronomy Bands Dedicated measurements of generated spurious at the following frequencies shall be performed and the level shall not exceed the listed ones: - Narrow Bandwidth Spectral Lines: Narrow bandwidth spectral lines Centre frequency Observation BW RF out Remarks (MHz) khz dbm/hz Wide Bandwidth Spectral Lines Table 5-2 : narrow bandwidth spectral lines

35 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 35/114 Wide bandwidth spectral lines Centre frequency Observation BW RF out Remarks (MHz) khz dbm/hz 13,385 0, , , , , , Table 5-3 : wide bandwidth spectral lines EM-DST -REQ-0053 : In addition, in order to meet the requirement of protection of deep space antenna sites, the DST shall comply with the emission requirements of the following table): Broadband noise frequency band RF out Remarks (MHz) dbm/hz 2290MHz-2300MHz MHz- 8450MHz -93 out of occupied bandwidth 31800MHz MHz MHz MHz -113 Table 5-4 : Broadband noise (deep space anenna protection)

36 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 36/ reception performance requirements Telecommand transition density EM-DST -REQ-0054 : The DST shall be able to lock with 99.9% probability on an up-link signal with a minimum transition density of 3%, i.e. with at least 2 transitions in any sequence of consecutive ones or zeros, long at least 64 bits Noise figure EM-DST -REQ-0055 : The DST receiver shall have a Noise Figure, measured at minimum input power level, lower than 2.0 db all effects included (temperature, ageing, radiations, etc ) Implementation loss EM-DST -REQ-0056 : The implementation losses shall not be more than: Carrier Recovery: 1.0 db CODE Ranging: 1.0 db (including carrier recovery and RNG processing ) Telecommand Recovery: 2.0 db (for a BER 10-5,, including carrier recovery and TC processing) NOTE 1 The CODE ranging implementation loss must be considered as the degradation of the tone over noise spectral density (PT/No) in the downlink signal with respect to the expected theoretical value. NOTE 2 - The telecommand recovery specification definition above is the loss between the receiver input port and the TC baseband output. It must be considered as the degradation with respect to the theoretical BER curve. NOTE 3 - The TC implementation loss is applicable under the following conditions:: all specified telecommand bit rates, all specified telecommand modulation indexes, specified sweep rates(df/dt) and relevant tracking thresholds, worst case transition density for the whole signal dynamics with transmitter switched on with RNG (CODE) OFF or ON min Carrier uplink signal level (tracking)

37 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 37/ Input dynamic range EM-DST -REQ-0057 : The input dynamic range (at receiver input port) shall be from tracking threshold 145dBm up to -60dBm Receiver interference mask EM-DST -REQ-0058 : The DST, under the application of an interfering signal compatible with the following mask, shall guarantee that: no symptoms of false acquisition/lock shall be observed in absence of up-link signal no degradation in terms of demodulation performances (both for ranging and telecommand) shall be detected.(in particular the TC BER) The RF interference signal level at DST input RF port, shall be considered as a maximum of -60dBm for all frequencies except in the following cases: -125dBm between Fup-350MHz and Fup-60 MHz -85dBm between Fup+60MHz and Fup+350MHz -130dBm between Fup-60MHz and Fup+60MHz -170dBm between Fup-5MHz and Fup+5MHz -40dBm in the specific Exomars -Band down-link bandwidth (between 8,4GHz and 8,45GHz) This is also represented in the following figure. DST susceptibility mask dbm Frequency (MHz) Figure 5.3-1: Receiver spurious immunity Mask

38 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 38/ Maximum input level (overdrive) EM-DST -REQ-0059 : The receiver shall not be damaged nor permanently degraded by a continuous signal CW of 0 dbm applied at receiver input port for 10 minutes) Acquisition threshold EM-DST -REQ-0060 : The probability of carrier acquisition shall be at least 99% (considering a triangular sweeping) in the following cases: -145dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 30 Hz/s; -143dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 80 Hz/s ; -133dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 5000 Hz/s; -123dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to Hz/s. An equivalent noise spectral density at receiver input port of -173 dbm/hz shall be considered. The acquisition is considered successful if the receiver acquires and maintains the tracking at the specified sweep rates (df/dt) and signal levels up to the end of the onground sweep procedure Note : this requirement is TBC and should be consolidated with doppler analysis according to Exomars mission and ground station sweep rate requirements(tbd). Preliminary expected Doppler rate and power at Rx interface is given in [NR2225] Tracking threshold EM-DST -REQ-0061 : The tracking threshold shall be better than the following values for different carrier sweep rates (df/dt): -147dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 30 Hz/s ; -145dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 80 Hz/s ; -135dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to 5000 Hz/s; -125dBm with a carrier sweep rate up to Hz/s;. An equivalent noise spectral density at receiver input port of -173 dbm/hz shall be considered. Note : this requirement is TBC and should be consolidated with doppler analysis according Exomars mission and ground station sweep rate requirements(tbd)

39 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 39/ Tracking range EM-DST -REQ-0062 : Carrier tracking range shall be ± 1MHz at receiver frequency and at tracking threshold conditions Doppler on TC subcarrier EM-DST -REQ-0063 : The DST shall be capable of decoding telecommands with a BER better than 10-5 with a Doppler on the TC subcarriers and telecommand signal up to ± (70 ppm) Data valid indication Threshold Level EM-DST -REQ-0064 : The Data Valid threshold shall be fixed inside the transponder in the following Eb/No range: 7 11 db. (TBC) Reaction Time EM-DST -REQ-0065 : If the applied telecommand (modulated sub-carrier) is above the Data Valid Threshold, the Data Valid activation time shall not exceed 256 bits (TBC) (time from the telecommand application to Data Valid activation), assuming an alternating 0/1 pattern preamble, with a probability of 99.9 %. EM-DST -REQ-0302 : If the telecommand (modulated sub-carrier) is removed or reduced by more than 8dB below the Data Valid Threshold, the Data Valid de-activation time shall not exceed 40 bits (TBC) (time from the telecommand removal/reduction to Data Valid deactivation) with a probability of 99.9%.

40 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 40/ De-activation Probability EM-DST -REQ-0066 : When the receiver is tracking a signal with an Eb/No of 2 db (TBC) or more below the Data Valid Threshold level, the probability of false indication (Data Valid active) shall not exceed 10-5 (TBC) for any 256 (TBC) bit decision interval. (slow squelch function) False De-activation Probability EM-DST -REQ-0067 : When the receiver is tracking a signal with an Eb/No at or above the Data Valid Threshold level, the probability of false indication (Data Valid not active) shall not exceed 10-8 (TBC) for any 256 bit (TBC) decision interval.. (slow squelch function) 5.4. Ranging performance requirements Ranging will be used simultaneously with TM only if PCM/PSK/PM modulation is used Code Ranging Channel Ranging Tone Frequency EM-DST -REQ-0068 : The EOMARS selected ranging tone frequency f_t is 1 MHzTBC. Note : the tone frequency will be around 1MHz. The precise frequency is TBD by ESOC and will be defined before DST CDR Bandwidth EM-DST -REQ-0069 : The one-sided noise bandwidth shall not exceed 2.5 * f_t (from the carrier). EM-DST -REQ-0070 : The ranging channel amplitude response (from RF in to RF out) shall be (TBC): A) ± 0.25 db in the range 0.3Ft to 1.7Ft (from the carrier), (fromaround300 khz 1.7 MHz), B) -3 db at frequencies below 0.1Ft and above 1.9 Ft (from the carrier) (below around 100 khz and above around 1.9 MHz)

41 EM-OM-EQP-AF-0356 ISSUE : 02 Page: 41/ Ranging Code Length EM-DST -REQ-0071 : The DST shall be transparent and compatible with maximum code lengths defined in [ECSS 027]. A code length of 14 TBC will be selected as nominal for Exomars. For contingency, the DST shall be compatible with any code length ranging from N=14 to N=20 (TBC) Compatibility with NASA ranging EM-DST -REQ-0072 : For the NASA DSN ground station(s), the transponder shall be compatible with the ranging signal as described in [IR02] quidelines for "Sequential Ranging" and DDOR Baseband AGC EM-DST -REQ-0073 : An AGC system shall be used in the ranging channel, working to keep constant the root-mean-square of the signal-plus-noise at the transponder modulator input. EM-DST -REQ-0303 : The AGC response time shall be greater than 10 ms and lower than 30 ms Group delay 1 variation over frequency- EM-DST -REQ-0074 : the Group Delay of Ranging channel bandwidth shall be constant within ±200 ns over 0,3*f_tone to 1.7*f_tone ranging bandwidth as seen from the diplexer-transponder interface (1/(5*f_tone) (within the range 300 khz 1.7 MHz). NOTE - This specification computed for a ranging tone of 1MHz applies over the nominal range of carrier and tone frequencies (taking into account Doppler shift, Doppler rate, input signal level, output power level, modulation index, power supply, temperature, lifetime and radiations. Refer to ECSS027 for other tone frequency Group delay 2 tone stability- EM-DST -REQ-0075 :