On the Performance of Millimeter Wave-based RF-FSO Links with HARQ Feedback
|
|
- Merilyn Fleming
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 On the Perforance of Millieter Wave-based -FSO Links with HARQ Feedback Behrooz Makki, Toy Svensson, and Mohaed-Sli Alouini Chalers University of Technoy, Gothenburg, Sweden, {behrooz.akki, King Abdullah University of Science and Technoy KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, arxiv:163.88v1 [cs.it] 6 Mar 16 Abstract This paper studies the perforance of hybrid radiofrequency and free-space optical FSO links in the cases with and without hybrid autoatic repeat request HARQ. Considering illieter wave wave characteristics in the link and pointing errors in the FSO link, we derive closed-for expressions for the essage decoding probabilities as well as the throughput and the outage probability of the -FSO setups. We also evaluate the effect of various paraeters such as power aplifiers efficiency, different transission techniques in the FSO link, pointing errors in the FSO link as well as different coherence ties/sybol rates of the and the FSO links on the throughput and outage probability. The results show the efficiency of the -FSO links in different conditions. Moreover, the HARQ can effectively iprove the outage probability/energy efficiency, and copensate the effect of hardware ipairents in -FSO links. I. INTRODUCTION The deand for high data rates raises the question of spectru availability. Thus, for future counication systes, ore spectral resources are andatory. Of the any popular solutions, free-space optical FSO counication systes have gained significant research attention as effective eans of transferring data at high rates over short distances. In the radio frequency doain, on the other hand, it is ainly concentrated on illieter wave wave counication as a key enabler to obtain sufficiently large bandwidths so that it is possible to achieve data rates coparable to those in the FSO links. In this perspective, the link reliability and the service availability can be considerably iproved via the cobination of FSO and wave-based links. This is particularly because both the FSO and the wave-based links are highly susceptible to atospheric effects. However, the good point is that these links are copleentary because the resp. the FSO signal is severely attenuated by rain resp. fog/clouds while the FSO resp. the signal is not. The perforance of -FSO systes is studied in different papers, e.g., [1] [3], where the and the FSO links are considered as separate links and the link acts as a backup when the FSO link is down. On the other hand, in [4] [8] the and the FSO links are cobined to iprove the syste perforance. Moreover, the ipleentation of hybrid autoatic repeat request HARQ in -based resp. FSObased systes is investigated in, e.g., [9] [13] resp. [14] [18], while the HARQ-based -FSO systes have been rarely studied, e.g., [19] [1] /14/$31. c 14 IEEE Encoder link FSO link HARQ feedback Decoder Figure 1. Channel odel. The data is jointly transitted by the and the FSO links and, in each round of HARQ, the receiver decodes the data based on all received signals. To have realistic insights about the perforance of - FSO links, it is necessary to take the non-ideal link properties into account. Particularly, considering the FSO link, theral expansion, dynaic wind loads, and weak earthquakes result in the building sway phenoenon that causes vibration of the transitter bea leading to a isalignent between the FSO transitter and receiver known as pointing error 1. The pointing error ay lead to significant perforance degradation and is a serious issue in urban areas, where the FSO equipents are placed on high-rise buildings [], [3]. In the link, on the other hand, the power aplifiers PAs efficiency is the ain hardware proble affecting the syste perforance [4], [5]. These are the ain otivations for our paper analyzing the perforance of HARQ-based -FSO links with pointing errors and iperfect PAs. In this paper, we study the data transission efficiency of -FSO systes fro an inforation theoretic point of view. The contributions of this paper are twofold. 1 Taking the pointing errors in the FSO link and the wave characteristics of the link into account, we derive closedfor expressions for the essage decoding probabilities as well as the syste throughput and outage probability. Our results are obtained in different cases with and without HARQ. Particularly, we show the HARQ as an effective technique to copensate the non-ideal properties of the -FSO links and iprove the hybrid link reliability. Then, we analyze the effect of various paraeters such as the FSO link pointing errors, the PAs efficiency, different heterodyne detection- and intensity odulation with direct detection IM/DD-based data transission techniques of the FSO link, and different sy- 1 In general, the wave-based links also suffer fro pointing errors in cases with narrow beaforing and obility. However, here we focus on static links e.g., wireless backhauling, in which pointing errors of the link are negligible.
2 bol rates/coherence ties of the and FSO links on the throughput/outage probability. In contrast to [1] [3], we consider joint data transission/reception in the and FSO links. Moreover, our paper is different fro [4] [6] because we derive new analytical/nuerical results on the essage decoding probabilities, and outage probability/throughput of HARQ-based -FSO links which have not been presented before. The differences in the proble forulation and the channel odel akes our analytical/nuerical results and conclusions copletely different fro the ones in the literature, e.g., [1] [6]. The nuerical and the analytical results show the efficiency of -FSO links in different conditions. Moreover, the HARQ protocols can effectively iprove the outage probability/energy efficiency, and copensate the effect of hardware ipairents in -FSO links. For instance, with the coon paraeter settings of the -FSO links, outage probability 1 and code rate 1 nats-per-channel-use npcu, the ipleentation of HARQ with a iu of 3 retransissions reduces the required power by 8 db, copared to the cases with open-loop counication. II. SYSTEM MODEL Consider a joint -FSO syste, as deonstrated in Fig. 1. The data sequence is encoded into parallel FSO and bit streas. Then, the FSO and the signals are siultaneously sent to the receiver. At the receiver, the received FSO signal is down-converted to baseband resp. collected by an aperture and converted to an electrical signal via photodetection and the signals are sent to the decoder which decodes the received signals jointly. We denote the instantaneous realizations of the fading coefficient of the link and the turbulence coefficient of the FSO link in tie slot i by H,i and H FSO,i, respectively, and for siplicity we refer to both of the as channel coefficients. These channel coefficients are assued to be known at the receiver which is an acceptable assuption in block-fading conditions [9] [15], []. Also, we define G,i = H,i, G FSO,i = H FSO,i which are referred to as channel gain realizations in the following. We then assue no channel state inforation CSI feedback to the transitter, except for the HARQ feedback bits. The feedback channel can be an, an FSO or an -FSO link, and is supposed to be errorand delay-free. Finally, we assue perfect synchronization between the links in harony with, e.g., [4] [8], [19], []. As the ost proising HARQ approach leading to highest throughput/lowest outage probability [9] [1], we consider the increental redundancy INR HARQ with a iu of M retransissions, i.e., the essage is retransitted a iu of M ties. Using INR HARQ, K inforation nats are encoded into a parent codeword of length ML channel uses. The parent codeword is then divided into M sub-codewords of length L channel uses which are sent in the successive transission rounds. Thus, the equivalent data rate, i.e., the K code rate, at the end of round is L = R npcu where R = K L denotes the initial code rate. In each round, the receiver cobines all received sub-codewords to decode the essage. The retransission continues until the essage is correctly decoded or the iu peritted transission round is reached. Note that setting M = 1 represents the cases without HARQ, i.e., open-loop counication. The FSO link is assued to follow a unified Gaa- Gaa fading distribution with pointing errors for which the probability distribution function PDF of the channel gain is given by f GFSO x = ξ 1 x r rxγαγβ G3, 1,3 hαβ µ r ξ +1 ξ,α,β. 1 This is a well-established odel for pointing errors in FSO links, e.g., [], [3]. Also, Γ denotes the Gaa function. Then, r represents the paraeter specifying the detection technique type, where r = 1 accounts for heterodyne detection and r = represents IM/DD technique. Also, h = ξ ξ +1 denotes the ratio between the equivalent bea radius at the receiver and the pointing error displaceent standard deviation jitter at the receiver [3] i.e. for negligible pointing errors, ξ. Then, α and β are the fading/scintillation paraeters related to the atospheric turbulence conditions, and G,, is the Meijer s G function as defined in [7, Eq.9.31]. Finally, µ r stands for the average electrical signal-to-noise ratio SNR where µ 1 = µ heterodyne = E[G FSO ] and µ = µ IM/DD = E[G FSO]αβξ ξ + α+1β+1ξ +1 []. Finally, we denote the transission power of the FSO link by P FSO. While the odeling of the wave-based links is well known for line-of-sight wireless backhaul links, it is still an ongoing research topic for non-line-of-sight conditions [8]. Particularly, different easureent setups have ephasized the non-/near-line-of-sight propagation and the non-ideal hardware as two key challenges of such links. Since we target a hybrid wave-based -FSO link, we consider Rician channel odel for the link, which is an appropriate odel for near line-of-sight conditions. With a Rician odel, the channel aplitude G and gain G, respectively, follow the PDFs f x = x e x +ν xν ω ω I ω, and f G x = 1 f x x, where ν and ω denote the fading paraeters andi is the zero-th order odified Bessel function of the first kind. Finally, to take the non-ideal hardware into account, we consider the state-of-the-art odel for the PA efficiency in the link which is given by [4], [5] ϑ P P P cons = ǫ P P = 1 ϑ ǫp cons P ϑ. 3 Here,P,P and P cons are the output, the iu output and the consued power of the PA, respectively, ǫ [,1] denotes the iu power efficiency achieved at P = P and ϑ [,1] is a paraeter depending on the PA classes.
3 N fading blocks of FSO channel in each retransission Transission 1 Retransission Retransission.. Retransission M One fading block of channel Tie Figure. Tie scales. The link reains constant in the retransissions quasi-static channel [1], [11] while in each retransission round of HARQ N different channel realizations are experienced in the FSO link. III. ANALYTICAL RESULTS As shown in [9] [13], for different channel odels the throughput of HARQ protocols can be written as η = R1 φ M 1+ M 1 =1 φ, 4 where φ = PrW R denotes the probability that the data is not correctly decoded up to the end of the - th round with W being the accuulated utual inforation AMI at the end of round. Also, the outage probability is given by PrOutage = φ M = PrW M R M. Thus, to analyze the throughput and outage probability, the key point is to deterine the probabilities φ, = 1,...,M. Then, having the probabilities, the considered perforance etrics are obtained. In -FSO systes, it was deonstrated by, e.g., [5], [9] and the references therein, that the link experiences very slow variations and the coherence tie of the link is in the order of ties larger than the coherence tie of the FSO link. For this reason, we consider the setup as illustrated in Fig. where the link reains constant in the retransissions quasi-static channel [1], [11] while in each retransission round of HARQ N different channel realizations are experienced in the FSO link. In this way, considering 3 and Fig., we can use the results of [3, Chapter 7] to find the probability φ, = 1,...,M, as φ = Pr Y r,,n. = ψ 1+ 1 ϑ j=1 i=1 ǫp cons P ϑg +Y r,,n R M N 1+c r P FSO G FSO,1+j 1i. Here, ψ represents the relative sybol rates of the and FSO links which is a design paraeter selected by the network designer. Also, 5 is based on the fact that the achievable rate of an FSO link is given by 1 + c r x with x being the instantaneous received SNR and c r denoting a constant ter such that c r = 1 for heterodyne detection and c r = e π for 5, IM/DD [], [31], [3, Eq. 7.43], [33, Eq. 6]. Considering different values of N, there is no closed-for expression for 5. Thus, we use the central liit theore to approxiate Y r,,n by the Gaussian rando variable 1 Z Nµ,. Here, µ and are the ean and variance deterined based on the FSO link channel condition. Particularly, considering the Gaa-Gaa PDF 1 and denoting the expectation operator by E{ }, we have µ = ψe{1+c r P FSO G FSO } = ξ ψ rxγαγβ 1+c r P FSO xg 3, 1,3 and = ρ µ with x hαβ µ r 1 r ξ +1 ξ,α,β dx, 6 ρ = ψ E{1+c r P FSO G FSO ξ ψ } = rxγαγβ 1 x 1+c r P FSO x G 3, r ξ +1 1,3 hαβ dx 7 µ r ξ,α,β which can be found nuerically, because they are onediensional integrations. Having µ and, we find the probabilities φ,, as follows. Considering Rician fading conditions for the link, 5 is rephrased as d f x φ = x Y r,,n 1+ R 1 ϑ Pr d a = d b d = a f x x Q f u Q f uv τ,λ udu b f udu+ a ǫp cons P ϑx 1+ 1 ϑ ǫp cons x P ϑ dx = +µ R ǫp 1+ 1 ϑ cons P u +µ R ϑ 1 f u λ u τ du In [33], 1+cSNR is proved as a tight lower bound on the capacity in the cases with an average power constraint. Then, [], [31] show that the forula of the kind 1 + csnr is an asyptotically tight lower bound on the achievable rates for the cases with an average power constraint, a peak power constraint, as well as cobined peak and average power constraints. du dx
4 c 1 F a + +λ τ Fb F a λ b F b a F a b a F a +b. e R 1. d =,τ 1 ϑ ǫp cons = e R µ 1, P 1 ϑ ǫp cons ϑ P ϑ. e R µ e R µ λ = π. a =,τ 1 λ, 1 ϑ ǫp cons P,b ϑ,. = in τ + 1,d λ. Here, a is obtained by variable transfor u = x. Then, b coes fro the linear approxiation technique Q ǫp 1+ 1 ϑ cons P u +µ R ϑ 8 V τ,λ x with 1 x < a, 1 V τ,λ x = λ x τ a x b, x > b, where λ defined in 8 is obtained by taking the derivative of Q ǫp 1+ 1 ϑ cons P u +µ R ϑ 9 at point u = τ. Then, c is obtained by the first order Rieann integral approxiation x x 1 fxdx x x 1 f x1+x. Also, F x = 1 Q ν M ω, ω x is the CDF of the Rician variable with Q M, being the Marcu Q function. Finally, it is interesting to note that 1 N li N j=1 i=1 1+c rp FSO G FSO,1+j 1i = E{1+c r P FSO G FSO },. Intuitively, this eans that for asyptotically large values of N, i.e., significantly shorter coherence tie of the FSO link copared to the one in the link, the AMI of the FSO link converges to its ergodic capacity E{1 + c r P FSO G FSO }. Thus, in this case the -FSO link is apped to an equivalent wave-based link in which successful decoding of the rate equal to the ergodic capacity of the FSO link is always guaranteed. Also, as a second-order approxiation, the probabilities φ, = 1,...,M, are approxiated as 1+ 1 ϑ ǫp cons P R µ φ Pr ϑg = 1 Q M ν ω, e R µ 1. 1 ǫp ω 1 ϑ cons P ϑ Using 8-1, one can find the probabilities φ, = 1,...,M, and, consequently, the throughput and the outage probability of the -FSO syste. In Section IV, we verify the accuracy of our derived analytical results and investigate the effect of different paraeters such as the PAs efficiency, the FSO link pointing errors, different sybol rates/coherence ties of the and FSO links and different FSO-based data transission techniques on the throughput/outage probability of -FSO systes. IV. NUMERICAL RESULTS In all figures, we set α = , β =.5636 which correspond to Rytov variance 1 of the FSO link in the cases with no pointing error [14]. Also, the paraeters of Rician PDF in are set to ω =.736,ν =.995, leading to unit ean and variance of the channel gain distribution f G x. Finally, SNR is defined as 1 1 P with P = P FSO +P cons, and we set P FSO = P cons in all figures. Then, using 3, we can find the transission power of the link P for every given P cons. In Fig. 3, we consider an ideal PA, corresponding to ǫ = 1,ϑ =,P = in 3, while the effect of iperfect PAs is studied in Figs Particularly, Fig. 3 verifies the accuracy of the approxiation techniques 8 and 1, and investigates the outage probability in the cases without M = 1 and with HARQ M = 3. Here, the results are obtained for the heterodyne detection technique and we set R = 1 npcu,n = 1,ξ =.9,ψ =.3. In Fig. 4, we investigate the effect of iperfect PAs on the syste throughput 4. Particularly, considering heterodyne detection, R =.5 npcu,n = 1,ξ =.9, and ψ =.3, the figure copares the throughput in the cases with an ideal ǫ = 1,ϑ =,P = and non-ideal ǫ =.65,ϑ = = 18 db [4] PA. Then, Fig. 5 studies the effect of pointing error in the FSO link, and the outage probability is derived for different values of pointing error paraeter ξ. Here, the results are obtained for heterodyne detection technique and we set R = 3 npcu,n = 1,ψ =.5,ϑ =.5,P.5,ǫ =.65,P = 3 db. Finally, Fig. 6 evaluates the outage probability for different data transission techniques in the FSO link and coherence ties of the and FSO links. The results of the figure are presented for R = 1 npcu,m = 1,ψ =,ϑ =.5,ǫ =.65,P = 18 db,p = 18 db,ξ = 1., and the nubers of channel realizations N for which central liit theore provides accurate approxiation for the rando variable Y r,,n in 5. According to the results, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1 The analytical results of 8 and 1 accurately iic the exact nuerical results, and the difference between the approxiation-based and exact results is negligible for a broad range of SNRs/paraeter settings Fig. 3. Therefore, 8 and 1 can effectively be used to investigate the perforance of -FSO links analytically. Finally, note that in Figs. 4-6 the results are plotted based on exact evaluation of 8. However, we have checked the results with the ones obtained via approxiations 8 and 1, and in all cases the approxiation results are very tight. With different paraeter settings, the ipleentation of HARQ leads to significant outage probability and energy
5 efficiency iproveent Fig. 3. For instance, with the paraeter settings of Fig. 3 and the outage probability 1, the ipleentation of HARQ with a iu of M = 3 retransissions reduces the required power by alost 8 db, copared to the cases with openloop counication M = 1. On the other hand, in harony with the results on links [13], the HARQ ay decrease the throughput of the -FSO links Fig. 4. However, the throughput degradation is negligible for a broad range of paraeter settings. 4 The PAs inefficiency affects the perforance of - FSO systes significantly Fig. 4. For instance, with the paraeter settings of Fig. 4, M = 1 and P = 6 db, the inefficiency of the PA reduces the achievable throughput fro.4 npcu to.15 npcu, i.e., 15% throughput loss. However, the effect of iperfect PAs decreases with the SNR. This is intuitively because the effective efficiency ϑ of the PAs ǫ effective = ǫ P P increases with the SNR. 5 The outage probability of the -FSO syste is sensitive to severe pointing errors of the FSO link, i.e., sall values of ξ. However, the effect of pointing error is negligible for oderate/large values of ξ, i.e., when the pointing error is negligible Fig. 5. Also, with the paraeter settings of Fig. 5, the outage probability achieved with severe pointing errors ξ =.1 and M = HARQ-based retransission rounds is less than one in the open-loop setups M = 1 and no pointing error ξ. Thus, the HARQ can effectively be used to copensate the effect of pointing errors in -FSO links. 6 As expected, better syste perforance is achieved by the ipleentation of heterodyne technique, copared to IM/DD technique Fig. 6. Also, the outage probability decreases with increasing the nuber of channel realizations in the FSO link N Fig. 6. This is intuitively because ore tie diversity is exploited by the HARQ when the channel changes during the data transission. Finally, in harony with the intuitive understandings of 1, the syste perforance becoes insensitive to the nuber of channel realizations in the FSO link as N increases. V. CONCLUSION In this paper, we studied the data transission efficiency of wave-based -FSO links in the cases with and without HARQ feedback. Considering pointing errors in the FSO link and iperfect power aplifiers in the link, we derived closed-for expressions for the essage decoding probabilities, throughput and outage probability of the - FSO systes. The results show that, while the throughput is not necessarily increasing by HARQ, substantial outage probability reduction is achieved by the ipleentation of HARQ protocols. Moreover, the inefficiency of the power aplifiers deteriorates the perforance of -FSO systes considerably. Therefore, the properties of the power aplifiers should be carefully considered in the network design. Finally, Outage probability M=3 M=1 Exact result Approxiation result of 8 Approxiation result of 1 Heterodyne detection, ψ=.3, ξ=.9 R=1, N=1 8 db gain SNR, 1 P db 1 Figure 3. On the tightness of the approxiation results. Heterodyne detection technique, R = 1 npcu,n = 1,ξ =.9, and ψ =.3. Throughput npcu Ideal power aplifier Heterodyne detection, ξ=.9, ψ=.3, N=1 M=1 M= M=3 Iperfect power aplifier, ϑ=.5, ε=.65, P =18 db SNR 1 P db 1 Figure 4. Throughput for different types and power aplifiers and iu nubers of retransissions M. Heterodyne detection technique, R =.5 npcu,n = 1,ξ =.9, and ψ =.3. the HARQ can be effectively utilized to copensate the effect of pointing errors in the FSO link. REFERENCES [1] M. Usan, H. C. Yang, and M.-S. Alouini, Practical switchingbased hybrid FSO/ transission and its perforance analysis, IEEE Photon. J., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1 13, Oct. 14. [] H. Wu, B. Hazeh, and M. Kavehrad, Achieving carrier class availability of FSO link via a copleentary link, in Proc. IEEE Asiloar 4, California, USA, Nov. 4, pp [3] Y. Tang and M. Brandt-Pearce, Link allocation, routing and scheduling of FSO augented wireless esh networks, in Proc. IEEE ICC 1, Ottawa, Canada, June 1, pp [4] K. Kuar and D. K. Borah, Hybrid FSO/ sybol appings: Merging high speed FSO with low speed through BICM-ID, in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM 1, California, USA, Dec. 1, pp [5] N. Letzepis, K. D. Nguyen, A. Guillen i Fabregas, and W. G. Cowley, Outage analysis of the hybrid free-space optical and radio-frequency channel, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Coun., vol. 7, no. 9, pp , Dec. 9. [6] S. Vangala and H. Pishro-Nik, A highly reliable FSO/ counication syste using efficient codes, in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM 7, Washington, DC, USA, Nov. 7, pp
6 Outage probability Heterodyne detection, R=3,ψ=.5, N=1, ϑ=.5, ε=.65, P =3 db P=7 db P=3 db M=1 M= Pointing error paraeter ξ Figure 5. Outage probability for different pointing errors in the FSO links. Heterodyne detection technique, R = 3 npcu, N = 1, ψ =.5, ϑ =.5,ǫ =.65, and P = 3 db. Outage probability M=1, ϑ=.5, ε=.65, P =18 db, R=1, ψ=, ξ=1., P=18 db IM/DD technique Heterodyne technique Nuber of channel realizations of the FSO link, N Figure 6. Outage probability for different nubers of channel realizations of the FSO links N. The paraeters are set to R = 1 npcu,m = 1,ψ =,ϑ =.5,ǫ =.65,P = 18 db,p = 18 db, and ξ = 1.. [7] I. B. Djordjevic, B. Vasic, and M. A. Neifeld, Power efficient LDPCcoded odulation for free-space optical counication over the atospheric turbulence channel, in Proc. OFC/NFOEC 7, Anahei, CA, USA, March 7, pp [8] B. He and R. Schober, Bit-interleaved coded odulation for hybrid /FSO systes, IEEE Trans. Coun., vol. 57, no. 1, pp , Dec. 9. [9] G. Caire and D. Tuninetti, The throughput of hybrid-arq protocols for the Gaussian collision channel, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 47, no. 5, pp , July 1. [1] H. E. Gaal, G. Caire, and M. O. Daen, The MIMO ARQ channel: Diversity-ultiplexing-delay tradeoff, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 5, no. 8, pp , Aug. 6. [11] B. Makki and T. Eriksson, On the perforance of MIMO-ARQ systes with channel state inforation at the receiver, IEEE Trans. Coun., vol. 6, no. 5, pp , May 14. [1] D. Tuninetti, On the benefits of partial channel state inforation for repetition protocols in block fading channels, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 57, no. 8, pp , Aug. 11. [13] B. Makki, A. Graell i Aat, and T. Eriksson, HARQ feedback in spectru sharing networks, IEEE Coun. Lett., vol. 16, no. 9, pp , 1. [14] S. M. Aghajanzadeh and M. Uysal, Inforation theoretic analysis of hybrid-arq protocols in coherent free-space optical systes, IEEE Trans. Coun., vol. 6, no. 5, pp , May 1. [15], Outage analysis of hybrid-arq protocols in coherent free-space optical counications, in Proc. IEEE PIMRC 11, Toronto, Canada, Sept. 11, pp [16] C. Kose and T. R. Halford, Increental redundancy hybrid ARQ protocol design for FSO links, in Proc. IEEE MILCOM 9, Boston, USA, Oct. 9, pp [17] K. Kiasaleh, Hybrid ARQ for FSO counications through turbulent atosphere, IEEE Coun. Lett., vol. 14, no. 9, pp , Sept. 1. [18] A. R. Haons and F. Davidson, On the design of autoatic repeat request protocols for turbulent free-space optical links, in Proc. IEEE MILCOM 1, California, USA, Oct. 1, pp [19] A. Abdulhussein, A. Oka, T. T. Nguyen, and L. Lape, Rateless coding for hybrid free-space optical and radio-frequency counication, IEEE Trans. Wireless Coun., vol. 9, no. 3, pp , March 1. [] J. Perez-Rairez and D. K. Borah, Design and analysis of bit selections in HARQ algorith for hybrid FSO/ channels, in Proc. IEEE VTC Spring 13, Dresden, Gerany, June 13, pp [1] B. Makki, T. Svensson, T. Eriksson, and M.-S. Alouini, On the perforance of HARQ-based -FSO links, in Proc. IEEE GLOBE- COM 15, San Diego, CA, USA, Dec. 15, presented. [] I. S. Ansari, F. Yilaz, and M.-S. Alouini, Perforance analysis of free-space optical links over Malaga M turbulence channels with pointing errors, IEEE Trans. Wireless Coun., 15, in press. [3] W. Gappair, Further results on the capacity of free-space optical channels in turbulent atosphere, IET Coun., vol. 5, no. 9, pp , June 11. [4] B. Makki, T. Svensson, T. Eriksson, and M. Nasiri-Kenari, On the throughput and outage probability of ulti-relay networks with iperfect power aplifiers, IEEE Trans. Wireless Coun., 15, in press. [5] S. Mikai, T. Takeuchi, H. Kawaguchi, C. Ohta, and M. Yoshioto, An efficiency degradation odel of power aplifier and the ipact against transission power control for wireless sensor networks, in Proc. RWS 7, Long Beach, CA, USA, Jan. 7, pp [6] H. G. Sandalidis, T. A. Tsiftsis, G. K. Karagiannidis, and M. Uysal, BER perforance of FSO links over strong atospheric turbulence channels with pointing errors, IEEE Coun. Lett., vol. 1, no. 1, pp , Jan. 8. [7] I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series and Products. New York: Acadeic Press,. [8] European Coission 5G project, -wave based obile radio access network for 5G integrated counications, [9] C. E. Mayer, B. E. Jaeger, R. K. Crane, and X. Wang, Ka-band scintillations: Measureents and odel predictions, Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, no. 6, pp , Jun [3] A. El Gaal and Y.-H. Ki, Lecture Notes on Network Inforation Theory, 1, [Online]. Available at [31] A. Chaaban, J. M. Morvan, and M. S. Alouini, Free-space optical counications: Capacity bounds, approxiations, and a new sphere-packing perspective, IEEE Trans. Coun., 16, available at: [3] S. Arnon, J. Barry, G. Karagiannidis, R. Schober, and M. Uysal, Advanced Optical Wireless Counications Systes. Cabridge University Press, 13. [33] A. Lapidoth, S. M. Moser, and M. A. Wigger, On the capacity of free-space optical intensity channels, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 55, no. 1, pp , Oct. 9.
Chalmers Publication Library
Chalers Publication Library HARQ Feedback in Spectru Sharing Networks This docuent has been downloaded fro Chalers Publication Library CPL. It is the author s version of a work that was accepted for publication
More informationChalmers Publication Library
Chalmers Publication Library On the Performance of HARQ-Based RF-FSO Links This document has been downloaded from Chalmers Publication Library CPL. It is the author s version of a work that was accepted
More informationAn orthogonal multi-beam based MIMO scheme. for multi-user wireless systems
An orthogonal ulti-bea based IO schee for ulti-user wireless systes Dong-chan Oh o and Yong-Hwan Lee School of Electrical Engineering and IC, Seoul ational University Kwana P.O. Box 34, Seoul, 151-600,
More informationTransmit Power and Bit Allocations for OFDM Systems in a Fading Channel
Transit Power and Bit Allocations for OFD Systes in a Fading Channel Jiho Jang *, Kwang Bok Lee, and Yong-Hwan Lee * Sasung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon P.O.Box, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 44-74, Korea School
More informationOutage Probability of Alamouti based Cooperative Communications with Multiple Relay Nodes using Network Coding
Outage Probability of Alaouti based Cooperative Counications with Multiple Relay Nodes using Network Coding Gordhan Das Menghwar and Christoph F. Mecklenbräuker 2 Inforation Technology Centre Sindh Agriculture
More informationCooperative Hybrid-ARQ Protocols: Unified Frameworks for Protocol Analysis
Cooperative Hybrid-ARQ Protocols: Unified Fraeworks for Protocol Analysis Ilu Byun and Kwang Soon Ki Cooperative hybrid-autoatic repeat request (HARQ) protocols, which can exploit the spatial and teporal
More informationA soft decision decoding of product BCH and Reed-Müller codes for error control and peak-factor reduction in OFDM
A soft decision decoding of product BCH and Reed-Müller codes for error control and pea-factor reduction in OFDM Yves LOUET *, Annic LE GLAUNEC ** and Pierre LERAY ** * PhD Student and ** Professors, Departent
More informationRelation between C/N Ratio and S/N Ratio
Relation between C/N Ratio and S/N Ratio In our discussion in the past few lectures, we have coputed the C/N ratio of the received signals at different points of the satellite transission syste. The C/N
More informationPerformance Analysis of Atmospheric Field Conjugation Adaptive Arrays
Perforance Analysis of Atospheric Field Conjugation Adaptive Arrays Aniceto Belonte* a, Joseph M. Kahn b a Technical Univ. of Catalonia, Dept. of Signal Theory and Coun., 08034 Barcelona, Spain; b Stanford
More informationUsing Adaptive Modulation in a LEO Satellite Communication System
Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 27 255 Using Adaptive Modulation in a LEO Satellite Counication Syste L. HADJ
More informationOptical fiber beamformer for processing two independent simultaneous RF beams
Optical fiber beaforer for processing two independent siultaneous RF beas M. Jaeger, S. Granieri *, and A. Siahakoun Departent of Physics and Optical Engineering, Rose-Hulan Institute of Technology Terre
More informationEnergy-Efficient Cellular Communications Powered by Smart Grid Technology
Energy-Efficient Cellular Counications Powered by Sart Grid Technology Itiaz Nasi, Mostafa Zaan Chowdhury, and Md. Syadus Sefat Departent of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering
More informationCOMBINED FREQUENCY AND SPATIAL DOMAINS POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR MIMO-OFDM TRANSMISSION
The 8th nnual IEEE International Syposiu on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Counications (PIMRC 07) COMINED FREQUENCY ND SPTIL DOMINS POWER DISTRIUTION FOR MIMO-OFDM TRNSMISSION Wladiir ocquet, Kazunori
More informationInvestigating Multiple Alternating Cooperative Broadcasts to Enhance Network Longevity
Investigating Multiple Alternating Cooperative Broadcasts to Enhance Network Longevity Aravind Kailas School of Electrical and Coputer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 3033-050,
More informationA Novel Link Error Prediction Model for OFDM Systems with HARQ
A Novel Link Error Prediction Model for OFDM Systes with HARQ Josep Colo Ikuno, Christian Mehlführer, Markus Rupp Institute of Counications and Radio-Frequency Engineering Vienna University of Technology,
More informationKeywords Frequency-domain equalization, antenna diversity, multicode DS-CDMA, frequency-selective fading
Joint Frequency-doain Equalization and Antenna Diversity Cobining for Orthogonal Multicode DS-CDMA Signal Transissions in A Frequency-selective Fading Channel Taeshi ITAGAKI *1 and Fuiyui ADACHI *2 Dept.
More informationCapacity and BER Analysis of FSO Link in Adverse Weather Conditions over K-Distribution
Volume 119 No. 1 18, 139-147 ISSN: 1311-88 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Capacity and BER Analysis of FSO Link in Adverse Weather Conditions over
More informationELEC2202 Communications Engineering Laboratory Frequency Modulation (FM)
ELEC Counications Engineering Laboratory ---- Frequency Modulation (FM) 1. Objectives On copletion of this laboratory you will be failiar with: Frequency odulators (FM), Modulation index, Bandwidth, FM
More informationPerformance Evaluation of UWB Sensor Network with Aloha Multiple Access Scheme
1 Perforance Evaluation of UWB Sensor Network with Aloha Multiple Access Schee Roeo Giuliano 1 and Franco Mazzenga 2 1 RadioLabs Consorzio Università Industria, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roe, Italy,
More informationIntroduction Traditionally, studying outage or cellular systes has been based on the signal-to-intererence ratio (SIR) dropping below a required thres
Miniu Duration Outages in Rayleigh Fading Channels Jie Lai and Narayan B. Mandaya WINLAB, Rutgers University 73 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ 8854-86 Eail: jlai@winlab.rutgers.edu, narayan@winlab.rutgers.edu
More informationMulticarrier Interleave-Division Multiple Access Communication in Multipath Channels
Multicarrier Interleave-Division Multiple Access Counication in Multipath Channels Habib ur Rehan *, Muhaad Naee **, Iran Zaa *, Syed Isail Shah ** * Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering (CASE) Islaabad
More informationEnhanced Algorithm for MIESM
Recent Patents on Signal Processing, 9,, -7 Enhanced Algorith for MIESM R. Sandanalakshi *, Shahid Mutaz * and Kazi Saidul * Open Access University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal Abstract: The link adaptation
More informationIntermediate-Node Initiated Reservation (IIR): A New Signaling Scheme for Wavelength-Routed Networks with Sparse Conversion
Interediate-Node Initiated Reservation IIR): A New Signaling Schee for Wavelength-Routed Networks with Sparse Conversion Kejie Lu, Jason P. Jue, Tiucin Ozugur, Gaoxi Xiao, and Irich Chlatac The Center
More informationSECURITY AND BER PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFF IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
Latin Aerican Applied Research 39:187-192 (2009) SECURITY AND BER PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFF IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS L. ARNONE, C. GONZÁLEZ, C. GAYOSO, J. CASTIÑEIRA MOREIRA and M. LIBERATORI
More informationA New Simple Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels
A New Siple Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels A. Abdi, W. C. Lau, M.-S. Alouini, and M. Kaveh Dept. of Elec. and Cop. Eng., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Eails: {abdi, wlau, alouini,
More informationRAKE Receiver. Tommi Heikkilä S Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications, Autumn II.
S-72333 Postgraduate Course in Radio Counications, Autun 2004 1 RAKE Receiver Toi Heikkilä toiheikkila@teliasoneraco Abstract RAKE receiver is used in CDMA-based (Code Division Multiple Access) systes
More informationPerformance Analysis of an AMC System with an Iterative V-BLAST Decoding Algorithm
I. J. Counications, Network and Syste Sciences, 008,, 105-06 Published Online May 008 in SciRes (http://www.srpublishing.org/journal/ijcns/). Perforance Analysis of an AMC Syste with an Iterative V-BLAST
More informationKalman Filtering for NLOS Mitigation and Target Tracking in Indoor Wireless Environment
16 Kalan Filtering for NLOS Mitigation and Target Tracking in Indoor Wireless Environent Chin-Der Wann National Sun Yat-Sen University Taiwan 1. Introduction Kalan filter and its nonlinear extension, extended
More informationSuccess Probability of Millimeter-Wave D2D Networks with Heterogeneous Antenna Arrays
Success Probability of Millieter-Wave D2D Networks with Heterogeneous Antenna Arrays Na Deng, Yi Sun School of Inforation & Counication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian, Liaoning, 11624,
More informationPower-Efficient Resource Allocation for MC-NOMA with Statistical Channel State Information
Power-Efficient Resource Allocation for MC-NOMA with Statistical Channel State Inforation Zhiqiang Wei, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, and Jinhong Yuan School of Electrical Engineering and Telecounications, The
More informationStudy and Implementation of Complementary Golay Sequences for PAR reduction in OFDM signals
Study and Ipleentation of Copleentary Golay Sequences for PAR reduction in OFDM signals Abstract In this paper soe results of PAR reduction in OFDM signals and error correction capabilities by using Copleentary
More informationIterative Receiver Signal Processing for Joint Mitigation of Transmitter and Receiver Phase Noise in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Link
Iterative Receiver Signal Processing for Joint Mitigation of Transitter and Receiver Phase Noise in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Link Ville Syrjälä and Mikko Valkaa Departent of Counications Engineering
More informationNotes on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Notes on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Discrete Fourier ransfor As a reinder, the analytic fors of Fourier and inverse Fourier transfors are X f x t t, f dt x t exp j2 ft dt (.) where
More informationSpectrum Sensing in Low SNR: Diversity Combining and Cooperative Communications
0 6th International Conference on Industrial and Inforation Systes, ICIIS 0, Aug. 6-9, 0, Sri Lanka Spectru Sensing in Low SR: Diversity Cobining and Cooperative Counications Saan Atapattu, Chintha Tellabura,
More informationA Selection Region Based Routing Protocol for Random Mobile ad hoc Networks with Directional Antennas
A Selection Region Based Routing Protocol for Rando Mobile ad hoc Networks with Directional Antennas arxiv:1011.6017v1 cs.it] 8 Nov 010 Di Li, Changchuan Yin, and Changhai Chen Key Laboratory of Universal
More informationCognitive full-duplex relay networks under the peak interference power constraint of multiple primary users
Cognitive full-duplex relay networs under the pea interference power constraint of ultiple priary users Doan, X-T., Nguyen, N-P., Yin, C., da Costa, D. B., & Duong, T. Q. 217. Cognitive full-duplex relay
More informationFiber Bragg grating based four-bit optical beamformer
Fiber Bragg grating based four-bit optical beaforer Sean Durrant a, Sergio Granieri a, Azad Siahakoun a, Bruce Black b a Departent of Physics and Optical Engineering b Departent of Electrical and Coputer
More informationAdaptive Harmonic IIR Notch Filter with Varying Notch Bandwidth and Convergence Factor
Journal of Counication and Coputer (4 484-49 doi:.765/548-779/4.6. D DAVID PUBLISHING Adaptive Haronic IIR Notch Filter with Varying Notch Bandwidth and Convergence Factor Li Tan, Jean Jiang, and Liango
More informationResearch Letter Chip-Level HARQ Chase Combining for HSUPA
Research Letters in Counications Volue 29, Article ID 23276, 4 pages doi:11155/29/23276 Research Letter Chip-Level HARQ Chase Cobining for HSUPA Mohaed Et Tolba, 1, 2 Sair Saoudi, 1, 2 Raphaël Visoz, 3
More informationInternational Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 3, September, 2013 MC-DS-CDMA
International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 3, Septeber, 2013 Analysis of Carrier Frequency Selective Offset Estiation - Using Zero-IF and ZCZ In MC-DS-CDMA Venkatachala.
More informationPower Optimal Signaling for Fading Multi-access Channel in Presence of Coding Gap
Power Optial Signaling for Fading Multi-access Channel in Presence of Coding Gap Ankit Sethi, Prasanna Chaporkar, and Abhay Karandikar Abstract In a ulti-access fading channel, dynaic allocation of bandwidth,
More informationA New Localization and Tracking Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Internet of Things
Sensors & Transducers 203 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.co A New Localization and Tracking Algorith for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Internet of Things, 2 Zhang Feng, Xue Hui-Feng, 2 Zhang Yong-Heng,
More informationLETTER Adaptive Multi-Stage Parallel Interference Cancellation Receiver for Multi-Rate DS-CDMA System
IEICE TRANS. COMMUN., VOL.E87 B, NO.8 AUGUST 2004 2401 LETTER Adaptive Multi-Stage Parallel Interference Cancellation Receiver for Multi-Rate DS-CDMA Syste Seung Hee HAN a), Student Meber and Jae Hong
More informationTransmit Beamforming and Iterative Water-Filling Based on SLNR for OFDMA Systems
Transit Beaforing and Iterative Water-Filling Based on SLNR for OFDMA Systes Kazunori Hayashi, Megui Kaneko, Takeshi Fui, Hideaki Sakai Graduate School of Inforatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honachi
More informationSimplified Analysis and Design of MIMO Ad Hoc Networks
Siplified Analysis and Design of MIMO Ad Hoc Networks Sunil Srinivasa and Martin Haenggi Departent of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dae Notre Dae, IN 46556, USA Eail: {ssriniv, haenggi}@nd.edu
More informationA Novel TDS-FDMA Scheme for Multi-User Uplink Scenarios
A Novel TDS-FDMA Schee for Multi-User Uplink Scenarios Linglong Dai, Zhaocheng Wang, Jun Wang, and Zhixing Yang Tsinghua National Laboratory for Inforation Science and Technology, Electronics Engineering
More informationThe PAPR and Simple PAPR Reduction of the 2D Spreading Based Communication Systems
RADIOENGINEERING, VOL. 9, NO., APRIL 7 The PAPR and Siple PAPR Reduction of the D Spreading Based Counication Systes Jiří BLUMENSTEIN, Zbyněk FEDRA Dept. of Radio Electronics, Brno University of Technology,
More informationDistributed Resource Allocation for Proportional Fairness in Multi-Band Wireless Systems
Distributed Resource Allocation for Proportional Fairness in Multi-Band Wireless Systes I-Hong Hou CSL and Departent of CS University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801, USA ihou2@illinois.edu Piyush Gupta Bell
More informationANALYSIS OF BIT ERROR RATE IN FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
ANALYSIS OF BIT ERROR RATE IN FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Pawan Kumar 1, Sudhanshu Kumar 2, V. K. Srivastava 3 NIET, Greater Noida, UP, (India) ABSTRACT During the past five years, the commercial
More informationReceive Antenna Subset Selection For Time-Varying Channels Using Slepian Subspace Projections
Globeco - Wireless Counications Syposiu Receive Antenna Subset Selection For Tie-Varying Channels Using Slepian Subspace Projections Hassan A Abou Saleh and Steven D Blostein Departent of Electrical and
More informationPerformance of Multiuser MIMO System Employing Block Diagonalization with Antenna Selection at Mobile Stations
Perforance of Multiuser MIMO Syste Eploying Bloc Diagonalization with Antenna Selection at Mobile Stations Feng Wang, Mare E. Bialowsi School of Inforation Technology and Electrical Engineering The University
More informationMOBILE OPTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE CONTINUOUS MONITORING USING IR TECHNOLOGY
31 st August 015. Vol.78. No.3 005-015 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved. ISSN: 199-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195 MOBILE OPTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE CONTINUOUS MONITORING USING IR TECHNOLOGY
More informationPOWER QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING TWO STAGE NONLINEAR ESTIMATION NUMERICAL ALGORITHM
POWER QUALITY ASSESSENT USING TWO STAGE NONLINEAR ESTIATION NUERICAL ALGORITH Vladiir Terzia ABB Gerany vadiir.terzia@de.abb.co Vladiir Stanoevic EPS Yugoslavia vla_sta@hotail.co artin axiini ABB Gerany
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) STUDY OF DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERIC CHANNEL MODELS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print)
More informationNew Adaptive Linear Combination Structure for Tracking/Estimating Phasor and Frequency of Power System
28 Journal of Electrical Engineering & echnology Vol. 5, No., pp. 28~35, 2 New Adaptive Linear Cobination Structure for racking/estiating Phasor and Frequency of Power Syste Choowong-Wattanasakpubal and
More informationREPORT ITU-R SA Telecommunication characteristics and requirements for space VLBI systems
Rep. ITU-R SA.2132 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2132 Telecounication characteristics and requireents for space VLBI systes (2008) This Report describes the characteristics of the space VLBI systes. These characteristics
More information4G Communication Resource Analysis with Adaptive Physical Layer Technique
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volue 33 uber - March 206 4G Counication Resource Analysis with Adaptive Physical Layer Technique Mubinul Haque, Dr. Md. Abu Bakar Siddiqui
More informationInterference Management in LTE Femtocell Systems Using Fractional Frequency Reuse
Interference Manageent in LTE Fetocell Systes Using Fractional Frequency Reuse Poongup Lee and Jitae Shin School of Inforation and Counication Engineering Sungyunwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea {poongup,
More informationEFFECTS OF MASKING ANGLE AND MULTIPATH ON GALILEO PERFORMANCES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
1 EFFECTS OF MASKING ANGLE AND MULTIPATH ON GALILEO PERFORMANCES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS M. Malicorne*, M. Bousquet**, V. Calettes*** SUPAERO, 1 avenue Edouard Belin BP 43, 3155 Toulouse Cedex, France.
More informationResearch Article Dynamic Beamforming for Three-Dimensional MIMO Technique in LTE-Advanced Networks
Antennas and Propagation Volue 213, Article ID 76457, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/213/76457 Research Article Dynaic Beaforing for Three-Diensional MIMO Technique in LTE-Advanced Networks Yan Li, Xiaodong
More informationA Novel NLOS Mitigation Approach for Wireless Positioning System
2 3rd International Conference on Coputer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2) IPCSIT vol. 53 (22) (22) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI:.7763/IPCSIT.22.V53.No..54 A Novel NLOS Mitigation Approach for Wireless
More informationOptimal Modulation Index of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator in a Coherent Optical OFDM System Employing Digital Predistortion
Optial Modulation Index of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator in a Coherent Optical OFDM yste Eploying Digital redistortion David Rörich, Xiaojie Wang, Michael Bernhard, Joachi peidel Universität tuttgart, Institut
More informationPublished in: ICWMC 2015, The Eleventh International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications
Aalborg Universitet Throughput Analysis of Full Duplex Counication with Asyetric Traffic in Sall Cell Systes Mahood, Nurul Huda; Berardinelli, Gilberto; Mogensen, Preben Elgaard; Frederiksen, Frank Published
More informationPhase Noise Modelling and Mitigation Techniques in OFDM Communications Systems
Phase Noise Modelling and Mitigation Techniques in OFDM Counications Systes Ville Syrjälä, Mikko Valkaa, Nikolay N. Tchaov, and Jukka Rinne Tapere University of Technology Departent of Counications Engineering
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 10M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors
More informationPREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK
PREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? W Wei A Cooke J Havie-Clark Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead,
More informationORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become the most popular multicarrier
IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 1 MultipleInput MultipleOutput OFDM with Index Modulation Ertuğrul Başar, Meber, IEEE Abstract arxiv:1510.06141v1 [cs.it] 1 Oct 015 Orthogonal frequency division ultiplexing
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Technology 24 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.co ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 4 (16 ) 834 841 International Conference on Eerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICETEST - 15) An Intensity
More informationRelay Deployment for AF-MIMO Two-Way Relaying Networks with Antenna Selection
Journal of Counications Vol 9, o 7, July 04 elay Deployent for AF-MIMO Two-Way elaying etworks with Antenna Selection Yizhen Zhang,, Guobing Li, Guoei Zhang, Ganging Lv, and Chao Zhang, School of Electronics
More informationPARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF THE ADAPTIVE MVDR QR-BASED BEAMFORMER FOR JAMMING AND MULTIPATH SUPRESSION IN GPS/GLONASS RECEIVERS
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF THE ADAPTIVE MVDR QR-BASED BEAMFORMER FOR JAMMING AND MULTIPATH SUPRESSION IN GPS/GLONASS RECEIVERS V. Behar 1, Ch. Kabakchiev 2, G. Gaydadjiev 3, G.Kuzanov 4, P. Ganchosov 5
More informationEnergy Efficient Space Time Line Coded Regenerative Two-Way Relay Under Per-Antenna Power Constraints
SPECIAL SECTION ON GREEN SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Received July 29, 2018, accepted August 20, 2018, date of publication August 23, 2018, date of current version Septeber
More informationOn the Reverse Link Capacity of cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Systems
On the Reverse Link Capacity of cda High Rate Packet Data Systes Eduardo Esteves QUALCOMM Incorporated 5775 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 911-1714 Abstract cda high rate packet data standard, also known
More informationOverlapping Signal Separation in DPX Spectrum Based on EM Algorithm. Chuandang Liu 1, a, Luxi Lu 1, b
nd International Worshop on Materials Engineering and Coputer Sciences (IWMECS 015) Overlapping Signal Separation in DPX Spectru Based on EM Algorith Chuandang Liu 1, a, Luxi Lu 1, b 1 National Key Laboratory
More informationCharacterization and Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Communications Channels for Frequency-Shift-Keying Signals
Characterization and Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Counications Channels for Frequency-Shift-Keying Signals Wen-Bin Yang and T.C. Yang Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 375 USA Abstract In a fading
More informationOverlapped frequency-time division multiplexing
April 29, 16(2): 8 13 www.sciencedirect.co/science/journal/158885 he Journal of China Universities of Posts and elecounications www.buptjournal.cn/xben Overlapped frequency-tie division ultiplexing JIANG
More informationEfficient QoS Provisioning for Free-Space MIMO Optical Links over Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading Channels
International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE) www.ijstre.com Volume 1 Issue 6 ǁ September 16. Efficient QoS Provisioning for Free-Space MIMO Optical Links over Atmospheric
More informationAnalysis and Comparison of Time Replica and Time Linear Interpolation for Pilot Aided Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems
Int J Counications Networ and Syste Sciences 010 3 446-45 doi:10436/ijcns01035059 Published Online May 010 (http://wwwsciporg/journal/ijcns/) Analysis and Coparison of Tie eplica and Tie inear Interpolation
More informationAd Hoc Networks. Opportunistic reliability for cognitive radio sensor actor networks in smart grid. Ozgur Ergul, A. Ozan Bicen, Ozgur B.
Ad Hoc Networks 41 (2016) 5 14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ad Hoc Networks journal hoepage: www.elsevier.co/locate/adhoc Opportunistic reliability for cognitive radio sensor actor networks
More informationModulation Selection from a Battery Power Efficiency Perspective
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COUNICATIONS, VOL. 58, NO. 7, JULY 21 197 odulation Selection fro a Battery Power Efficiency Perspective Dongliang Duan, Student eber, IEEE, Fengzhong Qu, eber, IEEE, Liuqing Yang,
More informationReal Time Etch-depth Measurement Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (8): -7, 1 ISSN 1991-8178 Real Tie Etch-depth Measureent Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor 1 Reza Hosseini, Navid Rahany, 3 Behrad Soltanbeigi, Rouzbeh
More informationPower Improvement in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Embedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3
Power Iproveent in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Ebedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3 1 Departent of ECE, GTBKIET, Chhapianwali Malout, Punjab 2 Director, Principal,
More informationGroup Secret Key Generation in Wireless Networks: Algorithms and Rate Optimization
Group Secret Key Generation in Wireless Networks: Algoriths and Rate Optiization Peng Xu, Kanapathippillai Cuanan, Meber, IEEE, Zhiguo Ding, Senior, Meber, IEEE, Xuchu Dai and Kin K. Leung Fellow, IEEE
More informationSpace-Frequency Block Code for MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems with Reconfigurable. antennas.
Space-Frequency Block Code for MIMO-OFDM Counication Systes with Reconfigurable Antennas arxiv:15080334v1 csit 13 Aug 2015 Vida Vakilian Jean-François Frigon and Sébastien Roy École Polytechnique de Montréal
More information2. Continuous-wave modulation
. Continuous-wave odulation 1. Appliation goal We study representations in tie and frequeny doain for two types of ontinuous wave odulation: aplitude odulation (AM) and frequeny odulation (FM).. Continuous-wave
More informationComparison Between PLAXIS Output and Neural Network in the Guard Walls
Coparison Between PLAXIS Output and Neural Network in the Guard Walls Ali Mahbod 1, Abdolghafar Ghorbani Pour 2, Abdollah Tabaroei 3, Sina Mokhtar 2 1- Departent of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University,
More informationarxiv: v2 [cs.it] 29 Mar 2014
1 Spectral Efficiency and Outage Performance for Hybrid D2D-Infrastructure Uplink Cooperation Ahmad Abu Al Haija and Mai Vu Abstract arxiv:1312.2169v2 [cs.it] 29 Mar 2014 We propose a time-division uplink
More informationOn Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with MIMO MMSE Receivers Jing Ma, Member, IEEE and Ying Jun (Angela) Zhang, Member, IEEE
On Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networs with MIMO MMSE Receivers Jing Ma, Meber, IEEE and Ying Jun (Angela) Zhang, Meber, IEEE Dept. of Inforation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong ong, Hong ong
More informationPrecise Indoor Localization System For a Mobile Robot Using Auto Calibration Algorithm
Precise Indoor Localization Syste For a Mobile Robot Using Auto Calibration Algorith Sung-Bu Ki, JangMyung Lee, and I.O. Lee : Pusan National University, http://robotics.ee.pusan.ac.r, : Ninety syste Abstract:
More informationMitigation of GPS L 2 signal in the H I observation based on NLMS algorithm Zhong Danmei 1, a, Wang zhan 1, a, Cheng zhu 1, a, Huang Da 1, a
2nd International Conference on Electrical, Coputer Engineering and Electronics (ICECEE 25 Mitigation of GPS L 2 signal in the H I observation based on NLMS algorith Zhong Danei, a, Wang zhan, a, Cheng
More informationOFDM Link Performance Analysis under Various Receiver Impairments
OFDM Link Perforance Analysis under Various Receiver Ipairents Marco Krondorf and Gerhard Fettweis Vodafone Chair Mobile Counications Systes, Technische Universität Dresden, D-006 Dresden, Gerany {krondorf,fettweis}@ifn.et.tu-dresden.de,
More informationCross-Layer Design of Energy Efficient Coded ARQ Systems
Globecom 01 - Communication Theory Symposium Cross-Layer Design of Energy Efficient Coded ARQ Systems Gang Wang, Jingxian Wu, and Yahong Zheng Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas,
More informationDSI3 Sensor to Master Current Threshold Adaptation for Pattern Recognition
International Journal of Signal Processing Systes Vol., No. Deceber 03 DSI3 Sensor to Master Current Threshold Adaptation for Pattern Recognition David Levy Infineon Austria AG, Autootive Power Train Systes,
More informationA simple charge sensitive preamplifier for experiments with a small number of detector channels
A siple charge sensitive preaplifier for experients with a sall nuber of detector channels laudio Arnaboldi and Gianluigi Pessina Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Università degli Studi di
More informationAnalysis of mach zehnder modulator response to fiber dispersion in radio over fiber at 60 GHz for multigigabit wireless transmission
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 54, Septeber 06, pp. 57-576 Analysis of ach zehnder odulator response to fiber dispersion in radio over fiber at 60 GHz for ultigigabit wireless transission
More informationDIRECT MAPPING OVSF-BASED TRANSMISSION SCHEME FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION
Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 413-418 (2010) 413 DIRECT MAPPING OVSF-BASED TRANSMISSION SCHEME FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION Chin-Feng Lin*, Jiang-Yao
More informationResource Allocation for OFDMA-Based Relay Assisted Two-Tier Femtocell Networks
Resource Allocation for OFDMA-Based Relay Assisted Two-Tier Fetocell Networks Aila Tharaperiya Gaage, Nandana Rajatheva, Marian Codreanu Telecounications Field of Study, School of Engineering and Technology,
More informationMulti-Objective Resource Allocation in Full-Duplex SWIPT Systems
Multi-Objective Resource Allocation in Full-Duplex SWIPT Systes Shiyang Leng, Derric Wing Kwan Ng, Niola Zlatanov, and Robert Schober The Pennsylvania State University, USA The University of New South
More informationDelay performance of cognitive radio networks for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications
Tran et al. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Counications and Networking 2012, 2012:9 R E S E A R C H Open Access Delay perforance of cognitive radio networks for point-to-point and point-to-ultipoint counications
More informationDistributed Resource Allocation Assisted by Intercell Interference Mitigation in Downlink Multicell MC DS-CDMA Systems
1 Distributed Resource Allocation Assisted by Intercell Interference Mitigation in Downlin Multicell MC DS-CDMA Systes Jia Shi, Zhengyu Song, IEEE Meber, and Qiang Ni, IEEE Senior Meber Abstract This paper
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY 1 MOHAMMAD RIAZ AHMED, 1 MD.RUMEN AHMED, 1 MD.RUHUL AMIN ROBIN, 1 MD.ASADUZZAMAN, 2 MD.MAHBUB
More information