Comparative study of AODV, DSR, DSDV Routing Protocol Using Network Simulator-2

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1 Abstract Comparative study of AODV, DSR, DSDV Routing Protocol Using Network Simulator-2 Rahul,B.Tech(Scholar),AKGEC,Ghaziabad Bhoomika,B.Tech(Scholar),AKGEC,Ghaziabad This paper report has two parts of study, the analytical study and the simulation study. From analytical study, it is concluded that routing protocols play very important role in the telecommunication and seamless communication. Different protocols have different qualities, the selection of a suitable protocol definitely increase the performance of the network. Introduction Mobile ad-hoc network has the privilege to use two types of routing protocols/ algorithms, one of them is proactive routing protocols/ algorithms and the second is re-active routing protocols/ algorithms. The assortment of these two categories is called hybrid routing protocols. The best choice among these protocols is the torchbearer to best optimum solution and effective performance. This project compared the performance of DSDV, AODVand DSR routing protocols for ad hoc networks using ns-2simulations. DSDV uses the proactive table-driven routing Strategy in good way while on other ends AODV and DSR use the reactive strategy. Both AODV and DSR performbetter under high mobility simulations than DSDV. High mobility results in frequent link failures and the overheadinvolved in updating all the nodes with the new routinginformation as in DSDV is much more than that involved AODV and DSR, where the routes are created as and whenrequired. DSR and AODV both use on -demand routediscovery, but with different routing mechanics Analysis Snapshot of AODV code We open the text editor to write the code for AODV protocol,and then save it 44

2 Fig1 Snapshot of AODV code 1. Snapshot of execution of AODV code Here we firstly open the terminal and by using the CD command we set the path where our AODV code situated.after setting the path we type the following command to execute aodv code.ns 100aodv.tcl 45

3 When we press enter we can see the message on the terminal that show creation of the node. Fig 2 Snapshot of terminal 2. Snapshot of initial state of AODV NAM When code execute a nam file is created on the same location where our program situated.and the following code in the AODV code file [open testaodv.nam] will open the nam.it will contain 100 mobile node.the following snapshot show the location of the node before starting transmission. 46

4 Fig 3 Snapshot of Transmission State Here node are mobile,all node are in movement and at the same time transmission is take place between node 2 and node

5 Fig 4. Snapshot of transmission 48

6 Fig 4 Snapshot of transmission at different time This is snapshot show the transmission at some time. 49

7 Fig 5 Snapshot of Xgraph for Cwnd CONCLUSION Mobile ad-hoc network has the privilege to use two categories of routing protocols, one of them is proactive routing protocols and the other is re-active routing protocols. The assortment of these two categories is called hybrid routing protocols. The best choice among these protocols is the torchbearer to best optimum solution and effective performance. This project compared the performance of DSDV, AODVand DSR routing protocols for ad hoc networks using ns-2simulations. DSDV uses the proactive table-driven routing strategy while both AODV and DSR use the reactive Ondemandrouting strategy. Both AODV and DSR performbetter under high mobility simulations than DSDV. High 50

8 mobility results in frequent link failures and the overheadinvolved in updating all the nodes with the new routinginformation as in DSDV is much more than that involved AODV and DSR, where the routes are created as and whenrequired. DSR and AODV both use on -demand routediscovery, but with different routing mechanics Particular. DSR uses source routing and route caches, anddoes not depend on any periodic or timer-based activities.dsr exploits caching aggressively and maintains multipleroutes per destination. AODV, on the other hand, usesrouting tables, one route per destination, and destinationsequence numbers, a mechanism to prevent loops and to determine freshness of routes. The general observationfrom the simulation is that for application-oriented metricssuch as packet delivery fraction and delay AODV, outperforms DSR in more stressful situations (i.e.,smaller number of nodes and lower load and/or mobility),with widening performance gaps with increasing stress (e.g., more load, high er mobility). DSR, however,consistently generates less routing load than AODV. Thepoor performances of DSR are mainly attributed toaggressive use of caching, and lack of any mechanism toexpire stale routes or determine the freshness of routeswhen mult iple choices are available. Aggressive caching,however, seems to help DSR at low loads and also keeps itsrouting load down. In our Project entitled performance analysis and comparison of routing protocol In ad-hoc network. We found AODV performance is good than other two routing protocol. LIMITATION 1. Our project is platform dependent. 2. Installation of NS2 take much amount of time. 3.Finding Error is difficult 4.Complex FUTURE WORK In the future, extensive complex simulations could becarried out using the project code, in order to gain a morein-depth performance analysis of the ad hoc routing protocols. Other new protocol performance could be studied too. As future work in addition to end-to-end delay we propose to study the delay jitter parameter, and investigate its impact on congestion control when the network is highly loaded. Efficiency of mobile ad-hoc networks in terms of delay jitter would result in decreased power consumption; therefore network life would be prolonged 51

9 We will also like to suggest the development of enhanced simulator that could simulate the seamless interaction of mobile nodes between two or more heterogeneous mobile ad-hoc network and judge their performance. This will definitely establish new contemporary research in the field of seamless communication enabled MANETs. REFERENCES 1. D. B. Johnson and D. A. Maltz, Dynamic Source Routing in Ad-hoc Wireless Netw ork, Department of Computer Science Carnegie University, Mellon, Dr. F. Scott, Dr. A. Luiz Dr. J. Ira and Dr. P. Charles, Mobile Ad hoc network Routing Protocols Methodologies and Applications, Department of Computer Engineering, Blacksburg Virginia, March 19, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, [Accessed: April,28, 2010]. 4. K. Gorantala, Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, Department of Computer Science, Umeå University, June 15,