Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 8

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1 ISSN XXXX XXXX IJESC Research Article Volume Issue No. Experimental Study on Characterization of Bitumen Mixed with Plastic Waste S.Varun, Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy, S.Madan Mohan, M.Vasudeva Naidu, M.K. Srikantha M.Tech Research scholar, Professor,, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering,,,, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gurunanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Abstract: Plastic (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) is now used as packaging material for a whole range of consumer products in additio n to carbonated beverages. Although plastics are very useful product, but the disposal of these wastes has become a problem and is of great concern, particularly in our country. One of the solutions to the disposal of plastic wastes is recycling it into usefu l products such as it may be used in bituminous (asphaltic) pavements construction, resulting in reduced permanent deformation in the form of rutting of the pavement surface. The present study discusses in detail about the effect of PET on various engineering properties of b itumen. The PET waste was added in the bitumen from to and various tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point, flash and fire point and Marshall Stability were performed for the characterization of plain bitumen and PET modified bitumen. The results o f the study indicated that the modified mixture possessed better performance as compared to the non -modified bitumen. Keywords: Bitumen, characterization, PET I. Introduction Due to increase in population, urbanization, development activities, and changes in life style, there is an enormous rise in the generation of plastic wastes which in turn makes the solid waste management as one of the major environmental concern worldwide. These plastics are disposed in an uncontrolled manner, because of the noticeable rapid depletion of sites available for waste disposal, causing major environmental problems [Pimpan et al. ]. It has been estimated that the plastic (a non bio-degradable material) can remain on earth for years without degradation. The health hazard includes reproductive problems in human and animal, genital abnormalities etc. The animals feeding the contaminated vegetation are victims of skin diseases and dental disorders. The effect of this waste is found on local vegetation too. Moreover, the hazardous effect of waste is also posing threat on the population of birds and water animals [Gawande et al. ].The recycling of plastic wastes and by-products for use as construction materials is an important part of achieving a sustainable environmental friendly society. Flexible pavements constitute over of road network in India. The increased volume of traffic, overloading of axles beyond permissible limits and higher tyre pressure, are causing widespread problems addressed to performance of flexible pavements in India. The statistics of various performance studies indicate that useful life of bitu minous overlay with traditional nonmodified binders has declined from average value of - years in the past to about - years in recent years. It is well known that under the prevailing heavy traffic and extreme climatic conditions, overlays made up of traditional bituminous binders, in general, are not meeting the durability requirements. On the other hand polymer modified bitumen (PMB) known as higher performance binder, allows the engineer to design and build durable bituminous surface. These binders, as proven all over the world, have better field performance, and are economical, when life cycle cost is taken into consideration. Performance of bituminous mixtures used for surfacing in flexible pavements, can be improved by incorporating suitable additives to bitumen. These additives include commercial materials, byproducts and even processed waste materials. Re-cycled plastics, mainly polyethylene, can be used in the manufacture of polymer-modified asphalt cement or bitumen. Re-cycled polyethylene from grocery bags in bituminous pavements resulted in reduced rutting and low temperature cracking of the pavement surfacing [Ranadive and Tapase, ]. Many studies on application of plastic wastes in the construction of flexible pavement are available such as Flynn (), Rahman et al (), Ravi et al (), Mohammed and Patil (), which stated that roadways have a high potential for utilization of large volume of the plastic waste. In these studies, an attempt has been made to investigate the use of plastic waste in the construction of bituminous road. A series of tests were performed on specimens prepared with plastic waste and bitumen. Results show that the increase in percentage of polymer causes reduction in the penetration and ductility value. Rokade () studied the use of plastic waste and waste rubber tyres in flexible pavements. The Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) was prepared by Marshall Method using VG- grade bitumen and the various mix design characteristics were calculated. The author observed that with bitumen content higher value of Marshall Stability and greater density was achieved. Ranadive and Tapase () conducted an experimental program to study the improvement in the strength of flexible pavement, by adding plastic waste in different percentages. The authors observed that of bitumen can be replaced by plastic waste in bituminous layer. From the review of the previous literature it has been found that the studies were mainly limited to use of maximum of International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August

2 plastic waste [Vidula et al, ]. However, the present study encourages the use of PET waste, which ensures more utilization of waste as compared to the PET utilization in previous studies. Whereas, the studies on the variation of the plastic waste on parameters like penetration, ductility, viscosity, softening point, flash and fire points and Marshall Stability of bitumen is limited. Hence, this study aims to utilize Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste by mixing it with bitumen, which can subsequently be utilized for highway engineering works. II. TES TING MATERIALS In this study, the materials used are:. Bitumen. Aggregates (fine and coarse). PET waste. Filler. BITUMEN Bitumen is a material which is a byproduct of petroleum refining process. It is a highly viscous at temperature above degrees Celsius and is solid at room temperature. In this study bitumen used is / grade. Basic physical parameters of bitumen are found using various tests as tabulated in table. Aggregate An aggregate which has good and sufficient strength, hardness, toughness and soundness have to be chosen. Crushed aggregates produce higher stability.basic physical parameters of aggregates are found using various tests as tabulated in table. Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste (PET) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) a plastic from the family of polyesters, is nowadays being used mainly in the food industry for packaging soft drinks, mineral water, milk, oil, bakery products, frozen foods, salad dressings, cosmetics, cleaner and many other products. The PET used in this case study was brought from KK plastic waste management pvt.ltd, Address: #, Old Tharagupete Road, Old Tharagupete Rd, Santhusapet, Chickpet, Bengaluru, Karnataka. K K Poly Blend is a polymer blend made out of plastic carry bags/packing material. The K K Poly Blend is cheaper than all existing bitumen modifiers and is the best binding agent for bitumen. Basic physical parameters of PET are found using various tests as tabulated in table. Filler They are many different types of fillers are available to use like flyash, cement, stone dust. But in this case stone dust is used as filler Specific Gravity of the stone dust was calculated and given in the table.. Sample Preparation for Marshall Stability This process is also known as wet mix process. In this process bitumen is heated until it became liquid and then PET waste in percentages,,,, and by the weight of bitumen added to the bitumen and the mixture was heated up to C till it attains homogeneity. The bitumen and PET waste was mixed thoroughly by using bitumen stirrer. Immediately after mixing it is used for Marshall Stability test. Bitumen content will vary from. to. Physical properties of PET): Properties Results obtained Specific gravity. Melting point C - Sieve analysis Passing. mm sieve retained on. mm sieve Table : Characteristics of waste Plastic (PET) Physical properties of bitumen: Sr. No DE SI G NAT I O N T ES T PERMISSIB RE S UL T LE LIMIT bitumen.. mi n Soft eni ng poi nt of bitu m en. C C ( mi n) Flash point of bitumen C C (min) Fire Point of Bitu m en C C (min) Bitumen Penetration Test mm (min) TES T METHOD IS: - IS: - IS: - IS: IS: D u ctility test.cm IS: - Table : Physical properties bitumen as IS : Physical properties of Filler (cement): S.No. Property Test Method. Normal consistency. Specific gravity Vicat apparatus (IS -Part IV) Specific gravity bottle (IS - Part II) Test Result. III. Sample Preparation The modifier is blended with the base binder so that it disperses thoroughly prior to use. First of all bitumen is heated until it became liquid and the PET waste in percentage of is added to gm of bitumen similarly,,,, and by weight of bitumen was added to bitumen and the mixture was heated up to C till it attains homogeneity. The bitumen and PET waste was mixed thoroughly by using bitumen stirrer. Immediately after mixing the various properties such as softening point, penetration, ductility flash and fire point values were determined as per the test conditions International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August Fineness Initial and Final setting time Vicat apparatus (IS -Part V) Sieve test on sieve no. (IS -Part IV) Table : Physical properties of Filler (cement min min

3 Physical properties of aggregates: T ES T Sr. RE S UL No DE SI G NAT I O N T PERMISSIB LE LIMIT Aggregate impact value. M A X Water absorption. MAX aggregates ( mm). - aggregates ( mm). - aggregates ( mm). - aggregates (stone dust). Table : Aggregate test results Blending of aggregate according to MoRTH: Sieve size mm mm mm Stone dust Com bined grad ation TES T METHO D IS: Pa rt I V IS: IS: IS: IS: IS: Lo we r lim it Uppe r limit IV. Testing The following characterization tests on plain and PET modified bitumen were conducted, and the results are being discussed in subsequent sections:. Penetration Test The test determines the hardness of bitumen by measuring the depth ( one tenths of a mm) to which a standard, and loaded needle will vertically penetrate in seconds, in a sample of bitumen maintained at a temperature of C. The test was carried out in accordance with the procedure laid down in IS:. Ductility Test The Ductility test is an empirical test which measures the cohesive strength of bitumen and its ability to stretch. The test was conducted as per IS:.. Softening Point Test The softening point is an empirical test and denotes the temperature at which bitumen would behave more like a liquid and less like a solid under standard conditions of heating and loading. The test was conducted as per IS:.. Flash and Fire Point Tests Bituminous materials leave out volatile gases at high temperatures depending upon their grade. These volatile vapours catch fire causing a flash. This condition is very hazardous and it is therefore, essential to check this temperature for each bitumen grade, so that the paving engineers may restrict the mixing or application temperatures well within the limits. The tests were conducted as per IS:. Marshall Stability Test This test is done to determine the Marshall stability of bituminous mixture as per ASTM D. The principle of this test is that Marshall stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface. It is the load carrying capacity of the mix at oc and is measured in kg V. Results and Discussions The results of various tests conducted on bitumen and bitumen PET waste blend are presented and discussed to bring out the effect of waste on penetration, ductility, viscosity, softening point, flash and fire point and stripping values... Effect of PET on Penetration values of bitumen PET PENETRATION DAIL MEAN READING INTIAL FINAL.... International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August

4 SOFTENING POINT C PENETRATION VALUE (mm) DUCTLITY VALUE (CM) GRAPH :PENETRATION.. Effect of PET on Ductility values of bitumen PE T IN TI AL RE A DI N G FINAL READING (b) PENETRATION PET DUCTLITY (b-a) cm. (a) M E A N DUCTLITY PET GRAPH :DUCTLITY.. Effect of PET on Softening point values of bitumen PET MEAN TEMPERATURE WHEN BALL TOUCHES THE BOTTTOM SOFTENING POINT PET GRAPH :SOFTENING POINT.. Effect of PET on Flash and Fire point values of bitumen International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August

5 AIR VOIDS () FIRE POINT C FLASH POINT C FLOW VAULE (mm) STABILITY (Kg) FLASH AND FIRE POINT PET FLASH POINT C FIRE POINT C FLASH POINT FIRE POINT PET PET GRAPH : FIRE POINT.. Effect of PET on Marshall Stability values of bitumen...marshall Stability and flow value without PET: MARSHALL STABILITY.... FLOW VALUE.... AIR VOIDS Bit Gt u Me n G m Vv Vb VM A VF B Stablit y (kg) Flo w valu e International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August

6 FLOE VALUE (mm) STABLITY (kg)...marshall Stability and flow value with PET: MARSHALL STABILITY WITH PET CONTENT PET PET PET PET PET PET... GRAPH: MARS HALL STBILITY WITH PET CONTENT FLOW VALUE WITH PET CONTENT... PET PET PET PET PET PET GRAPH :FLOW VALUE WITH PET CONTENT International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August PE T Bitu men Vv Vb VMA VFB Stabi lity (kg) flow value (mm)

7 VI. Conclusions The aim of the study was to utilize the waste materials i.e. PET wastes for mass scale utilization such as in highway construction in an environmentally safe manner. An attempt was made to assess the stabilization of the bitumen with PET waste in shredded form by performing basic tests such as Penetration, Ductility, Softening Point, Flash and Fire Point and Marshall Stability Values Tests. Some of the significant conclusions and observations emerging from the present study are given below. The present stabilization process is very effective in controlling the environmental pollution, because the waste materials were completely recycled without any adverse impact on the environment. This study also encourages the mass scale utilization of PET. The results of the study indicated that the modified mixture have a better result compared to the non-modified mixture. By adding Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) to the bitumen a better binding between binder and aggregates was obtained. It is observed that the penetration values of plain bitumen decrease on increase of the PET content.the results also show that the addition of PET makes the modified bitumen harder and more consistent than plain bitumen which results in improvement in the rutting resistance of the mix. It is observed that the ductility of plain bitumen increases with the addition of PET. The increase in the ductility values were observed as.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. cm on addition of PET from - respectively, as compared to the plain bitumen, whereas, the ductility value declines at PET addition. It is observed that the flashpoint value increases as PET increases,. Similarly the fire point value also increases significantly up to,whereas slight decline in the value was observed at PET Flash and fire point of bitumen is generally observed between C to C. From the present investigation it has been observed that the inflammability of the blend (PB+- PET) decreases as the percentage of PET increases. When PET was added beyond. The similar trend was also observed in case of fire point. The value of fire point significantly increases as PET increses, whereas, a slight decline in the value was observed at PET. The trend shows that the addition of PET in plain bitumen may work efficiently to resist the burning hazards.. It is observed that the Marshal Stability value is maximum at of PET utilization in asphalting of roads, Journal of Engineering Research and Studies, JERS/Vol. III/ Issue II/April-June, /-. []. IS: () Method for testing tar and bituminous materials: determination of penetration value. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () Method for testing tar and bituminous materials: determination of softening point. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () Method for testing tar and bituminous materials: determination of viscosity. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () Method for testing tar and bituminous materials: determination of ductility value. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () Method for testing tar and bituminous materials: determination of flash and fire point. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () (Reaffirmed ). Method of test for determination of stripping value of road aggregates. BIS, New Delhi. []. IS: () Paving bitumen specification VII. References []. ASTM D () Specification for viscosity graded asphalt binders. Philadelphia, U.S.A. []. Fernando, M.J. and Guirguis, H.R. () Natural rubber for improved surfacing. Proceedings th ARRB conference, Part, pp. -. []. Flynn, E., () Recycled plastic finds home in asphalt binder, Journal, of Roads and Bridges Vol., No., pp. -. []. Gawande A., Zamare G., Renge V. C., Tayde S. and Bharsakale G. () An overview on waste plastic International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August