Detection of Objects Using Infrared Image Processing

Transcription

1 Detection of Objects Using Infrared Image Processing Pooja G. Dandge 1, Pawan N. Dhuriya 2, Manisha Raut 3 1 ETC, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India dandge.puja@gmail.com 2 ETC, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India dhuriya.pawan@gmail.com 3 ETC, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India Manisharaut16@gmail.com Mobile: , , Abstract Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it Object detection is the process of detecting object relative to its surrounding or change in the surrounding. In this paper we are using infrared image processing for detecting an object. Infrared image processing Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processing system includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them First we are capturing an object using IR camera at particular interval of time then compare it with default image and process that image and if any mismatch found alert will be generated. Keywords IR(infrared), Resolution, Thermography, detection. I. INRODUCTION Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter. An infrared camera is a device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a common camera that forms an image using visible light. Infrared energy is just one part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which encompasses radiation from gamma rays, x-rays, ultra violet, a thin region of visible light, infrared, terahertz waves, microwaves, and radio waves. Instead of the nanometer range of the visible light camera, infrared cameras operate in wavelengths as long as 14,000 nm (14 µm). Infrared imagers utilize the temperature distribution information of the target to form an image [1] [2]. Infrared Thermography is used in nondestructive diagnosis of equipment, in this field, further improvement of basic performances such as Spatial Resolution are required for accurate diagnosis and helpful in finding small defects. Imaging in the visible spectrum demonstrates difficulties in recognizing the faces in varying illumination conditions [6].Accuracy is of vital importance to war fighters on the battlefield, whether on the ground, in the air, or on sea. For this reason, military forces rely on electro-optical solutions, to provide a clear and immediate picture of their vast surroundings at all times. Manual screening procedures for detecting concealed weapons such as handguns, knives, and explosives are common in controlled access settings like airports, entrances to sensitive buildings, and public events [8]. Since infrared radiation does not rely on visible light, it offers the possibility of seeing in the dark or through obscured condition, by detecting the infrared energy emitted by object. The detected energy is translated into imagery showing the energy differences between objects, thus allowing an otherwise scene to be seen. Border security specialists protect their country s border against smugglers and other intruders. With a infrared imaging camera they are able to see a man at a distance of kilometers away and at distance of kilometer away in total darkness. Different studies using thermal infrared imaging have been done to detect spontaneous emotional facial expressions [3]. II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY The basic principle of this project is to capture images at particular interval and this captured image is compared with default image which is present in database, if in compares any movements occur then by using buzzer, LCD display and by sending message alert will be generated into control room and specific action will be taken. Page38

2 Discovery, Volume 19, Number 56, May 12, ) Regulator IC ) Camera 1) Microcontroller 89S52: The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- and pin standard 80C51 instruction set out. Fig 1 : Block Diagram of design methodology III. WORKING PRINCIPLE Fig 2 : IC 89S52 Infrared thermography in nondestructive testing provides images in which zones of defects appear[7].the IR camera is implemented at the target location, as we implement camera at target location default image willl be taken which is stored in database and after that images will be taken at continuous interval of time and After capturing each image that image will be processed and is compared pixel to pixel and then checked that is there any movement of target are capable of being invariant to an object s translation (position) [5],or any target is detected or not. Images have so necessarily to be correctly geo referred, in order to precisely identify the target on the ground.[4] After detecting the target that target image is compared with the default image present in database. If it is cleared that target detected is enemy then alert will be given at base station or control room as buzzer, LCD display and by sending message to a person who present at the boarder location and particular action will be taken and if target detected is our soldier then alert will not be generate and start capturing images again. In this we have to interface camera with the system as a input and as a output we have to interface controller with the system which is connected with alert system. IV. COMPONENTS USED Following is the list of the main components that are used. 1) Microcontroller IC 89S52 2) MAX 232 IC 3) 16 X 2 LCD display 4) GSM module The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standardd features: 8K bytes of Flash 256 bytes of RAM 32 I/O lines Watchdog timer Two data pointers Three 16-bit timer/counters, A six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, A full duplex serial port, On-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. 2) Max232: The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically Page39

3 converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V. that is unidirectional rubbed using, for example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then defined by the direction of rubbing. Electrodes are made of a transparent conductor called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The Liquid Crystal Display is intrinsically a passive device; it is a simple light valve. The managing and control of the data to be displayed is performed by one or more circuits commonly denoted as LCD drivers. 4) Gsm module : GSM (Global System for Mobile)TTL Modem is SIM900 Quad-band GSM device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800 MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem. The Modem is designed 5V DC TTL interfacing circuitry, which allows User to directly interface with 5V Microcontrollers. Fig 3 : MAX232 IC The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the original MAX232 but may operate at higher baud rates and can use smaller external capacitors 0.1 μf in place of the 1.0 μf capacitors used with the original device. The newer MAX3232 is also backwards compatible, but operates at a broader voltage range, from 3 to 5.5V. 3) Lcd display : Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. Fig 4 : LCD Display. The surfaces of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. This treatment typically consists of a thin polymer layer Fig 5 : GSM Module The baud rate can be configurable from bps through AT (Attention) commands. This GSM TTL Modem has internal TCP/IP stack to enable User to connect with internet through GPRS feature. It is suitable for SMS as well as DATA transfer application in mobile phone to mobile phone interface. The modem can be interfaced with a Microcontroller using USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter). Features: Quad Band GSM: 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz Built in RS232 to TTL or vice versa Logic Converter (MAX232). SMA (Sub Miniature version A) connector with GSM L Type Antenna. Built in SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card holder. Inbuilt Powerful TCP / IP stack for internet data transfer through GPRS. Audio Interface Connectors. Normal Operation Temperature: -20 C to +55 C Input Voltage: 5V to 12V DC Page40

4 Discovery, Volume 19, Number 56, May 12, ) Regulator ic 7805 : IC 7805 is a three terminal positive regulator with several fixed output voltages making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on card. Fig 6 : IC 7805 regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. 6) Camera : It is an infrared camera which capture images of objects which radiates IR rays. Features: Sensor Size: 1/4 Inch Color CMOS Sensor Resolution: PAL:628*582 NTSC 510*492 Sensitivity: +18dB Viewing Angle (Degree): 90 Fig 7 : Infrared Camera Output Power: 250mW Transmitting Signal: Picture and Sound Distance: M Refresh Rate: 60HZ, 50HZ Voltage: +9v DC Current: mA Audio Input: Built-in Mic Transmission: Wirelesss Mode: Day Night, Motion Detection IR Night Vision Distance (m): 10~15 M V. SOFTWARE VISUAL BASIC.NET is a high level programming language whichh evolved from the earlier DOS version called BASIC. BASIC means Beginners' Allpurpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The codes look a lot like English Language. However, people prefer to use Microsoft Visual Basic today, as it is a well developed programming language and supporting resources are available everywhere. VB20100 are fully object oriented programming (OOP) language. VISUAL BASIC.NET is a VISUAL and events driven Programming Language. Thesee are the main divergence from the old BASIC. In BASIC, programming is done in a text-only environment and the program is executed sequentially. In the old BASIC, write program code for each graphical object you wish to display it on screen, including its position and its color. However, in VB, you just need to drag and drop any graphical object anywhere on the form, and you can change its color any time using the properties windows. On the other hand, because the user may click on certain object randomly, so each object has to be programmed independently to be able to response to those actions (events). Therefore, a VB Program is made up of many subprograms, each has its own program code, and each can be executed independently and at the same time each can be linked together in one way or another. View of VB.NET Software Page41

5 Discovery, Volume 19, Number 56, May 12, 2014 Algorithm: 1. Any image is save into bitmap image. 2. Value of every pixel is compared in terms of RGB with the pixel at same location in another image and if it comes out same then it is taken as the images are same. 3. If there is difference then it is declared as 2 images are different. 4. And if 2 images are different then we are setting threshold value as 10% mismatch. So if mismatch goes beyond 10% then we are giving alert. 5. This threshold can be changed. But as per requirement we are keeping 10%. Initially an implememented camera is started and capture default image and stored it in database, after that again capture the images at continuous interval. These captured image is compared with default image and if any change occur then show that change and generate an alert to control room as shown in flow chart. VII. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM VI. Fig 8 : Algorithm flow chart FLOWCHART In this we are using microcontroller IC at port 2 LCD display is connected. MAX232 IC is connected to p3.0 and p3.1 which integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals. First port is used for connecting system and second port is used for connecting GSM module. VIII. RESULT VB.NET Software - Image Processing is done here. Page42

6 3 rd alert sent by GSM module to all soldiers giving exact location of camera and object Live captured Infrared images compared with Default Infrared images saved in Database If no match is found then 1 st system in control room alert will be generated by Interfacing between system and all external devices 2 nd alert generated on LCD display placed in control room Page43

7 IX. CONCLUSION This paper deals with the processing of Infrared images through the infrared camera. Although infrared radiation is not detectable by human eyes, infrared cameras can convert it to a visual image that despites thermal variations across an object in the scene. The main objective of this paper is to describe the object in total darkness, this can be done with the help of infrared camera and the processing of captured image in order to determine the moment of object. X. REFERENCES [1] P.W. Kruse and D.D. Skatrud, Eds., Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays and Systems, in Semiconductors and Semimetals, vol. 47. San Diego, CA: Academic, [2] L.A. Klein, Millimeter-Wave and Infrared Multisensor Design and Signal Processing. Boston, MA: Artech, [3] Zeng,Z., Spontaneous Emotional Facial Expression, Detection, Journal of Multimedia, Vol.1(5): 1-8, [4] Soininen A. (2009), González D., M. Klein, Pilla M., Vallerand S., Maldague X (2004). Infrared image processing and data analysis. Infrared Physics and Technology. [5] M. Hu, Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants, IRE Trans. Inform.Theory, vol. IT-8, pp , [6] SEONG G. KONG Imaging, Robotics, and Intelligent System Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN , Multiscale Fusion of Visible and Thermal IR Images for Illumination-Invariant Face Recognition,2006. [7] C. Ibarra-Castanedo, D. Gonz_alez, M. Klein, M. Pilla, S. Vallerand, X. Maldague, Infrared image processing and data analysis,electrical and Computing Engineering Department, Universit_e Laval, Quebec City (Quebec) G1K 7P4, Canada [8] Hua-Mei Chen, Seungsin Lee, Raghuveer M. Rao, Mohamed-Adel Slamani, and Pramod K. Varshney., Imaging for Concealed Weapon Detection. IEEE Signal Processing magazine March Page44