2011 bathroom special. bathroom lighting

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1 2011 bathroom special bathroom lighting

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3 2011 Lighting in a Bathroom... Any room in a house can be transformed with the right lighting, and the bathroom should be no exception. In the past a bathroom was generally regarded as a functional, almost utilitarian space, but today it has been elevated to more of a relaxation room, a haven of tranquility or even a complete wellness center. Nowadays this transformation can be all-encompassing with so many possibilities in style, furnishings, decoration and finish. Careful lighting design and choice of fittings should also be a part of the transformation. Content Bathroom atmosphere...p05 Lighting calculation...p07 Lighting by zones...p09 Types of Lighting...P10 Different kinds of Lighting...P13 Lighting fixtures...p14 General Lighting...P19 Lighting on the mirror/ wash-hand basin...p21 Lighting for the shower stall...p23 Lighting for the lavatory...p25 Technical Lighting...P26 Security in Lighting...P28 Example of Lighting Calculation 1...P30 Example of Lighting calculation 2...P31 3

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5 2011 Bathroom atmosphere As in any other space, bathroom lighting should be attuned to the chosen fittings in the room. Always try to emphasize the atmosphere of the bathroom with careful lighting, creating effects and atmosphere with the use of shadows. Choose your lighting fixtures as a function of the lines of the architecture and be sure to match the atmosphere of the bathroom, for instance Brushed Aluminium for a contemporary bathroom look, or Black + Gold for a more convivial approach. Lighting can have a positive or negative influence on the bathroom ambience. For a contemporary space the use of cold light will give the space a sterile and hygienic appearance, whilst warm light will add a touch of tradition to a more romantic bathroom. For extra atmosphere, working with coloured linear lighting in the neighborhood of the bath-tub, throwing coloured, or even colourchanging light onto water can be very effective. SOME TIPS: Chrome lighting fixtures suit very well with chrome taps Several light sources on different circuits create different atmospheres RGB can also be used as chromotherapy 5

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7 2011 Lighting calculation Many bathrooms enjoy little or no natural light, making the careful choice of artificial lighting even more necessary. A bathroom will have several different functions: In the morning we wake and generally want to enjoy a fresh stimulating shower for this, the lighting should also be stimulating and refreshing. After a hard day, a relaxing bath may be your preference, when equally soft and relaxing lighting is more appropriate. Even the simplest of scene setting should be considered with thoughtful lighting design at the planning stage. Several different light sources with divided circuit zones do not have to be complex but can make the difference between a functional and a stunning ambience. Project 2 TAL nv Joos De Ter Beerstlaan 33 B 8740 Pittem Operator Lighting Consultancy Telephone Fax tom@tal.be Room 1 / Workplane m m Position of surface in room: Marked point: (0.000 m, m, m) Values Grid: 128 x 128 Points E av [lx] E min [lx] E max [lx] u TAL LABORATORIES 7

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9 2011 Illumination according to function In a bathroom we can distinguish different lighting requirements by their function. At the mirror and the washbowl, task illumination should be provided and should be suitable for shaving or perhaps applying make-up. We can combine this task lighting with indirect accent lighting to give the space a warmer feel. When considering a design, start with general lighting and then combine this with the more specific and separately controlled requirements of the different functions. For general lighting, particularly in the smaller space, a central light point can be used, but it is often better, particularly in the larger room to work with indirect lighting to provide the general light level. FREQUENTLY MADE MISTAKES: Central spot/directional lighting creating too much shadow The only lighting is central into the space No light point into the shower Too much light over the bath Example of wrong lighting 9

10 Types of lighting A well illuminated bathroom uses a blend of different types of illumination. Each type has a specific characteristic and function, and generally will not provide a good scheme in isolation. BASIC LIGHTING This illumination lays the foundation for the lighting scheme, providing sufficient general light throughout the room. The most important characteristic of this part of the design is the uniform distribution of light and a minimum of shadow formation. For this the ideal choice is some form of diffused lighting and preferably indirect. Care should be taken to ensure this basic illumination is sufficient for safety. Most accidents in the home occur in the bathroom, where slipping on wet surfaces is a major cause of injury. TASK LIGHTING As the name suggests, task lighting is provided for a specific task, such as shaving or applying make-up. Good task lighting should be directed towards the subject, but in such a way that shadows and reflections are avoided. Classic mirror lighting for example provides light from above and from both sides, but is not directional. Accent LIGHTING Accent lighting is characterised by the use of a defined beam of light to accentuate an object. The width or concentration of the beam is defined by the choice of reflector in the lighting fixture and can be selected to illuminate a specific object from a certain distance and angle. The light is usually strong enough to cut through the basic lighting, creating strong contrast and shadowing. An accented object will thus be instantly noticed, with strong shadows. A good balance is of course also very important and the designer should not make the mistake of using too much accent lighting. 10

11 2011 ORIENTATION LIGHTING Orientation lighting gives direction or guides and can be achieved using very low levels of illumination and minimal energy consumption, such as provided by LED sources. This type of illumination is most widely used as a nightlight alternative to the main lighting, but can also be used to the accentuate architecture of the space. With modern technology, a coloured LED source can be used, Amber or Blue having been proven to be the least likely to interfere with sleep patterns. ATMOSPHERIC LIGHTING Use an indirect and/or coloured light source to create atmosphere. Relaxing in the bath does not require high levels of illumination so consider also a dimmer to set the mood. This can then be used as a function of the general lighting, which can be lifted by the dimmer control when required. A great idea is to position lighting into a recess near to the bath, or even under the bath where it can create the illusion of a floating bath. 11

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13 2011 Different kinds of lighting DIFFUSED LIGHT Light which is emitted or projected in a wide spread. This can be achieved by using diffusers or lenses to scatter the light emitted by a source. A fluorescent lamp by design is a useful diffused source, or we can use other light sources with polycarbonate or glass screens to provide diffusion. The sun is a naturally diffused light source, using the atmosphere to scatter its rays. Properties of diffused light Uniform light dispersion Details are less defined Frequently used as basic lighting No strong shadows Direct light Light which is concentrated, guided or projected in a specific direction. Usually achieved by positioning a light source within an optically optimized reflector system to collect and distribute a defined light pattern. In a well-designed luminaire, maximum use is made of the available light, thus optimizing the power of the source. A well designed and accurately placed optic will also minimize discomfort glare caused by such a directional source. Properties.Details are generally made clear..can be used to create atmosphere Defined shadows.accentuating of objects and zones.can be used for efficient task lighting Indirect light Light which reaches the required plane having been first reflected off another surface such as a wall or a ceiling. Losses in the process of reflection generally mean that greater power is required to reach an acceptable lighting result and, for optimum results, reflective surfaces should be finished in a light or pastel colour. Properties.Excellent uniformity of illumination in the space.soft shadows and outlines.high degree of visual comfort 13

14 Lighting fixtures Ceiling mounted lighting fixtures Ceiling mounted lighting fixtures are installed directly on the ceiling and can be used to provide directional and/or general light. These fixtures are usually self- contained and include any required transformer or control gear as an integral component, because of this you can connect them directly to a 230V supply, but they are sometimes a little bulky. Always check that the ceiling is high enough to accommodate the luminaire without causing an obstruction. A mistake is often made by installing just one lighting fixture in the centre of the room, with enough power to illuminate the entire space. This results in a concentration of light and a bland appearance with no atmosphere. It is much better to use several fittings of lower power, strategically placed around the room. Note: If you can touch the lighting fixture with an extended arm when installed above an open area of the floor (not above furniture, a bath or a table) persons will automatically be inclined to bend their head. Suspended Lighting Fixtures Suspended Lighting Fixtures have an important decorative function and are always an eye catcher. These lighting fixtures augment an interior with light and shape! This type of fixture is not generally suitable for use in a bathroom due to the constraints of regulations, but can provide a special touch. The bathroom must be large enough and high enough and the fitting of a suitable type for use within a bathroom. 14

15 2011 Wall lighting fixtures Fixtures are available to mount on or in a wall and can provide direct or indirect light. Surface mounted indirect lighting fixtures can create a very beautiful effect with defined beams of light projecting up, down or up and down, accentuating the architecture of the wall. This is a subtle way to add weight to a room and to create a feeling of space. Recessed wall fittings are frequently used in a bathroom with a low ceiling or as basic lighting in a small WC. DOWN-lights Down-lights are very popular for creating atmosphere and for basic lighting, as well as for accent lighting. Recessed and with minimal trim, these fixtures can provide a very discreet way to illuminate a space. They are available in various finishes, shapes and colours, with trim for quick installation or without trim for a seamless finish. Sometimes restrictions in available ceiling recess space can make down-lights unsuitable, but in any case, they should be used only as part of a lighting scheme. Pure downlighting will generally create a tunnel effect with strong shadows, a dark ceiling and partly illuminated walls. Due to these effects, some tasks mentioned earlier will be next to impossible without a supplementary lighting source e.g. The make-up mirror! Note: Never install spotlights directly above a bath as to avoid an uncomfortable glare. LINEAR LIGHTING FIXTURES With luminares based on modern LED or Linear Fluorescent sources we can create extremely narrow lines of light. Built into and hidden in a recess at the junction of ceiling and wall or between walls, the result is a subtle clean light, which skims the wall or the ceiling. Linear lighting fixtures are also used to accentuate some shapes in the architectural environment, or to define a zone with light. Because this type of light-line can be tailor made, they are suitable for any space or purpose. Note: Linear lighting fixtures can be tailor made, so they are suitable for any space or purpose. In the case of a mirror, LED or fluorescent linear lighting fixtures can be tailor made to fit. floor spots Floor spots are built into a floor, projecting an upward beam and can be located to create very atmospheric light patterns on a wall. With many beam angles and colour options, up-lighting can be used for discrete but creative atmospheric lighting, or simple orientation lighting. With LED technology this form of lighting is now also well suited for bathrooms due to their generic ingress protection (IP rating) and the general coolrunning of the light source. Before the introduction of LED, it would have been considered dangerous to fit floor spots. The use of floor spots creates a mysterious, cinematic atmosphere in the bathroom and they are most often used in bigger spaces. 15

16 16 Above a bath it is important to avoid direct glare and GEENA from TAL is the ideal candidate for an eye-catching and fun but glare-free option.

17 2011 As a basic light, HELAX is an attractive fixture which still provides for pleasant general lighting. In this concept we also used our CHROMOS for atmospheric lighting. The choice of colour matches that chosen for the GEENA used above the bath. CHROMOS will create a very beautiful radiation on the wall. Task lighting is integrated into the mirror and provides eye-level diffused lighting. 17

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19 2011 General Lighting A glaring central light point in the bathroom is a shock to the system when you just wake up. It also creates a very flat appearance and deep shadows. Consider working with indirect lighting for the general lighting level. If the bathroom is big enough opt to use some wall lighting fixtures to project some light onto the ceiling. Another option is to work with trimless built-in lighting fixtures which provide soft and diffused light whilst blending perfectly into the fabric of the space. If you have to fit down-lights above a bath, use fixtures with a diffuse glass to minimize glare. Down-lights work well for a shower cubicle or for other small spaces where glare is not an issue. If possible it is often better to use several spots with less power; 3 spots of 20 Watt create a better atmosphere than 1 spot of 50 Watt. For supplementary lighting, a wall can be illuminated by means of skimming with linear lighting or a number of directional spotlights. Alternatively, a theatrical effect can be created by using floorspots. REMARKS: Use indirect light as general lighting A spotlight above a bath can be very glaring If it is necessary, always use a fitting with a diffusing glass. 19

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21 2011 Lighting on the mirror/ wash-hand basin Illumination for a mirror must be clear enough for shaving or for make-up apllication, but soft enough to follow the contours of the face. Ideally, use lighting fixtures on both sides of the mirror to illuminate the face and not the mirror. These lighting fixtures should be installed at eye-level to be most effective. It is a big mistake to use directional spotlights close to the mirror, as this will create strong shadows on the face. Sometimes it is impractical, impossible or unaesthetic to install lighting fixtures beside the mirror, and in this case we have no other choice but to install the fixture above the mirror. To minimize shadows from such a single source, be sure to use a linear source, which will evenly spread the light across the face. REMARKS: Eye level diffused light in combination with spots. Use a good RA if you are working with diffused fluorescent lamps. 21

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23 2011 Illumination in the shower In a shower stall we always advise providing a good level of light. As a preference, use directional spotlighting with a diffuser, which will illuminate the entire shower stall without any glare. (minimum IP 44). Fittings can be chosen with a finish to match (e.gchrome) taps and accessories for a completely coherent look and feel. In the case of bigger shower spaces, such as a walk-in shower, we can also incorporate built-in wall lighting which will softly illuminate the shower area via an asymmetric reflector (minimum IP65). Chromotherapy The shower area can be used as a therapy and weel-being area by incorporating coloured light as part of a stimulus to suit the mood. Here we can use RGB illumination, the colour of which can be selected depending on the state of mind of the user. Examples: POSITION SHOWER TAP COLOUR AROMA TYPE MUSIC Relaxing shower: champagne jet green light chocolate smell classic music Revitalizing shower: rain jet blue light lime smell jazz music Energy shower: massage jet red light guava smell metal music This can be fine-tuned as part of a treatment or therapy. 23

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25 2011 Illumination in the lavatory Never use a spotlight in the lavatory! Ideally choose discrete lighting from for instance a wall lighting fixture, which creates a reflection on the wall and the ceiling. Always consider the level of illuminance. REMARKS: Use orientational lighting into the lavatory as night illumination which could come on in conjunction with the hall lighting. No spots above the lavatory. 25

26 Technical Lighting colour temperature Light is perception, and one of the most important factors is the colour of the light. Naturally we consider light as being white, but white light can vary considerably across a wide spectrum range. White light can have anything from a red tint, through yellow, to a blue hue. This tint or colour temperature is very important for our perception. Red tints tend to be associated with warmth and conviviality, whilst the blue end of the spectrum is considered more cold and clinical. The difference between these tints is expressed by a value of colour temperature between low frequency Infra-red and high frequency Ultra-Violet (expressed in KELVIN) candle light heavy sunlight sunrise TL-lamps standard daylight 1800K 4000K 5500K 8000K 12000K 16000K 2700K Light bulb LED s, energy saving lamps and halogen sources have colour temperatures ranging between 2700 K and 4000 K. Thus the higher the colour temperature, the colder the light. Warm white: less than 3000 K Neutral white: 3300 K 5300 K Cool white: from 5300 K and more For a bathroom with warm colours and materials such as wood, always use a light source with a warm colour temperature, which will tend to enhance the atmosphere and ambience of the space. The use of golden reflectors can also help to reduce the colour temperature of the light source, creating an even warmer and cozier atmosphere. Cold light can be used when in combination with cold materials such as corian or chrome, and when we want to emphasise an hygienic environment. Because our eyes are more sensitive to cold light it will always tend to give the impression that there is more light, allowing the use of less power when compared to warm light. Combinations can also be used in order to obtain specific effects or to accentuate a certain kind of material. Colour RENDERING Not all artificial light sources reproduce colours in the same way when compared with observation during daytime (sunlight). Under sunlight we see what we consider to be the true colour of an object. We use this as a control and have developed a scale or colour rendering-index to express how we recognize or distinguish the colours under different kinds of artificial light. The range of the colour rendering-index is measured between 0 and 100, where 100 is considered equal to sunlight. A high value of more than 80 suggests that all colours are reproduced very well, whereas a low value of less than 50, points to the fact that colour recognition is difficult or even impossible. For task lighting in a bathroom, always use a source with a colour rendering-index higher than 80. Around of the mirror, use a lamp with a colour rendering-index of more than

27 2011 Example: TL light A compact or linear fluorescent lamp exists in a variety of different types. Those types are indicated on the envelope of the lamp E.G. T16-24W/940 24W: Power rating of the lamp, namely 24Watts. In the case of linear lamps, this also indicates the length. A 24Watt T16 lamp is always approximately 560mm long. 940: The first figure represents the colour rendering index; 9 means a colour rendering of 90 The second figure represents the colour temperature, in this case 40 means 4000 K (neutral white) T16-35W/827 35W: Power rating of the lamp, namely 35Watts. In the case of linear lamps, this also indicates the length. A 35Watt T16 lamp is always approximately 1460mm long 827: The first figure represents the colour rendering index; 8 means a colour rendering of 80 The second figure represents the colour temperature, in this case 27 means 2700 K (warm white) OVERVIEW LIGHT SOURCES LAMP SERVICE LIFE COLOUR RENDERING QUANTITY OF LIGHT COLOUR TEMPERATURE GLOW LAMP 2700K HALOGEN BULB ( ) 2800K 3200K FLUO BULB ( ) (2700K)-3000K 4000K 6500K POWERLED ( ) (2700K)-3000K 4000K 6500K = moderate = good = excellent 27

28 Safety in Lighting* Electricity and water are no friends. Because of this electrical safety is very important in a bathroom. First of all we have to look at the zone where the lighting fixtures are to be installed. In a bathroom there are 4 defined zones, and depending on the percentage moisture in the zones: Zone 0 means completely wet, where the most stringent requirements are applied through to Zone 3, the dry zone, where there are no special requirements. All electrical circuits within a bathroom, including lighting points must be provided with RCD protection with a sensitivity of 30mA or less. 120cm 60cm Zone3 Zone1 Zone 1 Zone 2 radius 60cm 225cm Zone 2 Zone 0 IP Zoning Zone 0 Inside the bath or shower. Any fittings used here must be SELV (max. 12V) and have a minimum rating of IPX7 (protected against immersion in water). If there s the likelihood of water jets being used for cleaning purposes, a minimum of IPX5 is required for the light fittings or electrical devices. IP Zoning Zone 1 Above the bath or shower to a height of 2.25m. A minimum rating of IPX4 is required. If there s the likelihood of water jets being used for cleaning purposes, a minimum of IPX5 is required for the light fittings or electrical devices. IP Zoning Zone 2 This is the area stretching to 0.6m outside the bath or shower and above the bath or shower if over 2.25m. An IP rating of at least IPX4 is required. The same as in zone 1 If there s the likelihood of water jets being used for cleaning purposes, a minimum of IPX5 is required for the light fittings or electrical devices. IP Zoning Anywhere outside zones 0, 1, and 2 this is where water jets are not to be used for cleaning purposes, the general rules of BS7671 apply. IP not essential IP rating is not required. In zones 1 and 2, SELV or V luminaires may be used(remember to respect the IP rating required). As for the final circuits, they all require 30mA RCD protection. Please Note: The above information is intended as a guide only if you want to find out more detailed information on the IP rating and the IP Zoning in the Bathrooms, please refer to the IEE Wiring Regulations(BS 7671:2001 section 601). Remark: For lighting fixtures installed above a shower, and which are within zone 3, it is advisable to use a lighting fixture with IPrating of minimum 44 because of the service life of the fixture and the lamp. These lighting fixtures are better suited to operating in moist conditions. (*) Safety points are based on the 17th edition of the IEE wiring regulations. 28

29 2011 IP44 IP65 IP54 IP VALUES The ingress protection (IP rating) of a lighting fixture is determined by an international standard IEC This standard records the IP rating according to the following requirements. It registers the level of protection against penetration of solid objects and moisture. The first figure registers the protection against penetration of solid objects. The second figure registers the protection against penetration of moisture. Protection against objects and dust (1st IP figure) Protection against water (2nd IP figure) IP 0X not protected IP X0 not protected IP 1X protected against objects with a diameter > 50 mm IP X1 protected against dripping water IP 2X protected against objects with a diameter > 12 mm IP X2 - protected against dripping water by a 15 slanting angle IP 3X protected against objects with a diameter > 2,5 mm IP X3 protected against sprinkling water by a 60 slanting angle IP 4X protected against objects with a diameter > 1 mm IP X4 protected against splashing water from each angle IP 5X protected against dust IP X5 protected against jets of water IP 6X dust-proof IP X6 protected against heavy shower IP X7 protected against submersion IP X8 protected against a permanent stay under water Examples from some lighting fixtures with their IP ratings: IP67 FLOORSPOTS IP65 ONE EYE WINDOW Greg Indy (without convertor) SPLIT OUT BRIX UP WIX IP44 forum out bull out propellar out B4 IP54 b4 trimless IP54 br4 IP54 simplon SPLASH click square down helax IP54 IP54 IP44 29

30 Example Lighting calculation 1 Project 1 TAL nv Joos De Ter Beerstlaan 33 B 8740 Pittem Operator Lighting Consultancy Telephone Fax tom@tal.be Room 1 / 1 3 Project TAL nv Joos De Ter Beerstlaan 33 B 8740 Pittem Operator Lighting Consultancy Telephone Fax tom@tal.be TAL LABORATORIES Room 1 / Workplane / Isolines (E) m Spotlight with mat glass for general lighting 2 U profile: line-light Spotlight with mat glass, diffuse light, no blinding m Position of surface in room: Marked point: (0.000 m, m, m) Values in Lux, Scale 1 : 50 Grid: 128 x 128 Points E av [lx] E min [lx] E max [lx] u0 E min / E max

31 2011 Example lighting calculation 2 Project TAL nv Joos De Ter Beerstlaan 33 B 8740 Pittem Operator Lighting Consultancy Telephone Fax tom@tal.be Room 1 / 3D Rendering 1 4 Project TAL nv Operator Telephone Fax Joos De Ter Beerstlaan 33 B 8740 Pittem Lighting Consultancy tom@tal.be TAL LABORATORIES Room 1 / Workplane / Isolines (E) LED above the tap and the foot of the bath can provide an extra atmosphere 2 Head-on diffuse light on the face 3 Spotlight with mat glass for general light m m 4 Position of surface in room: Marked point: (0.020 m, m, m) 31 Grid: 128 x 128 Points E [lx] Discrete diffuse light on the lavatory Values in Lux, Scale 1 : 50 E [lx] E [lx] E /E Page

32 Joos de ter Beerstlaan Pittem Belgium T +32 (0) F +32 (0) info@tal.be