FIM FUNDAMENTALS OF FILMMAKING CINEMATOGRAPHY
|
|
- Annabel Stevenson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Color Temperature and Filters SCHOOL OF FILMMAKING 1533 S. Main Street Winston-Salem, North Carolina FIM FUNDAMENTALS OF FILMMAKING CINEMATOGRAPHY So what is color temperature and why is it so important? In 1900, a German physicist by the name of Max Planck discovered that a black body, such as a piece of iron, gives off various colors of light as it is heated. For example, imagine a piece of iron heated in a blacksmith s furnace: the iron starts off black but begins to glow red when it is placed in the coals. As the temperature rises, the iron goes from red to yellow until it eventually glows bluish-white as it reaches its maximum temperature. Planck took his discovery and developed what he called Planck s radiation formula, which defined a standard for the color of light based on the temperature of a theoretical black body measured in degrees Kelvin. Because of this standard of measure, which we now call color temperature, we can accurately identify, match, and compare different colors of light. For example, candlelight has a color temperature of 1850 K, while a 1000W incandescent Tungsten lamp has a color temperature of 3200 K. Sunlight has a color temperature of 5600 K. If we think back to the iron being in the blacksmith s fire, the candle would be in the red zone while the 1000W incandescent Tungsten lamp would be more yellow, and the sunlight would be approaching blue. Color temperature is important to understand, because digital and video photography want light sources of the same color temperature illuminating a scene for accurate reproduction of colors. Some other Color Temperatures Light Source Match Flame Candle Flame Sunrise/Sunset Household Tungsten Bulbs Tungsten Studio Lights Quartz Lights Fluorescent Lights Early Morning or Late Afternoon Direct Sun at Noon Average Daylight (Sunlight + Skylight) RGB Monitor Overcast Sky Color Temperature K K K K 3200 K K K 4300 K K K 6500 K 6000 K 1
2 Filters 3 Key Categories The easiest way to understand the world of filters is to group them by function. Almost every filter falls under one of the following 3 categories: Chromatic, Non-Chromatic, and Special Effect. Chromatic (color) filters are used to change, alter, or balance the color content of light. Chromatic filters include several sub groups all of which affect color in some way or another: color compensating, color conversion, color enhancing, color balancing, and black-&-white contrast effects. Non-Chromatic filters are used to change or modify the behavior or intensity of light. This group includes: polarizers, NDs, UV-absorbing, and optical flats. Special-Effect filters are used to change or modify the physical aspects of the image. This category is quite diverse and includes many groups: diffusions, mists, frosts, low cons, fogs, star effects, center clears, diopters, and multi-image attachments. With the use of certain filters we can alter the color temperature of the light source. NOTE: ALL IMAGES ARE FROM THE TIFFEN FILTERS WEB SITE. Chromatic Filters Color Conversion There are basically two types of light sources used for filming Tungsten Light and Daylight. Tungsten - (3200 K) Standard studio lighting fixtures are called TUNGSTEN LIGHTS because originally the filaments in all studio lamps were made of tungsten. Tungsten balanced lights have a color temperature of roughly 3200 K. Film labeled "Tungsten" is designed to reproduce light of 3200 K as white. 2
3 Daylight - (5600 K) Daylight is generally considered to have a color temperature of around 5600 K, although various sources sometimes put it at 5400 K or 5800 K. This reading is an average of both direct sunlight and skylight taken at midday. Any film labeled "daylight balanced" is designed to reproduce light of near 5600 K as white. Conversion Filters All color films come balanced for use in either daylight or tungsten light. By using a conversion filter you can use either film in either lighting situation and still achieve a proper color balance. CONVERSION FILTERS are filters designed to convert one color balance to another. Since there are two major types of color balance (tungsten and daylight) there are two major conversion filters for use in either situation. 85 FILTER The #85 Filter corrects the color when using tungsten balanced film in daylight. Light entering the filter with a temperature of 5600 K (daylight) leaves the filter with a temperature of 3400 K (tungsten). The filter appears amber or orange in color because it "warms" light passing through it. Since not all of the light which enters the filter leaves it (some blue light is absorbed and prevented from passing through) there is a certain amount of light loss associated with this filter and an adjustment must be made in the exposure of the film. When using a #85 filter an exposure compensation of 2/3 of a stop is required. When shooting with film, the #85 filter is probably the most commonly used filter. 80A FILTER The #80A Filter - corrects the color when using daylight balanced film under tungsten lights. Light entering the filter with a color temperature of 3200 K (tungsten) leaves the filter with a temperature of 5600 K (daylight). The filter appears blue in color because it "cools" the light passing through it. Because a #80A filter absorbs so much more light than a #85, when using a #80A filter an exposure compensation of 2 full stops is required. Without 80A Filter With 80A Filter 3
4 Because a #80A filter eats up so much light, and because there is usually so much more daylight available outside, from the sun, than there is tungsten light available inside, from the less powerful studio lights, most motion picture film is balanced for tungsten illumination. For this reason the #85 filter is used much more frequently then the #80A. Coral Filters Enhancing Filters In order to "warm" up a scene, a director of photography may use a coral filter on the camera. This may be done when filming a sunset or a fireside scene in order to make the scene appear slightly warmer. Another use of the coral filter is when filming outside in daylight. Because the color temperature of daylight changes from early morning to late afternoon, the director of photography may use a specific coral filter along with, or in place of, the 85 filter to give the scene a slightly warmer look. Coral filters come in varying densities and an exposure compensation is required based on the density of the filter. In order to create brighter reds, oranges and rust browns when filming, a director of photography may use the enhancing filter. While creating spectacular effects on the reds and oranges in the shot, it has very little effect on other colors. This filter is especially useful when filming fall foliage. The enhancing filter requires an exposure compensation of 1 1/2-2 stops. Without Enhancing With Enhancing 4
5 Without Enhancing With Enhancing & Polarizer Graduated Filters Sometimes we only want to alter a portion of the frame with a specific filter. To do this the director of photography would use a graduated or grad filter. Only half of the filter contains the specific filter while the remaining half is clear. For example we may use a Neutral Density Grad or a Coral Grad for certain effects. Some graduated filters also come in varying densities. Without Blue Grad With Blue Grad Without Blue Grad With Blue Grad 5
6 Non-Chromatic Filters Neutral Density ND3 ND6 ND9 NEUTRAL DENSITY FILTERS (ND's) are used to reduce the amount of light reaching the film or the sensor if shooting in the digital format. This is often necessary when shooting outdoors under extremely bright conditions. It may be that the existing light would require you to stop down to an T-stop greater than the lens has. As an example: Let s say you're shooting at the beach on a bright sunny day with EI 200 film. It would not be unusual to have need of an T-stop around T-22 or even T-32, but most lenses only stop down to T-16 and high speed lenses only to T-11. A neutral density filter would block some of the bright light before it gets to the lens and allow you to continue shooting at a suitable aperture. Another use of ND Filters is to reduce the depth of field by allowing us to shoot at a wider aperture. This is often done to throw a background out of focus or to get a more pronounced "rack focus" effect at a specific moment in the shot. Whatever the reason, ND filters can often be used to reduced depth of field. ND filters use a numeric designation to indicate how much they reduce the exposure. These ND numbers are each equal to one EI increment (1/3 of a stop). Three ND values are equal to one full stop. The most commonly used ND filters are the full stop increments, ND3, ND6 and ND9. When using these, you must remember to adjust your exposure accordingly. The ND 3 requires an exposure compensation of 1 stop, the ND6, 2 stops and the ND9, 3 stops. Without ND6 Filter With ND6 Filter 6
7 Polarizing Filters POLARIZERS are used to reduce reflections from shiny, nonmetallic surfaces such as glass, water or wet pavement. A polarizing filter can be rotated to block light traveling along a given plane, greatly reducing or even eliminating reflections from that surface. Polarizers do their best at reducing reflections when the camera can be positioned at an angle close to 45 o to the object being photographed. Without Polarizer With Polarizer Without Polarizer With Polarizer In addition to reducing reflections, polarizers may be used to darken the sky at certain angles to the sun. Much of what we see as blue sky is actually composed of sun light reflected by air and dust particles. A polarizer can reduce some of these reflections and give the sky a darker appearance. Polarizers work best on areas of the sky which are near 90 to the sun. When using a polarizer filter, you must adjust your exposure by 1 1/2 to 2 stops. Check the polarizer you are using in order to know exactly what your exposure compensation should be. 7
8 Without Polarizer With Polarizer Optical Flat (Clear) A special filter, which should be included in every camera package, is the optical flat. It is an optically corrected, clear piece of glass which has many uses. Many times during filming there may be something being projected towards the camera for the particular shot. The optical flat may be placed in front of the lens to protect it from the projectile. You also may be shooting in windy situations where dust and dirt may be blown towards the lens or if on the beach, water may be blown towards the lens. The optical flat will protect the front element of the lens from these objects. In addition, the optical flat can be used to cut down on the noise level of the camera. Much of the noise from the camera comes out through the lens. By placing an optical flat in front of the lens, you can reduce this noise and achieve a quiet sync sound take during shooting. So, if the sound mixer asks you to place an optical flat on the camera, it usually means that he is hearing some camera noise through the microphone. Special-Effect Filters Diffusion Filters When we talk about diffusion filters, there are many types and styles of filters that we are referring to. A general definition of a diffusion filter is, a filter which is used to soften the image or look of the picture. A diffusion filter is usually made of glass containing a rippled surface which prevents the light from focusing sharply. It will produce an image where fine details are not clearly visible. Some diffusion filters give the appearance that the image is out of focus. One of the most common uses of diffusion filters is to soften any facial blemishes on an actor or to help soften the image of an actor or actress who has many wrinkles in their skin. Some names of the most commonly used diffusion filters are, Tiffen Diffusion, Harrison & Harrison Diffusion, Black Dot Texture Screen, Black Pro-Mist, White Pro-Mist, Soft Net, Net, and Supa-Frost. Two very popular types of diffusion filters being used today are the Tiffen Black Pro-Mist and White Pro-Mist. The White Pro-Mist softens the image without causing it to appear out of focus. It also spreads light slightly by creating a small amount of flare from light sources and it will slightly reduce the contrast. The Black Pro-Mist softens the image with a more subtle flare from light sources and slightly reduces contrast by lightening shadows and darkening highlights. Soft Nets and Nets actually are in a separate category called nets. A net may be any fine mesh type material which is placed on the camera and acts as a diffuser. In the early days of filmmaking, many Directors of Photography would stretch a stocking material over the front of the lens to create the diffusion effect. With the exception of the Black Dot Texture Screens and some nets, diffusion filters require no exposure compensation. All diffusion filters are available in sets ranging in density from very light to heavy diffusion. Through experimentation and use of the filters, a director of photography usually knows which filter to use for a specific application or effect. 8
9 Without Diffusion Without Diffusion With Pro-Mist 2 With Pro-Mist 3 Fog Filters and Double Fog Filters In order to simulate the effects of fog we would use what is called a fog filter or double fog filter. In a real fog situation, the fog causes lights to flare and this is produced by the fog or double fog filter. The fog filters are also available in sets ranging in density from very light to very heavy. No exposure compensation is needed when using these filters. Without Fog With Fog 3 With Double Fog 3 9
10 Low Contrast Filters In order to lighten the shadow areas of a scene, a director of photography may use a low contrast filter on the camera. This causes the light from the highlight areas of the scene to bleed into the shadow areas which produces a lower contrast. In other words, it lightens the shadows without affecting the highlight areas. They do not soften the image or make it appear out of focus like diffusion filters do. As with diffusion and fog filters they are available in varying densities. No exposure compensation is required for these filters. Soft Contrast Filters A director of photography may also use a soft contrast filter to lower the contrast in a slightly different manner. It is different from the low contrast filter because it darkens highlights without affecting the shadow areas. They are also available in varying densities. No exposure compensation is required for these filters. Ultra Contrast Filters Another way to lower the overall contrast of a scene is to use the ultra contrast filter. This filter lowers the contrast evenly throughout the scene by equally lightening the shadow areas and darkening the highlight areas. They are available in varying densities and require no exposure compensation. Without Filter With Utra Contrast 3 10
11 Star Filters STAR FILTERS are used to produce lines from bright objects (point sources) in the scene to produce star like effects. The surface of the filter has lines etched into it which run in the direction of the star points. Depending how many lines are etched you may have 2, 4, 6 or 8 pointed stars (4 and 6 are the most commonly used). Because the lines form a texture screen star filters tend to act as diffusers and often "soften" shots they are used to photograph. As with other texture screens, care must be taken to avoid getting too much depth of field and focusing on the filter itself. No exposure compensation is required for star filters. Without Filter North Star Hyper Star Vector Star Holywood Star There are currently over two hundred types of filters available for your use. The above named filters are only a sampling of what may be available to the cinematographer. This small listing is intended to give you a basic understanding of the most commonly used filters. 11
12 Filter Sizes Filters are manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and formats for use in many types of media, with different aspect ratios, different types of lenses, cameras, etc... COMMON FILTER SIZES 6.6 X 6.6 Square 4 X mm Round 4.5 Round 4 X 4 Square 3 X 3 Square Series 9 Round Filter F-Stop/T-Stop Compensation (Open Aperture) Filter F-Stop/T-Stop Compensation (Open Aperture) 85 2/3 80A 2 85 N3 1 2/3 80B 1 2/3 85 N6 2 2/3 80C 1 85 N9 3 2/3 81A, 81B, 81C 1/3 LLD 0 81EF 2/3 ND /3 ND A 1/3 ND B 2/3 Polarizer 1 ½ B 2/3 Optical Flat 0 85C 1/3 Enhancer 1 Diopter 0 FLB 1 UV 0 FLD 1 Sky 1-A 0 Fog, Double Fog 0 Haze 1 0 Contrast (Low, Soft, Ultra) 0 Haze 2 0 Black Dot 1 Warm UV 1/3 Pro Mist 0 Soft Net 1/3 2/3 Warm Pro Mist 1/3 Coral, Sepia Based on Density Soft F/X 0 12
13 COMPARISON OF FILTER SIZES The following is from the Arri 35 Book, Second Edition by Jon Fauer, published by Arriflex Corporation,
Color Temperature Color temperature is distinctly different from color and also it is different from the warm/cold contrast described earlier.
Color Temperature Color temperature is distinctly different from color and also it is different from the warm/cold contrast described earlier. Color temperature describes the actual temperature of a black
More informationsunpak picturesplus filters
a lifetime of better pictures guaranteed! sunpak picturesplus filters see us in a new light for film cameras digital cameras camcorders cine cameras introducing sunpak picturesplus filters Our trusted
More informationFORMATT HITECH LTD THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR ALL FORMATS
FORMATT HITECH LTD THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR ALL FORMATS FORMATT HITECH LTD Unit 23 Aberaman Park Industrial Estate Aberdare CF44 6DA Tel: +44 (0) 1685 870979 Fax: +44 (0) 1685 877007 Website: www.formatt.co.uk
More informationFilters for the digital age
Chapter 9-Filters Filters for the digital age What is a filter? Filters are simple lens attachments that screw into or fit over the front of a lens to alter the light coming through the lens. Filters
More informationTopic 6 - Lens Filters: A Detailed Look
Getting more from your Camera Topic 6 - Lens Filters: A Detailed Look Learning Outcomes In this lesson, we will take a detailed look at lens filters and study the effects of a variety of types of filter
More informationFilters for the digital age
Chapter 9-Filters Filters for the digital age What is a filter? Filters are simple lens attachments that screw into or fit over the front of a lens to alter the light coming through the lens. Filters
More informationLight Sources. Hard VS Soft
Light Sources This article is provided to you as a courtesy of The Pro Doodler. www.theprodoodler.com your best source for all of your graphic design needs. Copyright 2009 by The Pro Doodler. In the beginning
More informationABSTRACT INTRODUCTION METHOD
ABSTRACT This research project aims to investigate and illustrate the effects a light source s spectral distribution and colour temperature has on photographic image colour reproduction, and how this often
More informationCOURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: BASIC PHOTOGRAPHIC
COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: BASIC PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT - 4 : CAMERA CONTROLS - 4 TOPIC: LENS HOOD AND FILTERS OBJECTIVES
More informationPHOTOGRAPHER S GUIDE TO THE PANASONIC LUMIX LX7
PHOTOGRAPHER S GUIDE TO THE PANASONIC LUMIX LX7 In Intelligent Auto, Creative Control, and Scene shooting modes, ISO is set to Auto and the ISO button has no effect for controlling this setting. You also
More informationWorking with your Camera
Topic 6 White Balance Learning Outcomes In this topic, you will learn about the role of white balance in your photography and what this means for you when working with colour on your DSLR. Light Light
More informationDocumenting your production made easy.
What to do before you start shooting Documenting your production made easy. Like most things, filmmaking has a distinct process already in place. Following this order of operations will help your production.
More informationDSLR FOCUS MODES. Single/ One shot Area Continuous/ AI Servo Manual
DSLR FOCUS MODES Single/ One shot Area Continuous/ AI Servo Manual Single Area Focus Mode The Single Area AF, also known as AF-S for Nikon or One shot AF for Canon. A pretty straightforward way to acquire
More informationFailure is a crucial part of the creative process. Authentic success arrives only after we have mastered failing better. George Bernard Shaw
PHOTOGRAPHY 101 All photographers have their own vision, their own artistic sense of the world. Unless you re trying to satisfy a client in a work for hire situation, the pictures you make should please
More informationLIGHTING HANDBOOK. How to Get The Most. From Your New ARRI Kit. b y B i l l H o l s h e v n i k o f f SECOND EDITION
LIGHTING HANDBOOK SECOND EDITION How to Get The Most From Your New ARRI Kit b y B i l l H o l s h e v n i k o f f I m a g e s a n d T e x t 2 0 0 5 b y B i l l H o l s h e v n i k o f f For more detailed
More informationDIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR OBJECT DOCUMENTATION GOOD, BETTER, BEST
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR OBJECT DOCUMENTATION GOOD, BETTER, BEST INTRODUCTION This document will introduce participants in the techniques and procedures of collection documentation without the necessity
More informationThe. of Light. You Should Understand as a Photographer. Written By: Jason Row
The Characteristics of Light You Should Understand as a Photographer Written By: Jason Row 02 CONTENTS The Characteristics of Light You Should Understand as a Photographer >> p.03 Light and Shade >> p.04
More informationProfessional MPTV Filters
Professional MPTV Filters for Cinematography and Photography European Price List 7701 Haskell Ave, Van Nuys, CA 91406 TEL: +1 (818) 766-3715 FAX: +1 (818) 505-9865 285 Oser Ave, Hauppauge, NY 11788 TEL:
More informationTravel Photography & Advanced Photographic Techniques
Travel Photography & Advanced Photographic Techniques Presented by Tallahassee Senior Center Volunteer Instructor: Dr. Mike Francis Email: drmikef@comcast.net Website: http://www.maf1.com/dcc 2006-2016
More informationIntro to Photography. Yearbook Mrs. Townsend
Intro to Photography Yearbook Mrs. Townsend To begin with Photography is about telling a story. Good photographers use an image to make a point without words. People remember pictures of events long after
More informationCAMERA BASICS. Stops of light
CAMERA BASICS Stops of light A stop of light isn t a quantifiable measurement it s a relative measurement. A stop of light is defined as a doubling or halving of any quantity of light. The word stop is
More informationThe White Paper: Considerations for Choosing White Point Chromaticity for Digital Cinema
The White Paper: Considerations for Choosing White Point Chromaticity for Digital Cinema Matt Cowan Loren Nielsen, Entertainment Technology Consultants Abstract Selection of the white point for digital
More informationName Digital Imaging I Chapters 9 12 Review Material
Name Digital Imaging I Chapters 9 12 Review Material Chapter 9 Filters A filter is a glass or plastic lens attachment that you put on the front of your lens to protect the lens or alter the image as you
More informationUV Protector. UV Haze-1 STANDARD & WIDE ANGLE PROTECTION AND UV FILTERS
PROTECTION & UV FILTERS FILTERS Film is very sensitive to ultraviolet light. This often shows up as a bluish cast in images or as a low-contrast haze that diminishes details. UV filters absorb ultraviolet
More informationTABLETOP WORKSHOP. Janet Steyer
QUALITIES OF LIGHT There are 6 qualities of light. TABLETOP WORKSHOP Janet Steyer 03-19-05 The first 3 QUALITIES OF LIGHT can be measured. They can also be manipulated after a photograph is taken. You
More informationH22: Lamps and Colour
page 1 of 5 H22: Lamps and Colour James H Nobbs Colour4Free.org Each type of light source provides a different distribution of power within the spectrum. For example, daylight has more power in the blue/green
More informationI. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 BHARAT SEVAK SAMAJ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, PROMOTED BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS BSS NATIONAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION MISSION MSS001-BSS DIPLOMA IN DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY ONE YEAR
More informationGlossary of Terms (Basic Photography)
Glossary of Terms (Basic ) Ambient Light The available light completely surrounding a subject. Light already existing in an indoor or outdoor setting that is not caused by any illumination supplied by
More informationPLANT + SHOOT GARDENER S PHOTOGRAPHY SERIES (GPS) GET GREAT GARDEN PHOTOS ON A CLOUDY DAY
PLANT + SHOOT GARDENER S PHOTOGRAPHY SERIES (GPS) GET GREAT GARDEN PHOTOS ON A CLOUDY DAY GARDENER S PHOTOGRAPHY SERIES (GPS) GET GREAT GARDEN PHOTOS ON A CLOUDY DAY Copyright 2017 Tonya Peele. All rights
More informationCINEMA FILTERS. nisifilters.com.au nisifilters.co.nz
Since our beginning over ten years ago, NiSi has devoted itself to the research and development of filters. Today, NiSi is at the forefront of optical technology. They combine the highest quality glass
More informationUnderstanding White Balance
You are here: Home > Tutorials > Understanding White Balance [ Normal View ] Understanding White Balance If you come from the world of films, you may remember using filters to correct for incandescent
More informationPhotoshop Elements 3 Filters
Photoshop Elements 3 Filters Many photographers with SLR cameras (digital or film) attach filters, such as the one shown at the right, to the front of their lenses to protect them from dust and scratches.
More informationCINEMATOGRAPHER S FIELD GUIDE
CINEMATOGRAPHER S FIELD GUIDE Cinematographer s Field Guide KODAK MOTION PICTURE CAMERA FILMS Cinematographer s Twelfth Edition, January 2006 Eastman Kodak Company, 2006 ISBN 0-87985-749-8 Library of Congress
More informationTENT APPLICATION GUIDE
TENT APPLICATION GUIDE ALZO 100 TENT KIT USER GUIDE 1. OVERVIEW 2. Tent Kit Lighting Theory 3. Background Paper vs. Cloth 4. ALZO 100 Tent Kit with Point and Shoot Cameras 5. Fixing color problems 6. Using
More informationForm 4: Integrated Science Notes TOPIC NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
Form 4: Integrated Science Notes TOPIC NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OBJECTIVES: 1. Define natural and artificial lighting. 2. Use of fluorescent and filament lamps. 3. Investigation of white light and
More informationFlash Points: The Control of Light
OCTOBER 4, 2018 ADVANCED Flash Points: The Control of Light Three key elements in using photography lighting equipment Featuring LINDSAY SILVERMAN The Nikon Creative Lighting System is built around the
More informationI. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1 BHARAT SEVAK SAMAJ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, PROMOTED BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS BSS NATIONAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION MISSION MSS001-BSS DIPLOMA IN DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY ONE YEAR
More informationFilters & Lens Accessories
Tiffen is a leading manufacturer and distributor of photo accessories and related products. For more information on any of our product lines, visit our website at: www.tiffen.com or for technical assistance,
More informationLighting Techniques 18 The Color of Light 21 SAMPLE
Advanced Evidence Photography Contents Table of Contents General Photographic Principles. 2 Camera Operation 2 Selecting a Lens 2 Focusing 3 Depth of Field 4 Controlling Exposure 6 Reciprocity 7 ISO Speed
More informationTAKING GREAT PICTURES. A Modest Introduction
TAKING GREAT PICTURES A Modest Introduction HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT CAMERA EQUIPMENT WE ARE NOW LIVING THROUGH THE GOLDEN AGE OF PHOTOGRAPHY Rapid innovation gives us much better cameras and photo software...
More informationFilters & Lens Accessories
Tiffen is a leading manufacturer and distributor of photo accessories and related products. For more information on any of our product lines, visit our website at: www.tiffen.com or for technical assistance,
More informationKODAK EKTACHROME 64 Professional Film
TECHNICAL DATA / COLOR TRANSPARENCY FILM June 2003 E-8 KODAK EKTACHROME 64 Professional Film This color transparency film has become the standard of the industry for use in the studio or under controlled
More informationA collection of example photos SB-910
A collection of example photos SB-910 This booklet introduces various SB-910 flash techniques and example photos. 1 En Take a step forward into creative lighting Revealing the textures of your subjects
More informationFilters. We will look at 4 of the most common types of the photographic filter
Using Filters 1 Filters We will look at 4 of the most common types of the photographic filter Protection / UV / Skylight Polarising Graduated Neutral Density Filter Neutral Density Filter Dark Glass 2
More informationChapter 6-Existing Light Photography
Chapter 6-Existing Light Photography All of these images were taken with available light. Painting with light-using available light Photography that includes artificial light which naturally exists in
More informationDigital Photography: Fundamentals of Light, Color, & Exposure Part II Michael J. Glagola - December 9, 2006
Digital Photography: Fundamentals of Light, Color, & Exposure Part II Michael J. Glagola - December 9, 2006 12-09-2006 Michael J. Glagola 2006 2 12-09-2006 Michael J. Glagola 2006 3 -OR- Why does the picture
More informationLITESTAGE USER'S GUIDE
LITESTAGE USER'S GUIDE Note: This is a general user's guide for all of the Litestage models. Equipment shown is not included on all models. For more information on additional equipment and accessories,
More informationKODAK EKTACHROME 64 Professional Film
TECHNICAL DATA / COLOR REVERSAL FILM September 2005 E-8 KODAK EKTACHROME 64 Professional Film This color transparency film has become the standard of the industry for use in the studio or under controlled
More informationCH 12 TERMS MADE BY: ALONDRA, JEREMY, ROSIE, AND YURI
CH 12 TERMS MADE BY: ALONDRA, JEREMY, ROSIE, AND YURI A device used in the film and television industries, as well as 6.1 Photographers, to modify properties of light. There are variations on types of
More informationEDITION 2017/2018 FILTERS CATALOGUE
EDITION 2017/2018 FILTERS CATALOGUE DHG FILTERS UV FILTERS & POLARIZING FILTERS NEUTRAL DENSITY FILTERS SPECIAL EFFECT FILTERS ACHROMATIC CLOSE-UP LENS 03 04 06 08 09 DIGILINE FILTERS UV FILTERS & POLARIZING
More informationUsing Auto FP High-Speed Sync to Illuminate Fast Sports Action
Using Auto FP High-Speed Sync to Illuminate Fast Sports Action by Today s sports photographer not only needs to capture the action, but oftentimes produce a unique feature image for a client. Using Nikon
More informationTHE SCIENCE OF COLOUR
THE SCIENCE OF COLOUR Colour can be described as a light wavelength coming from a light source striking the surface of an object which in turns reflects the incoming light from were it is received by the
More informationFact sheet: Documenting artworks
Fact sheet: Documenting artworks A key skill you need as an emerging visual artist is to take photographs of your artwork. An outline of how to use your camera and key considerations in taking photos follows.
More informationFlash Photography. Malcolm Fackender
Flash Photography Malcolm Fackender Speedlights (Flashes) Many of us will already have one or more speedlights (flashes) in our camera bag. Speedlights are small portable devices that can be used at home
More informationHard Light. Light & Lighting Week 3 11/15/07. Michael W. Blevins Instructor Passing Image 1. The Nature of Light. Soft Light.
Light & Lighting Light Light Quantity Hard Light Soft Light Direction Color Lighting Natural Diffusion Using Reflectors Fill Flash Bounce Flash Direct Flash Although a critical element of photography,
More informationKnow Your Digital Camera
Know Your Digital Camera With Matt Guarnera Sponsored by Topics To Be Covered Understanding the language of cameras. Technical terms used to describe digital camera features will be clarified. Using special
More informationPANAFLASHER INSTRUCTIONS QUESTIONS? CALL: FOR-PANA ( ) Phil Navarro
PANAFLASHER INSTRUCTIONS QUESTIONS? CALL: 1-800-FOR-PANA (1-800-367-7262) Phil Navarro 6-20-95 Instructions Flashing or fogging film with a low intensity light has been practiced since the early days of
More informationaperture, shutter speed
CUDGEGONG C A M E R A C L U B aperture, shutter speed and ISO exposure When you think of the craft or art of photography, you must immediately think of exposure. Exposure is a critical element that determines
More informationUnderstanding and Using Dynamic Range. Eagle River Camera Club October 2, 2014
Understanding and Using Dynamic Range Eagle River Camera Club October 2, 2014 Dynamic Range Simplified Definition The number of exposure stops between the lightest usable white and the darkest useable
More informationCinematographer s Field Guide KODAK MOTION PICTURE CAMERA FILMS
Cinematographer s Field Guide KODAK MOTION PICTURE CAMERA FILMS Cinematographer s Field Guide Twelfth Edition, September 2008 CONTENTS Page No. INTRODUCTION...iv KODAK MOTION PICTURE CAMERA FILMS Introduction...MPF-1
More informationIntro to Digital SLR and ILC Photography Week 1 The Camera Body
Intro to Digital SLR and ILC Photography Week 1 The Camera Body Instructor: Roger Buchanan Class notes are available at www.thenerdworks.com Course Outline: Week 1 Camera Body; Week 2 Lenses; Week 3 Accessories,
More informationThese aren t just cameras
Roger Easley 2016 These aren t just cameras These are computers. Your camera is a specialized computer Creates files of data Has memory Has a screen display Has menus of options for you to navigate Your
More informationEASTMAN EXR 200T Film 5287, 7287
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET TI2124 Issued 6-94 Copyright, Eastman Kodak Company, 1994 EASTMAN EXR 200T Film 5287, 7287 1) Description EASTMAN EXR 200T Film 5287 (35 mm) and 7287 (16 mm) is a medium-high
More informationphotographing your work: a tutorial for graphic designers
photographing your work: a tutorial for graphic designers If you re completely new to shooting with a DSLR (digital single lens reflex), you ll need to make friends with the camera s manual. Read this
More informationCreative Flower Photography A Professional Guide to Photographing Flowers
4 Week Online Photography Course Creative Flower Photography A Professional Guide to Photographing Flowers Lesson 1 Course Notes By Sue Bishop PAGE 2 Lesson 1 Welcome! My name is Sue Bishop. This week
More informationWe will look at two different, yet very popular, lighting techniques: high key and low key. High key lighting is just what you would imagine - very
We will look at two different, yet very popular, lighting techniques: high key and low key. High key lighting is just what you would imagine - very bright, even light, whereas low key emphasizes midtones
More informationFC-2500 Quick Reference Guide
P O S I T I O N I N G S Y S T E M S FC-2500 Quick Reference Guide Part Number 7010-0910 Rev A Copyright Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. October, 2008 All contents in this manual are copyrighted by Topcon.
More informationTokina AT-X F2 PRO DX. Short zoom that took all the best from prime lenses
Tokina AT-X 14-20 F2 PRO DX Short zoom that took all the best from prime lenses Tokina gives you a new lens that is called AT-X 14-20mm. The lens covers 14mm to 20mm of focus distance (21mm-30mm for full
More informationTAKING GREAT PICTURES. A Modest Introduction
TAKING GREAT PICTURES A Modest Introduction 1 HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT CAMERA EQUIPMENT 2 THE REALLY CONFUSING CAMERA MARKET Hundreds of models are now available Canon alone has 41 models 28 compacts and
More informationEASTMAN EXR 500T Film 5298
TECHNICAL INFORMATION DATA SHEET TI2082 Revised 12-98 Copyright, Eastman Kodak Company, 1993 1) Description EASTMAN EXR 500T Films 5298 (35 mm) is a high-speed tungsten-balanced color negative camera film
More informationQuick Tips for Taking Better Portraits
JANUARY 5, 2019 BEGINNER Quick Tips for Taking Better Portraits Suggested Lens choices, exposure settings and focus modes Featuring GARY SMALL D300, AF-S NIKKOR 24-85mm f/2.8-4d IF lens, 1/30 sec., f/2.8,
More informationA collection of example photos SB-900
A collection of example photos SB-900 This booklet introduces techniques, example photos and an overview of flash shooting capabilities possible when shooting with an SB-900. En Selecting suitable illumination
More informationThe Unsharp Mask. A region in which there are pixels of one color on one side and another color on another side is an edge.
GIMP More Improvements The Unsharp Mask Unless you have a really expensive digital camera (thousands of dollars) or have your camera set to sharpen the image automatically, you will find that images from
More information1 MPTVI DATA SHEET XXXXXXXXXXX
1 MPTVI DATA SHEET XXXXXXXXXXX TI1664 XX KODAK XX Reissued 6-92 XX TInet XX XXXXXXXXXXX ================================================================== TECHNICAL INFORMATION Copyright, Eastman Kodak
More informationACTION AND PEOPLE PHOTOGRAPHY
ACTION AND PEOPLE PHOTOGRAPHY These notes are written to complement the material presented in the Nikon School of Photography Action and People Photography class. Helpful websites: Nikon USA Nikon Learn
More informationPolarizers, how they work, when to use them, how to use them...
Polarizers, how they work, when to use them, how to use them... Author's Note: This is a slightly updated version of an article on Polarization that Singh-Ray asked me to write several years ago. During
More informationInstruction Manual for Historian
Table contents iii Instruction Manual for Historian Zikra Toure TECM 2700 Table contents iii Table of Content Table of Content... iii Introduction to the Manual for Historian... v Introduction to Photography...
More informationCERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER (CPP) TEST SPECIFICATIONS CAMERA, LENSES AND ATTACHMENTS (12%)
CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER (CPP) TEST SPECIFICATIONS CAMERA, LENSES AND ATTACHMENTS (12%) Items relating to this category will include digital cameras as well as the various lenses, menu settings
More informationUnlimited Membership - $ The Unlimited Membership is an affordable way to get access to all of Open Media's community resouces.
Introduction to Digital Photography Introduction: Your name, where you work, how did you hear about DOM, any relevant experience, why do you want to learn to shoot video with your DSLR camera? Purpose
More informationKODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM March 201 F-4001 KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film 3200TMZ is a multi-speed continuous-tone
More informationHigh Speed Sync: A Flash Technique To Add a Pro Touch to Your Photographs
DECEMBER 6, 2017 ADVANCED High Speed Sync: A Flash Technique To Add a Pro Touch to Your Photographs Featuring KEVIN KUBOTA Kevin Kubota Kevin needed a fast shutter speed to balance the scene's ambient
More informationLight sources. Daylight Electric light. Daylight source direct sunlight or diffuse skylight) Indirect light reflected or modified from its primary
Light sources Daylight Electric light Daylight source direct sunlight or diffuse skylight) Indirect light reflected or modified from its primary Artificial light source incandescent lamps (including tungsten-halogen
More informationFirst Things First 1) Charge the Battery
1 First Things First 1) Charge the Battery 2) Turn Off Notification Sounds Recommended: Canon BP-828 Optional 3-4hr Battery Touch FUNC Touch MENU Touch Wrench Folder Scroll to Notification Sounds & Touch
More informationWestinghouse. Lamps 101
Westinghouse Lamps 101 Objectives Explain common lighting terminology to your customers Examine color temperature and explain the Kelvin scale List features and benefits of various lamp types, including:
More informationChapter 29: Light Waves
Lecture Outline Chapter 29: Light Waves This lecture will help you understand: Huygens' Principle Diffraction Superposition and Interference Polarization Holography Huygens' Principle Throw a rock in a
More informationKODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film
KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM July 201 F-4001 KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX P3200 Black & White Negative Film 3200TMZ is a multi-speed continuous-tone
More informationKODAK EKTACHROME RADIANCE III Paper
TECHNICAL DATA / COLOR PAPER February 2003 E-1766 KODAK EKTACHROME RADIANCE III Paper NOTICE Discontinuance of KODAK PROFESSIONAL EKTACHROME RADIANCE III Papers and Materials and KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Chemicals
More informationIllumination Guide. Choosing the right lighting to evaluate products
Illumination Guide Choosing the right lighting to evaluate products Illumination Guide Companies that are concerned with the color quality of their products may use sophisticated instruments to make sure
More informationCinematic Drone. https://vimeo.com/
Cinematic Drone https://vimeo.com/174064811 Some basic moves How to pull off five essential drone shots and uplift your videos https://vimeo.com/blog/post/how-to-pull-off-5-essential-drone-shots-and-uplift
More informationDrive Mode. Details for each of these Drive Mode settings are discussed below.
Chapter 4: Shooting Menu 67 When you highlight this option and press the Center button, a menu appears at the left of the screen as shown in Figure 4-20, with 9 choices represented by icons: Single Shooting,
More information8 Types Of Natural Light. That Will Add Drama To Your. Photographs
8 Types Of Natural Light That Will Add Drama To Your Photographs Introduction The first step to becoming a better photographer is to understand light. Light is the essential requirement to making a photograph
More informationLesson 1 Course Notes
4 Week Online Photography Course Exposure: Understanding Light A Guide to Understanding Light & Exposure Lesson 1 Course Notes By Nigel Hicks PAGE 2 Introduction Welcome to this course on Making Use of
More informationPresented to you today by the Fort Collins Digital Camera Club
Presented to you today by the Fort Collins Digital Camera Club www.fcdcc.com Photography: February 19, 2011 Fort Collins Digital Camera Club 2 Film Photography: Photography using light sensitive chemicals
More informationOUTDOOR PORTRAITURE WORKSHOP
OUTDOOR PORTRAITURE WORKSHOP SECOND EDITION Copyright Bryan A. Thompson, 2012 bryan@rollaphoto.com Goals The goals of this workshop are to present various techniques for creating portraits in an outdoor
More informationChapter 7- Lighting & Cameras
Chapter 7- Lighting & Cameras Cameras: By default, your scene already has one camera and that is usually all you need, but on occasion you may wish to add more cameras. You add more cameras by hitting
More informationFUNDAMENTALS QUIZ 2 STUDY GUIDE
FUNDAMENTALS QUIZ 2 STUDY GUIDE YOU WILL STUDY WHAT YOU MISSED ON THE LAST QUIZ. DON T WORRY ABOUT THE THINGS YOU ALREADY KNOW. ALSO STUDY THE INFORMATION FROM FUNDAMENTALS LESSON 5 Vocabulary: Aperture
More informationWave or particle? Light has. Wavelength Frequency Velocity
Shedding Some Light Wave or particle? Light has Wavelength Frequency Velocity Wavelengths and Frequencies The colours of the visible light spectrum Colour Wavelength interval Frequency interval Red ~ 700
More informationPresented by Craig Stocks Arts by Craig Stocks Arts
Presented by Craig Stocks Arts www.craigstocksarts.com 2010 by Craig Stocks Arts Basic camera settings for point and shoot cameras (resolution, quality) Resolution - how much can you enlarge a picture?
More informationA Glossary of Photographic Terms
TECHNICAL DATA / March 1999 AA-9 A Glossary of Photographic Terms Adjustable camera A camera with manually adjustable settings for distance, lens openings, and shutter speeds. Adjustable-focus lens A lens
More informationIlford Photo-Electric Exposure Meter shown actual size
Ilford Photo-Electric Exposure Meter shown actual size Correct photographic exposure depends on a knowledge of the amount of light reflected towards the camera by the subject, and this may be determined
More information