Oförstörande provning av svetsförband, formvaror av termoplast Del 2: Röntgenprovning

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SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN 13100-2:2004 Fastställd 2004-12-10 Utgåva 1 Oförstörande provning av svetsförband, formvaror av termoplast Del 2: Röntgenprovning Non-destructive testing of welded joints in

1 SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN :2004 Fastställd Utgåva 1 Oförstörande provning av svetsförband, formvaror av termoplast Del 2: Röntgenprovning Non-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplastics semi-finished products Part 2: X-ray radiographic testing ICS Språk: engelska Publicerad: januari 2005 Copyright SIS. Reproduction in any form without permission is prohibited.

2 Europastandarden EN :2004 gäller som svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den officiella engelska versionen av EN :2004. The European Standard EN :2004 has the status of a Swedish Standard. This document contains the official English version of EN :2004. Upplysningar om sakinnehållet i standarden lämnas av SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, telefon Standarder kan beställas hos SIS Förlag AB som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om svensk och utländsk standard. Postadress: SIS Förlag AB, STOCKHOLM Telefon: Telefax: E-post: sis.sales@sis.se. Internet:

3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN November 2004 ICS English version Non-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplastics semifinished products - Part 2: X-ray radiographic testing Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés sur produits semi-finis en thermoplastiques - Partie 2: Contrôle radiographique par rayons X Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen thermoplastischer Kunststoffe - Teil 2: Röntgenprüfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 October CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN :2004: E

4 Contents Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviations General...5 Security Measures Surface preparation and stage of manufacture Location of the weld in the radiograph Identification of radiographs Marking Overlap of films Types and position of image quality indicators (IQI) Evaluation of image quality Minimum image quality values Personnel qualification Recommended techniques for making radiographs Test arrangements Choice of tube voltage Film systems and screens Alignment of beam Source-to-object distance Maximum area for a single exposure Density of radiograph Processing Film viewing conditions Examination report...13 Annex A (normative) Minimum image quality values...14 A.1 Single-wall technique; IQI on source side...14 A.2 Double-wall technique; double image; IQI on source side...15 A.3 Double-wall thickness; single or double image; IQI on film side...15 Annex B (informative) Recommended number of exposures when using the perpendicular, doublewall, single-image and single-wall off-centre techniques for a circumferential butt weld...16 page 2

5 Foreword This document (EN :2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 Plastics, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 3

6 1 Scope This document specifies fundamental radiographic techniques which enable repeatable results to be obtained economically. This document applies to the X-ray radiographic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials. It applies to joints in single wall pipes and plates with a range of thicknesses from 5 mm to 100 mm. It only applies to pipes containing air or other gases at the time of X-ray testing. This document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 462-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) - Determination of image quality value EN 462-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) - Determination of image quality value EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 584-1, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography EN 584-2, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values EN 25580, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements (ISO 5580:1985) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 nominal thickness nominal thickness of the parent material NOTE Manufacturing tolerances are not taken into account. 3.2 penetrated thickness thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam including the thickness of the weld beads on butt fusion joints (if appropriate), or the additional thickness of the socket for electrofusion joints, or the combined thickness of the top and bottom half of the joint for multiple wall techniques 3.3 object-to-film distance distance between the radiation side of the test object and the film surface, measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 4

7 3.4 source size size of the radiation source, e.g. the focal spot size of the X-ray tube 3.5 source-to-film distance distance between the radiation source and the film measured in the direction of the beam 3.6 source-to-object distance distance between the radiation source and the source side of the test object, measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 3.7 diameter nominal outside diameter of the pipe 4 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols and abbreviations are given in Table 1. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols and abbreviations Designations Units b Object-to-film distance mm d Source size mm D n Diameter mm f Source-to-object distance mm SFD Source-to-film distance mm t Nominal thickness mm w Penetrated thickness mm Radiation source S F Film α Inclination angle SDR D n/t 5 General 5.1 Security Measures Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionising radiation shall be strictly applied. WARNING NOTICE - Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment is in use, appropriate legal requirements shall be applied. 5.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture Prior to radiography the joint shall be cleaned to remove all traces of dirt etc. from the component surface, which might later cause difficulty in detecting defects. In the case of heated tool butt welded pipes, the external weld bead shall be removed prior to radiography. 5

8 5.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph Where the weld is not likely to be clearly visible on the radiograph, high-density markers (e.g. lead) shall be placed on either side of the weld before testing. 5.4 Identification of radiographs Symbols (normally lead markers) shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. The images of these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section. 5.5 Marking Permanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph. Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the location of each radiograph may be recorded by means of accurate sketches. 5.6 Overlap of films When radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object, which will appear on each film. 5.7 Types and position of image quality indicators (IQI) The quality of image shall be verified by use of image quality indicator(s) (IQI) in accordance with EN or EN The IQI(s) shall be made from the same material as the inspected material or a material with a similar absorption with a tolerance of ± 10 % in the absorption coefficient. In accordance with EN or EN the applied IQI(s) shall have the inscription with the name of the document, the number of the thickest wire or the first step hole and the material. For plastic materials, this requires the name of the material (e.g.: PE- polyethylene, PP- polypropylene, PVC- polyvinylchloride, etc.) and the materials density given in g/cm 3 with at least two significant digits. The IQI used shall be placed preferably on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of interest on the parent material beside the weld. The IQI shall be in close contact with the surface of the object. It shall be located in a section of uniform thickness characterised by a uniform optical density on the film. According to the IQI type used, two cases shall be considered. a) When using a wire IQI, the wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and its location shall ensure that at least 10 mm of the wire length will show in a section of uniform optical density, which is normally in the parent material adjacent to the weld. At exposures in accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the IQI should not be projected into the image of the weld. b) When using a step/hole IQI, it shall be placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to the weld. At exposures in accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the IQI may be placed on the film side. In this case reference shall be made to Tables A.5 and A.6 given in Annex A. Where the IQIs are placed at the film side, the lead letter 'F' shall be placed near the IQI and it shall be noted in the test report. If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced with identical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the image 6

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SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN ISO 10642:2004 Fastställd 2004-03-19 Utgåva 2 Fästelement Sexkanthålsskruvar med sänkhuvud (ISO 10642:2004) Hexagon socket countersunk head screws (ISO 10642:2004) ICS 21.060.10 Språk: