STUDIES ON AIR-JET TEXTURING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEED YARNS

Transcription

1 STUDIES ON AIR-JET TEXTURING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEED YARNS By VIJAY KUMAR YADAV Department of Textile Technology Under the Guidance of DR. V.K. KOTHARI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Technology to the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI DECEMBER, 1997

2 ABSTRACT Possibility of feeding two different types of feed yarn, viz. false-twist textured yarn and different shrinkage potential yarns, in air-jet texturing has been studied. Using a modified false-twist textured feed yarn for air-jet texturing results, in a yarn of higher bulk, instability, and tenacity but, of lower elongation, initial modulus and linear density, as compared to air-jet textured yarns produced from flat feed yarns. The level of bulk can be further enhanced by post heat-setting the air-jet textured yarns made from modified false-twist textured yarns, but the resultant yarns have higher instability and inferior tensile properties. Low interfilament friction, lower skein shrinkage, but a higher bulk retraction property are desirable in the modified false-twist textured yarn meant for air-jet texturing process. Different shrinkage potential feed yarns in parallel-end air-jet texturing results in reduction in bulk initially, with the increasing shrinkage difference level but then, increases with further increase in shrinkage. Instability of air-jet textured yarns also first decreases and, then increases with increasing shrinkage difference.

3 CONTENTS Page No. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES i ii iii vi 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION MODIFIED TEXTURING OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AIR-JET TEXTURING Air-jet Texturing Process Texturing Nozzle Mechanism of Air-jet Texturing Structure and Properties of Air-jet Textured Yarns Applications of Air-jet Textured Yarns FALSE-TWIST TEXTURING Twister Unit Feeder Yarn Structure and Properties of False-twist Textured Yarn Geometrical Structure Molecular Structure and Properties MODIFIED TEXTURING 27

4 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS MATERIALS Feed Yarns Preparation of False-Twist Textured Yarns Preparation of Yarns with Different 32 Shrinkage Levels Preparation of Air-Jet Textured Yarns METHODS OF MEASUREMENT Crimp Properties Tensile Properties Physical Bulk Instability Yarn Count Yarn Shrinkage AIR-JET TEXTURING OF FALSE-TWIST TEXTURED YARNS INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL Materials Preparation of Draw-Textured Yarns Preparation of Air-Jet Textured Yarns Yarn Testing RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Air-Jet Texturing of False-Twist Textured Yarns Effect of Heat-Setting on the Properties of Air-Jet 48 False-Twist Textured Yarns 4.4 CONCLUSIONS 50

5 5. AIR-JET TEXTURING OF YARNS WITH DIFFERENT SHRINKAGE LEVELS 5.1 INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL Materials Preparation of Yarns with Different Shrinkage Levels Preparation of Air-jet Textured Yarns Yarn Testing RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Relationship between Hot-Pin Temperature and Shrinkage Relationship between Hot-Pin Shrinkage and Tensile Properties of 55 Drawn Yarns Relationship between Hot-Pin Shrinkage and Properties of 55 Air-Jet Textured Yarns Effect of Number of Filaments on Yarn Properties Effect of Heat-Setting at constant overfed on Air-Jet Textured Yarns CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS CONCLUSIONS SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK 85 REFERENCES 86

6 LIST OF FIGURES Fig.2.1 Fig.2.2 Fig.2.3 Fig.2.4(a) Fig.2.4(b) Fig.2.5 Fig.2.6 Fig.3.1 Fig.3.2 Taslan type XX jet Hemajet T310 and T311 cores Loop formation process in air-jet texturing Yarn structure of an air-jet textured yarn Different loop configuration in an air-jet textured yarn Poistorq friction spindle Helical model of false-twist textured yarn Stress-strain curves of Partially Oriented Yarns Schematic diagram of yarn passage through Himson-Rieter Scragg SDS 700 C draw-texturing machine. Fig.3.3 Fig.3.4 Fig.4.1(a) Fig.4.1(b) Schematic diagram of yarn passage through Eltex AT/HS Air-Jet Texturing machine. Instability tester for air-jet textured yarns. Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 126/36 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,I. False-twist textured yarn with coning oil, 2I. Air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn having conning oiing oil, DY-Drawn yarn). Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 126/34 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,I. False-twist textured yarn with coning oil,ii. False twist textured yarn without coning oil, 2I. Air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn having coning oil, 2II. Air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, 3I. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarns made from false-twist textured yarn with coning oil,3ii. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarn made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, DY-Drawn yarn). Fig.4.1(c) Stress-strain curves of yarns produced from 100/36 POY. (1. Air-jet textured yarn made from POY,II. False-twist textured yarn without coning oil, 2II. Air-jet textured yarn made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, 3II. Post heat-set air-jet textured yarn made from false-twist textured yarn having no coning oil, DY. Drawn yarn). Fig.5.1 Effect of hot-pin temperature on the hot-air shrinkage of drawn yarns. Fig.5.2(a) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on tenacity of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6 draw-ratio. Fig.5.2(b) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on elongation of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6 draw-ratio.

7 Fig.5.2(c) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on initial modulus of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6 draw-ratio. Fig.5.2(d) Effect of hot-air shrinkage on toughness of drawn yarn produced from 100/36 denier POY at 1.6 draw-ratio. Fig.5.3 Stress-strain curves of various drawn yarns made from 100/36 denier POY (P. Low shrinkage yarn, 1. Yarn drawn at 60 C hot-pin temperature, 2. Yarn drawn at 80 C hot-pin temperature, 3. Yarn drawn at 100 C hot-pin temperature, 4. Yarn drawn at 120 C hot-pin temperature, 5. Yarn drawn at 140 C hot-pin temperature). Fig.5.4(a) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on physical bulk of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension. Fig.5.4(b) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on instability of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension. Fig.5.4(c) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on increase in linear density of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension. Fig.5.4(d) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on tenacity of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension. Fig.5.4(e) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarns on elongation of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension. Fig.5.5(a) Stress-strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 125/100 POY (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60 C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80 C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet textured at 100 C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120 C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140 C hot-pin temperature). Fig.5.5(b) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 126/36 POY (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60 C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80 C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet textured at 100 C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120 C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140 C hot-pin temperature). Fig.5.6(a) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on physical bulk of air-jet textured yarns produced at constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed. Fig.5.6(b) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on instability of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed. Fig.5.6(c) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on increase in linear density of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed.

8 Fig.5.6(d) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on tenacity of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed. Fig.5.6(e) Effect of shrinkage difference in feed yarn on elongation of air-jet textured yarns at constant winding tension and constant stabilising overfeed. Fig.5.7(a) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 100/36 POY at constant winding tension. (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60 C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80 C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet textured at 100 C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120 C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140 C hot-pin temperature). Fig.5.7(b) Stress strain curves of air-jet textured yarn and parent yarn of 100/36 POY at constant stabilising overfeed. (P. Parent yarn, 1. Air-jet textured at 60 C hot-pin temperature, 2. Air-jet textured at 80 C hot-pin temperature, 3. Air-jet textured at 100 C hot-pin temperature, 4. Air-jet textured at 120 C hot-pin temperature, 5. Air-jet textured at 140 C hot-pin temperature).

9 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 CONCLUSIONS Based on the studies conducted on air-jet texturing of false-twist textured yarns and different shrinkage yarns produced from 126/36, 126/34, 125/100 and 100/36 POY polyester yarns it can be concluded that yarns of higher bulk and higher tenacity could be produced by using false-twist textured feed yarns, but at the expense of higher instability. Method of using differential shrinkage feed yarn in air-jet texturing is not effective, as the bulk initially reduces with the increase in shrinkage difference although there is reduction in instability with increase in shrinkage difference. A relatively higher shrinkage difference level there is increase in the bulk with increase in shrinkage different but the yarn instability also increases. 6.2 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER WORK 1. Research could be taken up for developing a right kind of coning oil to be applied at false-twist texturing stage, which reduces the inter-filament friction so that, filament separation is better in the air-jet. 2. For air-jet false-twist textured yarns research could be taken for optimising the false-twist yarn parameters, to obtain a yarn with minimum skein shrinkage but a maximum crimp-retraction. 3. Differential shrinkage method for proceeding a higher bulk air-jet textured yarns could be studied for other polymer types and combinations of different polymers.

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