The Thalkirchen organ

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "The Thalkirchen organ"

Kenneth Perry
5 years ago
Views:

1 Musical instruments

2 Piano roll A piano roll is the music storage medium used to operate the player piano, pianola or a reproducing piano. A piano roll is a roll of paper with perforations (holes) punched in it. The position and the length of the perforation determines the note played on the piano.

3 Piano roll Piano rolls were in continuous mass production from around 1896 to 2008, and are still available today, with QRS Music claiming to have 45,000 titles available with new titles being added on a regular basis

4 Player piano A player piano (also known as pianola or autopiano) is a self-playing piano, containing perforated paper, or in rare instances, metallic rolls.

5 The Thalkirchen organ The Thalkirchen organ is among the oldest preserved organs in Bavaria. Built in 1630 by an unknown instrument builder for the Maria Thalkirchen pilgrammage chapel, now situated in a Munich suburb, the organ became part of the Deutsches Museum

6 Organ action An organ contains two actions, or systems of moving parts. When a key is depressed, the key action admits wind into a pipe. The stop action allows the organist to control which ranks are engaged. An action may be mechanical, pneumatic, or electrical.

7 Part of the organ The most important part of the organ are: windchests bellows Trackers System of transmission Consolle Pipe

8 Pipes (canne)

9 Windchests (Somieri)

10 Bellows (mantice)

11 Trackers (registri)

12 consolle

13 Electric Guitar 10/02/11

Electric Guitar An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric signals 10/02/11 Legend: 1.Headstock: 1.

14 Electric Guitar An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric signals 10/02/11 Legend: 1.Headstock: 1.1 machine heads 1.2 truss rod cover 1.3 string guide 1.4 nut 2. Neck: 2.1 freatboard 2.2 inlay fret markers 2.3 frets 2.4 neck joint g 3. Body 3.1 "neck" pickup 3.2 "bridge" pickup 3.3 saddles 3.4 bridge 3.5 fine tuners 3.6 tremolo arm (whammy bar) 3.7 pickup selector switch 3.8 volume and tone control knobs 3.9 output connector (input jack) 3.10 strap buttons 4. Strings: 4.1 bass strings 4.2 treble strings

15 The bridge A bridge is a device for supporting the strings on a stringed instrument and transmitting the vibration of those strings to some other structural component of the instrument in order to transfer the sound to the surrounding air. 10/02/11

Neck, truss rod, headstock The headstock has the function of a headstock is holding the instrument's strings.

Machine heads are used to tune the guitar by adjusting the tension of strings and, consequentially, the pitch of

The neck is the part of certain string instruments that projects from the main body and is the base of the

10/02/11 A truss rod is a part used to stabilize and adjust the lengthwise forward curvature, of the neck.

16 Neck, truss rod, headstock The headstock has the function of a headstock is holding the instrument's strings. Strings go from the bridge past the nut and are usually fixed on machine heads on headstock. Machine heads are used to tune the guitar by adjusting the tension of strings and, consequentially, the pitch of sound they produce. The neck is the part of certain string instruments that projects from the main body and is the base of the fingerboard, where the fingers are placed to stop the strings at different pitches. 10/02/11 A truss rod is a part used to stabilize and adjust the lengthwise forward curvature, of the neck. Usually it is a steel rod that runs inside the neck and has a bolt that can be used to adjust its tension. The first truss rod patent was applied for by Thaddeus McHugh, an employee of the Gibson company, in 1921, although the idea of "truss rod" can be encountered in patents as early as 1908

17 Pick Up A pickup device acts as a transducer that captures mechanical vibrations, usually from suitably-equipped stringed instruments, and converts them to an electrical signal which can then be amplified, recorded and broadcast. 10/02/11

Audio feedback hollow and semi hollow body The hollowbody type is the most Audio feedback is a special kind of positive feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input (for

18 Audio feedback hollow and semi hollow body The hollowbody type is the most Audio feedback is a special kind of positive feedback which occurs when a sound loop exists between an audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup) and an audio output (for example, a loudspeaker). In this example, a signal received by the microphone is amplified and passed out of the loudspeaker. The sound from the loudspeaker can then be received by the microphone again, amplified further, and then passed out through the loudspeaker again. 10/02/11 susceptible to feedback. Because of its large size, open cavity, and basically thin shell (all of which initially contributed to its function as an acoustic instrument), it resonates easily at moderate to high volumes and relatively low frequencies. However, recent advances such as graphic and parametric equalizers allow the guitarist to tame feedback to varying degrees by filtering out some of the offending resonant frequencies. If the like the comparatively mellow tone of an electric hollowbody the instrument traditionally associated with mainstream jazz artists be sure to try it out at the volume you estimate to be your usual playing level.

Audio feedback solid body The Fender Telecaster, is typically a dual-pickup, solid-body electric guitar made by Fender.

Introduced for national distribution as the Broadcaster in the autumn of 1949, it was the first guitar of its kind to be produced on a substantial scale.

It is very important, because in this way the solved the problem related to audio feedback The Les Paul model was the result of a design collaboration between Gibson and the guitarist and electronics

19 Audio feedback solid body The Fender Telecaster, is typically a dual-pickup, solid-body electric guitar made by Fender. Its simple yet effective design and revolutionary sound broke ground and set trends in electric guitar manufacturing and popular music. Introduced for national distribution as the Broadcaster in the autumn of 1949, it was the first guitar of its kind to be produced on a substantial scale. The most important feature is that it was the first solid body guitar. It is very important, because in this way the solved the problem related to audio feedback The Les Paul model was the result of a design collaboration between Gibson and the guitarist and electronics inventor Les Paul. In 1950, In reaction, of the production of Telecaster, Gibson Guitar president Ted McCarty brought guitarist Les Paul into the company as a consultant. He projected before the Telecaster the first soild body called "The Log" because the solid core is a pine block whose width and depth are a little more than the width of the fretboard. Although numerous other prototypes and limited-production solid-body models by other makers have since surfaced, it is known that in , Les Paul had approached Gibson with "The Log" 10/02/11 prototype, but his solid body design was rejected.

Beat In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequebcies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference

Tuning two tones to a unison will present a peculiar effect: when the two tones are close in pitch but not yet identical, the difference in frequency generates the beating.

20 Beat In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequebcies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference between the two frequencies. With tuning instruments that can produce sustained tones, beats can readily be recognized. Tuning two tones to a unison will present a peculiar effect: when the two tones are close in pitch but not yet identical, the difference in frequency generates the beating. The volume varies like in a tremolo as the sounds alternately interfere constructively and destructively. When the two tones gradually approach unison, the beating slows down and disappears, giving way to full-bodied unison resonance. 10/02/11

21 Robot Guitar 10/02/11 The Gibson Robot Guitar (a.k.a GOR) typically refers to a sub-class of Les Paul style guitars from Gibson. This is because the first run of limited edition Robot Guitars was exclusively made up of Les Paul bodies. Currently, there are 5 different Gibson models available with Robot Guitar features: The Robot Les Paul Studio, Robot SG, Robot Flying V, Robot Explorer, and a Robot Les Paul Junior. Developed by Chris Adams, its most notable feature is that it uses an onboard computer to automatically tune itself.

22 This guitar is an interesting instrument: a mechanized guitar. Using the keyboard the mechanical arms are moved and pinch the strings. 10/02/11

VG Stratocaster 10/02/11 The VG Stratocaster is the result of a collaboration between Fender and Roland, incorporating the latter company's VG modeling technology and GK pickup in an American Serie

23 VG Stratocaster 10/02/11 The VG Stratocaster is the result of a collaboration between Fender and Roland, incorporating the latter company's VG modeling technology and GK pickup in an American Serie Stratocaster. Roland's digital processing provides the VG Stratocaster with models of Stratocaster and Telecaster electric guitars and five acoustic guitars. With the turn of a knob on the instrument's pickguard, VG processing also makes five alternate tunings available for each modeled guitar.

Digital Guitar The Misa guitar is a type of MIDI controller. The Linux firmware code is open source, which allows programmers to modify it to their liking.

The touchpad is set up on an x/y coordinate pair where you will assign your desired effects.

24 Digital Guitar The Misa guitar is a type of MIDI controller. The Linux firmware code is open source, which allows programmers to modify it to their liking. While MIDI controllers and guitaremulating synthesizers are nothing new to the music world, the Misa guitar is not an average key/knob/fader MIDI controller. The touchpad is set up on an x/y coordinate pair where you will assign your desired effects. Accordingly, striking or dragging fingers in different areas around the touchpad will produce different modulations of the effects. The touchpad is also pressure-sensitive, so the harder you strike it, the louder the notes will ring, just like a real guitar. 10/02/11 On the neck of the guitar you will find 144 keycap sensors instead of strings. There are 6 sensors across 24 frets on the neck, replicating a traditional 6-string guitar setup.

25 Synthesis & Synthesizers

Synthesis and Synthesizers A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that uses filters and tone generators to create waveforms which are then processed to generate sound.

26 Synthesis and Synthesizers A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that uses filters and tone generators to create waveforms which are then processed to generate sound. Modern synthesizers can closely reproduce the sound of some instruments, but many keyboard players use them for their characteristic sound. They are sometimes referred to as "sound" or "music" synthesizers.

Synthesis and Synthesizers Synthesizers use a number of different technologies or programmed algorithms, each with their own strengths and weaknesses.

27 Synthesis and Synthesizers Synthesizers use a number of different technologies or programmed algorithms, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Among the most popular waveform synthesis techniques are: Subtractive synthesis Additive synthesis Wavetable synthesis Frequency synthesis Modulation Phase Distortion synthesis Physical Modeling synthesis Sample-Based synthesis

Synthesis and Synthesizers Synthesizers are often controlled with a piano-style keyboard, leading such instruments to be referred to simply as "keyboards".

28 Synthesis and Synthesizers Synthesizers are often controlled with a piano-style keyboard, leading such instruments to be referred to simply as "keyboards". Several other forms of controller have been devised to resemble violins, guitars (picture) and windinstruments. Synthesizers without controllers are often called "modules", and they can be controlled using MIDI or CV/Gate methods. Jordan Rudess playing a solo with his Zen Riffer custom keytar

29 Synthesis and Synthesizers Piano-Style keyboard Module Guitar-Style keyboard (Keytar)

analog circuitry. A digital synthesizer is basically a computer with software used as an interface.

30 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog vs. digital The main difference is that a digital synthesizer uses digital processors and analog synthesizers use analog circuitry. A digital synthesizer is basically a computer with software used as an interface. An analog synthesizer is made up of soundgenerating circuitry and modulators. Top. Korg Radias (digital advanced programmable multicore synthesizer) Yamaha DX7 The first digital synthesizer

31 Synthesis and Synthesizers Digital module synth Apple ipad with Korg software Digital Synths Roland Fantom G7 (il mio synth)

32 Synthesis and Synthesizers Digital Synths Jackie with his MicroKorg at Cirulins' Secret Show

33 Synthesis and Synthesizers Workstations Digital synths nowadays are often provided with many function such as sequencing, recording, editing, mixing and mastering, all in once. Sometimes also CD recorder. Korg OASYS (Open Architecture SYnthesis Studio)

Additive synthesis models sounds directly from pure sine waves, somewhat in the

34 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog Electronic oscillators - create raw sounds with a timbre that depends upon the waveform generated. Additive synthesis models sounds directly from pure sine waves, somewhat in the manner of an organ, while Frequency modulation and Phase distortion synthesis use one oscillator to modulate another.

35 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog ADSR envelopes - provide envelope modulation to "shape" the volume or harmonic content of the produced note in the time domain. These are used in most forms of synthesis. ADSR control is provided by Envelope Generators.

Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF) - "shape" the s o u n d g e n e r at e d b y t h e o sc i l l a t o r s i n t h e frequenc y dom ain, oft en under t he c ont rol o f

Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA) - A f t e r t h e s i g n a l g e n e r at e d b y o n e (o r a m i x o f m o r e Vo lt a g e -c o n t r o l l e d o sc i l l at o r s ), m o d i f i e d b y f i l

36 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF) - "shape" the s o u n d g e n e r at e d b y t h e o sc i l l a t o r s i n t h e frequenc y dom ain, oft en under t he c ont rol o f a n e nve l o p e o r L FO. T h e s e a r e e s s e n t i a l t o s u b t r a c t i ve s y n t h e s i s. Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA) - A f t e r t h e s i g n a l g e n e r at e d b y o n e (o r a m i x o f m o r e Vo lt a g e -c o n t r o l l e d o sc i l l at o r s ), m o d i f i e d b y f i l t e r s a n d L FOs, a n d t h e s i g n a l 's w ave fo r m i s s h a p e d (c o n t o u r e d ) b y a n A DSR Enve l o p e Ge n e r at o r, i t t h e n p a s s e s o n t o o n e o r m o r e vo l t a g e -c o n t r o l l e d a m p l i f i e r s (VCA ) w h e r e. T h e VCA i s a p r e a m p t h at b o o s t s (a m p l i f i e s ) t h e e l e c t r o n i c s i g n a l b e fo r e p a s s i n g o n t o a n ex t e r n a l o r b u i l t -i n p ow e r a m p l i f i e r, a s w e l l a s a m e a n s t o c o n t r o l i t s vo l u m e u s i n g a n at t e n u at o r t h at a f fe c t s a c o n t r o l vo l t a g e (c o m i n g f r o m t h e k e y b o a r d o r o t h e r t r i g g e r s o u r c e ), w h i c h a f fe c t s t h e g a i n o f t h e VCA.

37 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog VCO - VoltageControlled Oscillator (LFO) - an oscillator of adjustable frequency that can be used to modulate the sound rhythmically, for example to create tremolo or vibrato or to control a filter's operating frequency. LFOs are used in most forms of synthesis. Sometimes the quality of the VCO may be determined by the accuracy and the dimensions of the circuit.

In 1963 Robert Moog (electronic engineer) produced the Moog Modular.

38 Synthesis and Synthesizers Analog The first synths were made up of many modules wired to each other. They were called modular. In 1963 Robert Moog (electronic engineer) produced the Moog Modular. Then, in the 70s, he designed the MiniMoog, the most famous normalized analog synthesizer. The normalized synth is a very tight synth, with less possibilities but much less weight. And money.

39 Synthesis and Synthesizers F I N

P. Moog Synthesizer I

P. Moog Synthesizer I The music synthesizer was invented in the early 1960s by Robert Moog. Moog came to live in Leicester, near Asheville, in 1978 (the same year the author started teaching at UNCA).