SIFTON PROPERTIES LIMITED. Appendix 3. RiverBend South Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment (Location 3), Golder Associates February 2009

Transcription

1 SIFTON PROPERTIES LIMITED RiverBend South Area / Subdivision Plan Final Proposal Report Appendix 3 RiverBend South Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment (Location 3), Golder Associates March 19, 2010

2 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Riverbend South, Location 3 (AfHi-347) Part of Lots 49 and 50, Concession B Township of Westminster Middlesex County, Ontario Submitted to: Ms. M. Zunti MCIP, RPP, Planner Sifton Properties Limited 195 Dufferin Avenue, Suite 410 London, Ontario N6A 1K7 Tel: (519) Fax: (519) REPORT PIF: P Report Number: R01 Distribution: 3 Copies - Sifton Properties Limited 3 Copies - Ministry of Culture 2 Copies - Golder Associates Ltd.

3 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Acknowledgments Maureen Zunti, Planner, Sifton Properties Limited, London Project Manager James A. Wilson, M.A. Licensed Project Director(s) Jeffrey Muir, B.A., Adria Grant, B.A. Report Production Jamie Davidson, B.A. Field/Office Assistants Chris Gervais, Kevin Gohm, Bear John, Kurt Kostuk, Courtney Merner, B.A., Aaron Robb, Sean Thomson, Chad Shepherd, B.A., Allison Gray, B.A., Alex McKinstry, Brad Anderson, B.A. Senior Review James A. Wilson, M.A., Rebecca J. Balcom Proponent Contact Maureen Zunti, Planner, Sifton Properties Limited, London Ministry of Culture Shari Prowse, M.A. Report No R01 i

4 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Executive Summary An archaeological assessment (Stages 1, 2 and 3) was previously conducted for a 61.1 hectare property located on part of Lots 49 and 50, Concession B, Geographic Township of Westminster, now City of London, Middlesex County, Ontario (Archaeologix Inc. 2008, 2008a). The Stage 2 archaeological assessment resulted in the identification of eleven archaeological sites, including eight pre-contact Aboriginal sites and three 19 th century Euro-Canadian sites. Due to the probable significance and information potential of two of the pre-contact Aboriginal sites, (Location 1, AfHi-346 and Location 5, AfHi-348) and all three of the Euro-Canadian locations (Location 3, AfHi-347; Location 10, AfHi-349 and Location 11, AfHi-350), it was recommended that they be subject to additional Stage 3 assessment in advance of any development activities. The Stage 3 excavations at Location 1 (AfHi-346) resulted in the recovery of significant sample of pre-contact Aboriginal cultural material, likely representing the remains of an Early Iroquoian camp or small village. Due to the location of this site in a woodlot the proponent has indicated that it is likely that that this site can be afforded long term protection and it is their intent to seek a formal written avoidance agreement acceptable to both the Ministry of Culture and the City of London. The Stage 3 assessment of the second pre-contact Aboriginal site, Location 5 (AfHi-348) resulted in the recovery of only a limited amount of cultural material and no additional assessment was recommended. The Stage 3 assessment of Euro-Canadian Location 10 resulted in the recovery of primarily late 19 th and 20 th century artifacts and no additional assessment was recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at Location 11 (AfHi-350) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and as a consequence this site will require Stage 4 assessment in advance of the development of this portion of the property. The Stage 3 excavations at Euro-Canadian Location 3 (AfHi-347) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and further Stage 4 assessment was recommended. This report details the required Stage 4 excavations of this site. The Stage 4 excavation of Location 3 produced a large number of artifacts as well as the remains of a root cellar, well and two middens, consistent with the presence of an early to mid 19 th century log cabin. The presence of numerous late 19 th century artifacts in the assemblage strongly suggest that after its abandonment the cabin at Location 3 was utilized as a refuse disposal area, likely for debris originating from nearby Location 10 (AfHi-349), which was occupied from the late 19 th century through to the end of the 20 th century (Archaeologix Inc, 2008a). The Ontario Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations presented in this report. The Stage 4 excavations at Location 3 (AfHi-347) are now complete and no further investigation is required for this site. Due to the fact that a long term protection agreement remains to be negotiated for Location 1 (AfHi-346) and short term protection measures are required to be formalized for Location 11, a letter of clearance is not requested at this time. Report No R01 ii

5 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table of Contents 1.0 PURPOSE HISTORY OF INVESTIGATIONS Summary of the Stage 2 & 3 Investigations for Location 3 (AfHi-347) Historic Background Research STAGE 4 STUDY METHODS STAGE 4 EXCAVATION RESULTS FOR AFHI Historic Artifact Descriptions Domestic Artifact Assemblage Glass Artifacts Ceramic Artifacts Household Artifacts Structural Artifacts Tools and Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts Personal Artifacts Faunal Remains Recent Material Pre-Contact Artifacts Ceramics Lithics Settlement Pattern for AfHi Discussion RECOMMENDATIONS IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT...48 TABLES Table 1: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for AfHi Table 2: Land Registry Data to 1892 for the North Half of Lot 50, Concession B, Westminster Township...5 Table 3: Stage 4 Artifact Summary for AfHi Report No R01 iii

6 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table 4: Detailed Breakdown of the Glass Artifact Assemblage for AfHi Table 5: Complete Glass Bottle Assemblage from AfHi Table 6: Complete Glass Bottles with Trademarks from AfHi Table 7: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AfHi Table 8: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AfHi Table 9: Summary of the Structural Assemblage for AfHi Table 10: Celt Metrics from AfHi Table 11: Feature Data for AfHi FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Study Area...2 Figure 2: Location of Sites Discussed in this Report...4 Figure 3: Portion of the 1878 Map of Westminster Township...6 Figure 4: Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment Grid Division...7 Figure 5: Location 3 (AfHi-347) Excavation Map...9 Figure 6: Stage 4 Settlement Pattern for AfHi Figure 7: Hiram Walker Trademark from AfHi Figure 8: Bottles from C. Kern Brew Co. (left) and Seagram's (right) from AfHi Figure 9: Gooderham and Worts Trademark from AfHi Figure 10: Paine s Celery Compound (left) and W.T. Strong (right) Bottles from AfHi Figure 11: White Glass "Pond's" Container...16 Figure 12: Dr. Mahan's Compass Oil and Murray Lanman Bottles from AfHi Figure 13: Complete Moulded Ironstone teacup with wheat pattern from AfHi Figure 14: Transfer Printed Ironstone from AfHi-347 (actual size)...20 Figure 15: Flow Transfer Printed Ironstone from AfHi-347 (actual size)...22 Figure 16: Ironstone Maker's Marks from AfHi-347 (actual size)...22 Figure 17: Ironstone Registration Mark from AfHi-347 (actual size)...22 Figure 20: Transfer Printed Whiteware from AfHi-347(actual size)...23 Figure 21: Hand Painted Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...23 Figure 22: Edged Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...24 Figure 23: Sponged Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...25 Figure 24: Flow Transfer Printed Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...25 Figure 25: Stamped Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...25 Report No R01 iv

7 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 26: Transfer Printed Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...27 Figure 27: Edged Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...28 Figure 28: Hand Painted Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...29 Figure 29: Hand Painted Porcelain from AfHi-347 (actual size)...30 Figure 30: Transfer Printed Porcelain from AfHi-347 (actual size)...30 Figure 31: Banded Yelloware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...31 Figure 32: Creamware from AfHi-347 (actual size)...31 Figure 33: Fork recovered from AfHi-347 (actual size)...32 Figure 34: Clock from AfHi Figure 35: Waterbury Clock Company Stamp from AfHi Figure 36: Nails from AfHi-347 (actual size)...35 Figure 37: White Clay Pipe Artifacts from AfHi-347 (actual size)...36 Figure 38: Shoe Fragments from AfHi-347 (actual size)...37 Figure 39: Buttons from AfHi-347 (actual size)...37 Figure 40: King George IV Coin (actual size)...37 Figure 41: Miscellaneous Personal Artifacts from AfHi-347 (actual size)...38 Figure 42: Fragmentary Neck Sherds from AfHi-347 (actual size)...39 Figure 43: Celt Recovered from Feature 16 of AfHi Figure 44: Celts Recovered from Feature 1 of AfHi-347 (actual size)...41 Figure 45: Remnants of a well within Feature 7 with glass bottles visible in the upper fill levels...43 Figure 46: 1913 Topographic Map...45 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Artifact Catalogue APPENDIX B Feature Plan View and Grid Profiles Report No R01 v

8 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 1.0 PURPOSE An archaeological assessment (Stages 1, 2 and 3) was previously conducted for a 61.1 hectare property located on part of Lots 49 and 50, Concession B, Geographic Township of Westminster, now the City of London, Middlesex County, Ontario (Archaeologix Inc. 2008, 2008a) (Figure 1). The Stage 2 archaeological assessment resulted in the identification of eleven archaeological sites, including eight pre-contact Aboriginal sites and three 19 th century Euro-Canadian sites. Due to the probable significance and information potential of two of the precontact Aboriginal sites, (Location 1, AfHi-346 and Location 5, AfHi-348) and all three of the Euro-Canadian locations (Location 3, AfHi-347; Location 10, AfHi-349 and Location 11, AfHi-350), it was recommended that they be subject to additional Stage 3 assessment in advance of any development activities. The Stage 3 excavations at Location 1 (AfHi-346) resulted in the recovery of a significant sample of pre-contact Aboriginal cultural material, likely representing the remains of an Early Iroquoian camp or small village. Due to the location of this site in a woodlot, the proponent has indicated that it is likely that this site can be afforded long term protection and it is their intent to seek a formal written avoidance agreement acceptable to both the Ministry of Culture and the City of London. The Stage 3 assessment of the second pre-contact Aboriginal site, Location 5 (AfHi-348) resulted in the recovery of only a limited amount of cultural material and no additional assessment was recommended. The Stage 3 assessment of Euro-Canadian Location 10 resulted in the recovery of primarily late 19 th and 20 th century artifacts and no additional assessment was recommended, while the Stage 3 excavations at Location 11 (AfHi-350) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and as a consequence this site will require Stage 4 assessment in advance of the development of this portion of the property. The Stage 3 excavations at Euro-Canadian Location 3 (AfHi-347) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and further Stage 4 assessment was recommended. This report details the required Stage 4 excavations of this site. The Stage 4 excavation of Location 3 produced a large number of artifacts as well as the remains of a root cellar, well and two middens, consistent with the presence of an early to mid 19 th century log cabin. The presence of numerous late 19 th century artifacts in the assemblage strongly suggest that after its abandonment the cabin at Location 3 was utilized as a refuse disposal area, likely for debris originating from nearby Location 10 (AfHi-349), which was occupied from the late 19 th century through to the end of the 20 th century (Archaeologix Inc, 2008a). The Ontario Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations presented in this report. The Stage 4 excavations at Location 3 (AfHi-347) are now complete and no further investigation is required for this site. Due to the fact that a long term protection agreement remains to be negotiated for Location 1 (AfHi-346) and short term protection measures are required to be formalized for Location 11, a letter of clearance is not requested at this time. Report No R01 1

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10 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 2.0 HISTORY OF INVESTIGATIONS 2.1 Summary of the Stage 2 & 3 Investigations for Location 3 (AfHi-347) The Stage 2 investigation of AfHi-347 resulted in the determination that Location 3 consisted of a large 60 by 60 metre surface scatter of early to late 19 th century Euro-Canadian artifacts (Figure 2). In total a sample of 361 Euro-Canadian artifacts were collected from the surface including 319 ceramic, 32 kitchen or food related, six structural, one barn tack, one miscellaneous glass, one miscellaneous metal and one personal artifact. Due to the potential significance of Location 3 it was recommended that the site be subject to a Stage 3 archaeological investigation to further evaluate its significance and information potential (Archaeologix Inc, 2008). The Stage 3 assessment of AfHi-347 included the mapping of all surface artifacts and the hand excavation of nineteen one-metre square test units. In total, 921 artifacts were recovered, including: 579 ceramic, 155 kitchen or food related, 143 structural, twenty miscellaneous metal, sixteen pre-contact Aboriginal, seven personal and one piece of horse tack. Table 1 provides an artifact summary for the Stage 3 recoveries from AfHi-347. Due to the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics as well as the presence of early 19 th century pearlware ceramics, further Stage 4 archaeological assessment was recommended for AfHi-347 (Archaeologix Inc, 2008a). Table 1: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for AfHi-347 Artifact Frequency % Ceramic Artifacts: whiteware pearlware utilitarian ironstone unknown ceramic yelloware creamware porcelain Total Ceramic Artifacts Non-Ceramic Artifacts: kitchen/food related structural miscellaneous metal pre-contact Aboriginal personal horse tack Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts Total Stage 3 Artifacts % Report No R01 3

11 Location 10 (AfHi 349) Location 3 (AfHi 347) WESTDEL BOURNE APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF STUDY AREA Location 11 (AfHi 350) Location 1 (AfHi 346) APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF STUDY AREA WARBLER WOODS WALK APPROXIMATE LIMIT OF STUDY AREA WESTDEL BOURNE LEGEND AREAS: CITY OF LONDON BOUNDARY REFERENCE OXFORD STREET WEST WONDERLAND ROAD CITY OF LONDON SPRINGBANK ROAD WHARNCLIFFE ROAD HIGHWAY 402 DRAWING BASED ON THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF LONDON MAPPING DATA DISTRIBUTION CD V ; AND 2006 ORTHOGRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPH BY FIRST BASE SOLUTIONS, VUMAP SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE. NOTES ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SUBJECT TO STAGE 4 ASSESSMENT OTHER: EASTING (UTM - Nad 83 Zone 17) NORTHING (UTM - Nad 83 Zone 17) STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH LOCATION 3 PART OF LOTS 49 & 50, CONC. B, TWP OF WESTMINISTER, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, ON. HIGHWAY 401 THIS DRAWING IS SCHEMATIC ONLY AND IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCOMPANYING TEXT. ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. KEY PLAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE REQUIRING STAGE 4 MITIGATION OR LONG-TERM AVOIDANCE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SUBJECT TO STAGE 3 TEST EXCAVATION WITH NO REQUIREMENT FOR ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENT LOCATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES DISCUSSED IN THE REPORT FIGURE 2

12 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 2.2 Historic Background Research AfHi-347 is located in the northwest corner of the north half of Lot 50, Concession B, Westminster Township, Middlesex County, Ontario. The following summarizes the existing archival records concerning the 19 th century occupation for this area. The north half of Lot 50 was granted by the Crown to Catherine Lansing in John Lansing (Catherine s husband) is listed as selling the property to Charles Montague that same year (200 acres, more or less). Following a gap in the registry records, C.C. Abbott is listed as selling a portion of the north half of Lot 50 to David Smith in Also in 1866 a large portion of the Lot is listed as being sold by C.C. Abbott to Henry Montague. David Smith is registered as selling a portion of the north half to Cumerford Smith in Walter Armstrong, who is listed as an owner in the 1878 historic atlas, first appears in the registry records for the north half of Lot 50 in 1885 where he is listed as signing a mortgage with the Dominion S. & Invest. Walter Armstrong is also listed as selling a portion of the north half of the lot to Cumerford Smith in According to the 1878 historic atlas of Westminster Township, AfHi-347 is located within the portion of the north half of the lot that was owned by a D. Smith (Figure 3). No historic structures are illustrated in this portion of the Lot, however this area of the map is difficult to interpret as it is situated along a seam line of the atlas. Table 2 summarizes the Land Registry data for the north half of Lot 50, Concession B, Westminster Township from the Crown patent to Table 2: Land Registry Data to 1892 for the North Half of Lot 50, Concession B, Westminster Township No. Instrument Dated Grantor Grantee Quantity/Remarks Patent April 1832 The Crown Catherine Lansing N pt Bargain & Sale April 1832 John Lansing & wife Charles Montague 200 more or less 4877 Bargain & Sale May 1866 C.C. Abbott David Smith 4892 Bargain & Sale May 1866 Wm. Boyer et al. C.C. Abbott a.o.l., pt exceptions 4913 Bargain & Sale May 1866 C.C. Abbott et al. Henry Montague a.o.l., pt exceptions 5782 Convey'ce March 1869 David Smith Cumerford Smith Pt. except pts. Conveyed Mortgage Jan Walter Armstrong Dominion S & Invest So a.o.l., pt exceptions Bargain & Sale Nov Walter Armstrong Cumerford Smith Pt. Report No R01 5

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14 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 3.0 STAGE 4 STUDY METHODS The Stage 4 excavations at AfHi-347 were conducted between November 5, 2008 and November 20, 2008 and included the hand excavation of 34 additional one-meter units. All soil was screened through 6mm mesh hardware cloth. Each one metre square unit was excavated to subsoil. Following the hand excavation of these units, the topsoil was mechanically removed using an excavator with a ditching bucket attachment. The subsoil surface was then shovel shined, and all subsurface cultural features mapped and excavated. The site was mapped using the five metre grid established during the Stage 3 investigations. Each five metre square was divided into 25 one metre units, with sub-square number one located in the southwest corner of the five metre unit, number five in the southeast corner, number six located immediately north of number one, and so on (Figure 4). All artifacts were bagged according to the one metre provenience unit for later laboratory washing and cataloguing. The weather during the Stage 4 assessment was cold with some snowfall. Despite the snow the ground was not frozen and at no time were there conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological remains. All recovered artifacts will be temporarily housed at the London, Ontario office of Golder Associates Ltd. until such time as formal arrangements are made for their transfer to the Ministry of Culture collections facility at 900 Highbury Road, London, Ontario. Permission to enter the property and remove artifacts was provided by Maureen Zunti, Senior Planner at Sifton Properties Limited. Figure 4: Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment Grid Division 5m Square Unit m sub-square numbers m sub-squares Reference point (south-west corner) Report No R01 7

15 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 4.0 STAGE 4 EXCAVATION RESULTS FOR AFHI-347 The Stage 4 assessment of AfHi-347included the hand excavation of 34 one-metre square test units (Figure 5) followed by the mechanical removal of the remaining topsoil and the hand excavation of sixteen cultural features (Figure 6). In total, 12,260 artifacts were recovered, including 4697 glass artifacts, 4196 pieces of ceramics, 1700 structural artifacts, 934 faunal remains, 576 tools and miscellaneous metal, 97 personal, 36 household artifacts, 13 pieces of recent material and 11 pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts. Table 3 provides a Stage 4 artifact summary for AfHi-347. Appendix A provides a complete catalogue listing for all of the Stage 4 artifacts. Table 3: Stage 4 Artifact Summary for AfHi-347 Artifact Class Frequency % domestic structural faunal tools & misc. metal personal recent material pre-contact Total Stage 4 Artifacts Historic Artifact Descriptions Domestic Artifact Assemblage A total of 8929 domestic artifacts were recovered from during the Stage 4 excavations. This collection includes 4697 glass artifacts, 4196 ceramic artifacts and 36 household artifacts Glass Artifacts A collection of 4697 glass artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347. This assemblage includes 4231 bottle glass shards, 184 chimney lamp shards, 167 complete glass bottles/containers, 100 glass dish fragments and 15 pieces of miscellaneous glass. Table 4 provides a detailed breakdown of the glass artifacts assemblage from AfHi-347. Report No R01 8

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18 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table 4: Detailed Breakdown of the Glass Artifact Assemblage for AfHi-347 Artifact Frequency % bottle glass chimney lamp complete glass bottles glass dish miscellaneous glass Total Glass Artifacts Bottle Glass The most frequently represented class of glass artifacts recovered from AfHi-347 was bottle glass shards with 4231 pieces. The colours of bottle glass represented in this collection include brown, aqua, green, clear, olive and blue. The colour of bottle glass alone is very limited with regards to providing dates of manufacture for the bottles, although the majority of this fragmentary assemblage appears consistent with the complete bottle assemblage described below (Lindsey, 2009). Complete Glass Bottles/Containers One hundred and sixty-four complete glass bottles were recovered from AfHi-347. Three were recovered from Feature 15A, 63 from Feature 15B and 89 from Feature 7. A total of 107 of the 155 bottles recovered exhibited some form of maker s mark, trademark or bottle mould number. Table 5 provides a detailed breakdown of the complete glass bottle assemblage while data on the identifiable manufacturers is listed below. Table 5: Complete Glass Bottle Assemblage from AfHi-347 Visible Markings Freq. % Not Present Trademark Mould Number D' in a Diamond Shape Trademark with a 'D' in a Diamond Diamond Shape Total Complete Glass Bottles % Prior to 1920 it was rare to find a trademark on a glass bottle produced in Canada. From the mid 18 th century through to the early 20 th century the most commonly used mark on Canadian produced bottles were mould numbers (Miller and Jorgensen, 1986). Bottle mould numbers are found on the base of a bottle and were used by companies for inventory and by consumers for purchasing (Miller and Jorgensen, 1986). Twenty-three of the 155 complete bottles recovered from AfHi-347 exhibit only a mould number. Report No R01 11

19 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH A total of 26 bottles were recovered that have the letter D in a diamond shape embossed on the base. Eleven of these bottles have this mark in conjunction with a trademark. This mark was used by the Dominion Glass Company, based out of Montreal. The Dominion Glass Company was formed in 1913 from several other bottle making companies. The D in a diamond trademark was registered on June 27, 1928 (Miller and Jorgensen, 1986). Five of the complete bottles recovered from AfHi-347 have only a diamond shape on the base. Several companies used this mark including the Illinois Glass Company, the Illinois Pacific Glass Company and the Diamond Glass Company (Lindsey, 2009). Because of the number of companies who used this mark, in most cases it is it not possible to determine which firm produced these bottles. Bottles with Trademarks Sixty-four of the bottles recovered from AfHi-347 were embossed with a trademark. Table 6 provides a detailed breakdown of the complete glass bottle assemblage by manufacturer. The most commonly recovered trademark (N=13) from AfHi-347 is a W in a crown, a trademark of Hiram Walker and Sons Ltd. This trademark design was used for whiskey bottles commencing in 1887 (Figure 7). Hiram Walker built his distillery in Walkerville, ON (now a part of Windsor) in By 1882 the distillery offered 27 different whiskey products for sale (Jahns, 2006). Seven bottles from AfHi-347 were embossed with varying trademarks from C. Kern Brew Co (Figure 8). C. Kern Brewing Co. was in business in Port Huron, Michigan from 1884 to The brewery was shut down during Prohibition in In 1920 they were issued a permit for the production of non-alcoholic beverages and in 1933 resumed the production of alcoholic beverages (Tavern Trove, 2009). Six bottles recovered were manufactured by Seagram s in Waterloo, ON, Canada (Figure 8). Seagram s was in business from 1857 to Seagrams produced and bottled different types of liquor but their specialty was in the production of fine Canadian whiskies (City of Waterloo, 2003). Six bottles recovered from AfHi-347 were trademarked by Gooderham and Worts Distillery (Figure 9). The distillery began operating under the name Gooderham and Worts in 1845 in York, ON (Rosenblatt, 2009). The company was sold in 1923 to Harry C, Hatch and the last barrel of whisky from the Gooderham and Worts distillery was produced in In 1988 the Gooderham and Worts site in York (now Toronto) was designated a National Historic Site and in 2003 the Distillery Heritage District was opened to the public. Report No R01 12

20 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 7: Hiram Walker Trademark from AfHi-347 Figure 8: Bottles from C. Kern Brew Co. (left) and Seagram's (right) from AfHi-347 Report No R01 13

21 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table 6: Complete Glass Bottles with Trademarks from AfHi-347 Manufacturer Freq. % Hiram Walker & Sons Inc C. Kern Brew Co Seagrams Waterloo Gooderham & Worts W.T. Strong Carter's Gaelic Old Smuggler W.R. & Co Warner's Safe Cure Paine s Radway & Co The Old Bushmills Distillery Murray & Lanman Dr. Mahan's Compass Oil Dr. Pierce's Favourite Prescription Vicker's Gin GO J.M K.B. Ld L.W. Glen Philada Nonsuch mfg Co W.G. & S.L. Ltd WHI Capsule Made in Holland W.T. & Co Whitmore Boston USA Black Watch M.R. Co C.D. Ltd C.H. Tune Ltd Total Bottles with Trademarks % Four bottles embossed with W.T. Strong Druggist London Ont. were recovered from AfHi-347 (Figure 10). While no definitive dates could be found for this firm, a bibliography of Canadian cookbooks lists W.T. Strong, druggist, London, ON as publishing books in 1890, 1892, 1895 and 1913 (Driver, 2008). It is noted in the same book that W.T. Strong was the maker of Strong s Baking Powder in London, ON. Three bottles embossed with W.R. and Co. were recovered from AfHi-347. Although no information could be found on a company by that name, the bottles are small and clear and similar to medicinal bottles of the late 19 th and early 20 th century. Report No R01 14

22 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 9: Gooderham and Worts Trademark from AfHi-347 Figure 10: Paine s Celery Compound (left) and W.T. Strong (right) Bottles from AfHi-347 Report No R01 15

23 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Three complete bottles from Carter s Ink were recovered from AfHi-347. Carter s began producing ink in 1858 and did so for over 100 years. Carter s was extremely popular as they were the first company to produce an ink that was thick enough to be used for copies, yet flowed enough to be used in pens (Faulkner, 2003). This allowed companies to only have to purchase one type of ink instead of two. Two of the bottles recovered from AfHi-347 are most likely from the 20 th century, as they are stamped made in Canada and by that point Carter s had a plant in Canada. The second bottle is stamped made in USA. Three white glass containers were recovered from AfHi-347 that appear to be cold cream containers. Two are plain and one is labelled Pond s and still has its lid (Figure 11). Pond s cream was invented in the United States in This jar is post-1910 as until that date the cream was called Pond s Extract (Gartrell, 2008). Figure 11: White Glass "Pond's" Container Two bottles were recovered from AfHi-347 with the embossed trademark Gaelic Old Smuggler. These bottles were most likely of Irish whiskey; however many companies produced or distributed whiskies referred to as Old Smuggler. Craigellachie-Glenlivet in Great Britain produced a whiskey called Old Smuggler starting in 1887 (Lindsey, 2009) and Hiram Walker Distilleries also distributed a whiskey called Old Smuggler. One bottle with the trademark Paine s Celery Compound was recovered from AfHi-347 (Figure 10). Paine s Celery Compound was produced by Milton K. Paine, a pharmacist, beginning in Celery compound was a very successful medicine that was said to cure diseases of the nerves, kidneys, liver, stomach and bowels (Cannon, 2008). One bottle with the trademark R.R.R. Radway & Co. was also recovered from Location 3. Radway s Ready Relief was a cure for external and internal pain that was introduced by Richard Radway in 1847 (Griffenhagen and Bogard, 1999) Report No R01 16

24 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH One bottle with the trademark Warner s Safe Cure and an illustration of a safe was recovered from AfHi-347. Warner s Safe Cure was a remedy for kidney and liver pains. This bottle was manufacturer between 1879, when the illustration of the safe was trademarked, and 1906, when the Food and Drug Act required the word cure be changed to remedy (Griffenhagen and Bogard, 1999). One bottle with the trademark Dr. Pierce s Favourite Prescription was recovered from AfHi-347. This medicinal compound was said to cure a wide variety of ailments and was produced between 1870 and 1945 (Griffenhagen and Bogard, 1999). One bottle with the trademark Dr. Mahan s Compass Oil was also recovered (Figure 12). While no information could be found on this particular company, compass oil was not commonly used until the 1940s. Prior to that compasses were filled with an alcohol and water mixture (Viking Optics, 2009). One bottle with the trademark Murray and Lanman Florida Water was recovered from AfHi-347 (Figure 12). Murray s Florida Water was introduced as a cologne in It also became a well known skin care agent as well as a cure for jangled nerves (Schofield, 2008). The company became Murray and Lanman s in Figure 12: Dr. Mahan's Compass Oil and Murray Lanman Bottles from AfHi-347 Report No R01 17

25 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH One of the bottles recovered from AfHi-347 is trademarked The Old Bushmills Distillery Co. Trade Mark est Although this bottle is machine made (post 1900), The Old Bushmills Distillery has been licensed as a whiskey producer in Ireland since One bottle recovered from AfHi-347 is trademarked Vicker s Gin Famous Since This bottle is machine made and therefore post Thirteen of the bottles with trademarks appear to have been from small-scale companies for which no historical data was obtained, while some trademarks on the remaining bottles were degraded and illegible. These include the trademarks: Vicker's Gin, GO, J.M., K.B. Ld, L.W. Glen Philada, Nonsuch mfg Co., W.G. & S.L. Ltd, WHI Capsule Made in Holland, W.T. & Co., Whitmore Boston USA, Black Watch M.R. Co., C.D. Ltd and C.H. Tune Ltd. Nine of these thirteen bottles were machine made (post 1900), two have seams that ended mid neck ( ), one has a seam that ends near the top of the neck ( ) and one is clear with a flared lip indicating a manufacture date post 1880 (Kendrick, 1974). Chimney Lamp Glass A total of 184 pieces of chimney lamp glass were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations at Location 3, AfHi Chimney lamp glass is thin and curved, which distinguishes it from window glass. Glass Dishes One hundred pieces of glass dishes were recovered from AfHi-347. Five were decorated using created colours, two were determined to be salt and pepper shakers and one was stamped Souvenir of Elyria, Ohio. Miscellaneous Glass Artifacts Fifteen miscellaneous glass artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347. Five of these appear to be glass stoppers for bottles, two appear to be coasters and the remainder are miscellaneous fragments Ceramic Artifacts In total 4196 fragments of ceramic cups, plates or pots were collected from the excavations at AfHi-347. Included in this total are: 1237 pieces of ironstone, 1180 pieces of whiteware, 537 pieces of utilitarian wares, 478 undetermined fragments, 324 pieces of pearlware, 259 pieces of porcelain, 73 pieces of modern ceramic, 52 pieces of redware, 51 pieces of yelloware and 5 pieces of creamware. Table 7 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 8 provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style. Report No R01 18

26 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table 7: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AfHi-347 Artifact Frequency % ironstone whiteware utilitarian undetermined pearlware porcelain Modern Redware yelloware creamware Total Ironstone Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in the 1840 s that became extremely popular by the 1860 s. It is usually much thicker than other whiteware, and often decorated with raised moulded designs of wheat or fruit. Starting in the 1860 s the wheat design, also referred to as Ceres was the most popular ironstone pattern produced (Kenyon 1985). Ironstone was the most common type of ceramic recovered from AfHi-347. In total, 1237 pieces of ironstone were recovered, constituting 29.48% of the overall ceramic assemblage. A total of 932 of the ironstone pieces recovered are classified as undecorated, 151 as moulded (32 of those with the wheat pattern), 138 as transfer printed, 14 as flow transfer printed and 2 as painted. One of the moulded ironstone artifacts recovered is a complete teacup with the wheat pattern (Figure 13). Transfer printing involves the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the under-glaze surface of the clay (Figure 14). Flow transfer printing is a style of decoration in which the pigment is allowed to flow into the glaze (Figure 15). Flow transfer printing had a revival in the 1890 s, when ironstone was the most popular ceramic in Ontario. Twenty-nine pieces of ironstone have some form of maker s mark on them, 25 have partial maker s marks and four fragments have full maker s marks. Fourteen of the 25 partials were too fragmentary to identify. The remaining eleven partial and four complete marks are identified as follows: eight from J & G Meakin Hanley (1891+), two from T.W. & Co. ( ), two from Bishop Stonier (1890+), and one each from Johnson Bros. ( ), J. Wedgewood ( ) and W. E. Corn ( ) (Figure 16). It should be noted that the piece from J. Wedgewood is John Wedgewood, not to be confused with the famous Josiah Wedgewood, who never used the initial J. in his maker s marks (Birks, 2005). One of the marks is not actually a maker s mark, but a registration stamp. Based on the letters and numbers on it, this particular piece of ceramic was registered in Britain on September 27, 1880 (Figure 17). Report No R01 19

27 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 13: Complete Moulded Ironstone teacup with wheat pattern from AfHi-347 Figure 14: Transfer Printed Ironstone from AfHi-347 (actual size) Report No R01 20

28 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Table 8: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AfHi-347 Artifact Frequency % ironstone, plain whiteware, plain whiteware, transfer printed earthenware, red pearlware, plain stoneware ironstone, moulded ironstone, transfer printed porcelain, semi modern pearlware, transfer printed porcelain, painted earthenware, yellow porcelain, plain redware yelloware whiteware, painted porcelain, transfer printed whiteware, edged whiteware, sponged pearlware, edged ironstone, flow transfer printed whiteware, flow transfer printed whiteware, stamped pearlware, moulded pearlware, painted creamware whiteware, banded pearlware, banded ironstone, painted pearlware, sponged whiteware, moulded Total Report No R01 21

29 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 15: Flow Transfer Printed Ironstone from AfHi-347 (actual size) Figure 16: Ironstone Maker's Marks from AfHi-347 (actual size) Figure 17: Ironstone Registration Mark from AfHi-347 (actual size) Report No R01 22

30 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Whiteware Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the late 1820 s to early 1830 s, however the initial manufacture date of what archaeologists call whiteware is not known. Early whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming increasingly common later in the 19 th century. Whiteware was the second most common type of ceramic recovered from AfHi-347 with 1180 pieces. A total of 669 of the whiteware pieces recovered were classified as plain or undecorated. One piece recovered is plain but decorated with some moulding. The most common type of decorated whiteware recovered was transfer printed with 367 pieces. Transfer printed whiteware became popular quite early in the 19 th century and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the underglaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were blue. After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown, green, purple and red became more common. Transfer printed whiteware ceramics were less densely decorated than the earlier pearlware types, with more of the white background showing through the designs. A total of 216 of the transfer printed whiteware pieces from AfHi-347 are blue. The remaining fragments contain the colours red, purple, brown, black, green and pink (Figure 18). Figure 18: Transfer Printed Whiteware from AfHi-347(actual size) The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was hand painted with 45 pieces. The hand painted whiteware from this location contains the colours blue, green, red, pink, black, with a mix of monochrome and polychrome pieces (Figure 19). The most commonly used decorative design in this assemblage is floral motifs. Painted wares of this type were popular from as early as 1830 through to the 1870 s. Figure 19: Hand Painted Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Report No R01 23

31 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH The third most prevalent type of decorative whiteware recovered was edged whiteware with 37 pieces. Edged whiteware plates became common as early as 1790 and overlapped with the manufacture of edged pearlware ceramics. Both blue and green edged wares were popular in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries with green edged wares declining in popularity post From AfHi of the edged pieces are blue and 8 are green (Figure 20). Seven of the pieces are blue with scalloped rims and impressed curved lines, two are green with scalloped rims and impressed curved lines, six of the pieces have the impressed chicken foot design, three are blue with impressed lines, three are blue with curved lines that are not impressed, three are green with an impressed bud design and scalloped rim, one is blue with an impressed bud design and scalloped rim, two are blue with a straight rim with curved lines and 10 were too fragmentary to determine characteristics. Miller (1987) provides the production range for edged whiteware according to rim decoration as follows: scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, , scalloped rim with impressed straight lines, , scalloped rim with impressed bud, , embossed raised patterns, , unscalloped and impressed rim, , unscalloped and unmoulded rim, Figure 20: Edged Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Sponged whiteware was represented with 37 pieces. Sponged whiteware ceramics were a form of inexpensive tableware in which a sponge was used to apply an underglaze pigment. All-over sponging became popular by the 1840 s and remained common until the 1870 s. All of the sponged pieces were decorated using blue (Figure 21). Report No R01 24

32 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 21: Sponged Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Twelve pieces of flow transfer printed whiteware were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations of AfHi-347. This style of decoration, in which the pigment is allowed to flow into the glaze, became popular in the 1840 s and 50 s, with a later revival in the 1890 s. All of the flow transfer printed pieces are blue (Figure 22). Figure 22: Flow Transfer Printed Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Stamped whiteware was represented with eight pieces. Stamping involved the transfer of paint to the bisque surface through the use of a stamp most frequently made of sponge. This decorative technique usually dates to the second half of the 19 th century. The stamped pieces recovered from this site were decorated exclusively with blue (Figure 23). Figure 23: Stamped Whiteware from AfHi-347 (actual size) The remaining four pieces of decorated whiteware from AfHi-347 are banded whiteware. Banded wares were decorated with horizontal bands of coloured slip applied in varying widths. Colours are predominantly muted earth tones including, black, green, brown, orange, yellow, grey, and pale blue. Banded pieces may also include inlaid and cut away slip decoration and bands of lathe turned grooves or patterns. Banding occurred both as a primary decorative element and in conjunction with other design elements such as marbling, or the dendritic patterns found on mocha ware. Banded patterns were manufactured on whiteware from 1830 up to the 20 th century (Sussman, 1997). Banded designs are most frequently found on whiteware. After 1850 annular wares became available only on the blue banded variety and its use continued into the 20 th century (Sussman 1997). Report No R01 25

33 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Two of the banded pieces from this collection have brown bands, one has a blue band and one has a fragmentary brown, blue and yellow marbleized design. Utilitarian Ceramic Wares In addition to the tableware, 537 pieces of utilitarian ceramics were recovered from AfHi-347, constituting 12.8% of the ceramic collection. This assemblage includes 330 pieces of red earthenware, 53 pieces of yellow earthenware and 154 pieces of stoneware. Red and yellow earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the late 18 th and 19 th centuries and were the most common utilitarian ware in the first half of the 19 th century, eventually being replaced by more durable stoneware vessels. Stoneware vessels were also produced throughout the 19 th century, becoming more durable and refined over time. Pearlware Pearlware, sometimes referred to as China glazed, is a variety of earthenware that was popular from 1780 to Pearlware is often difficult to recognize because of its similar appearance to later whiteware ceramics, however because of the addition of cobalt, the glaze has a light blue to blue-green tint. When placed on a white earthenware bisque, this glaze gave the impression of a whiter ware than the earlier yellow tinted creamware. In total, 324 pieces of pearlware were recovered from AfHi-347 constituting 7.72% of the ceramic assemblage. A total of 203 pieces of the pearlware ceramics recovered were classified as undecorated or plain. Seven fragments are plain but decorated with moulded designs. The most common type of decorated pearlware recovered was transfer printed pearlware with 70 pieces. Transfer printing was developed as early as 1780, but did not become common on ceramics entering Upper Canada until around 1810 (Kenyon 1985:46). The early transfer printed pearlwares were most frequently decorated in blue, with other colours, such as black, green, red and purple becoming popular after Early transfer printed wares were frequently densely decorated, with very little white background apparent. Sixty-three of the transfer printed pieces from this collection were decorated using blue (Figure 24), five using brown and two with green and pink. Location 1 produced 31 pieces of edged pearlware. Both blue and green edged wares were popular in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries with green edged wares declining in popularity post Eleven fragments of the pearlware are blue with impressed lines and a scalloped rim, seven are blue with impressed lines and a straight rim, six are blue with a straight edge and impressed chicken foot design, two are green with a scalloped edge and impressed bud design, two are blue with an unknown impressed design, one is blue with impressed curved lines and two are blue and too fragmentary to determine design (Figure 25). Miller (1987) outlines the production range for edged pearlware according to rim decoration as follows: scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, , scalloped rim with impressed straight lines, , scalloped rim with impressed bud, , embossed raised patterns, , unscalloped and impressed rim, , unscalloped and unmoulded rim, The current assemblage consists predominantly of scalloped edged pearlware types ranging in date of manufacture from Report No R01 26

34 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 24: Transfer Printed Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Report No R01 27

35 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 25: Edged Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Seven pieces of hand painted pearlware were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations. The earliest painted designs were done using only one colour,(blue) with their appearance beginning in the late 18 th century and declining in popularity around One of the pieces recovered from AfHi-347 was decorated using only blue. The remaining six pieces of painted pearlware were decorated using combinations of pink, green, red and black (Figure 26). Polychrome painted pearlware started to become popular around the turn of the century however, the colours represented in this collection are primarily Late Palette colours and were not used until as late as 1840 in Upper Canada. Report No R01 28

36 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 26: Hand Painted Pearlware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Four pieces of banded pearlware were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations. Banded wares were decorated with horizontal bands of coloured slip applied in varying widths. Colours are predominantly muted earth tones including, black, green, brown, orange, yellow, grey, and pale blue. Banded pieces may also include inlaid and cut away slip decoration and bands of lathe turned grooves or patterns. Banding occurred both as a primary decorative element and in conjunction with other design elements such as marbling, or the dendritic patterns found on mocha ware. Banded patterns were manufactured on pearlware from 1790 to 1820 (Sussman, 1997). Three of the banded pearlware pieces from this site were decorated with black and green bands and one with black and blue bands. The remaining two pieces of decorated pearlware recovered from AfHi-347are sponged. All over sponging did not become a popular decorative technique until about the same time that pearlware started to decline in popularity, around However, these pieces are clearly pearlware and sponged and therefore have been classified as such. The two pieces are decorated using blue. Porcelain Porcelain is a type of earthenware fired at such a high temperature that the clay has begun to vitrify; consequently the ceramic is translucent when held up to a light. Because of its high cost, porcelain is extremely rare on 19 th century sites in Ontario, however by the turn of the century it becomes relatively common, as production techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. From AfHi pieces of porcelain were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations. Fifty-two pieces were classified as plain or undecorated. Hand painted porcelain was the most often recovered decorated porcelain with 66 pieces. Both monochrome and polychrome pieces were recovered, decorated in a wide range of colours (Figure 27). Report No R01 29

37 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 27: Hand Painted Porcelain from AfHi-347 (actual size) The remaining 45 pieces of decorated porcelain recovered from AfHi-347 are transfer-printed. Thirty-two pieces are decorated in green, with the remaining 13 pieces decorated with pink, green and yellow (Figure 28). Figure 28: Transfer Printed Porcelain from AfHi-347 (actual size) Ninety-six pieces of semi-porcelain were recovered from AfHi-347. Thirty-six of the pieces were plain and 60 were decorated. Most of the decorated pieces have transfer prints and/or guilding and are common 20 th century ceramics. Redware Redware is a thin bodied earthenware covered on both the interior and exterior by a dark reddish-brown, dark brown or black glaze. This type of redware was commonly used in the early 19 th century for tea pots and mugs. Fifty-two sherds of redware were recovered from AfHi-347. Report No R01 30

38 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Yelloware Yelloware ceramics were first manufactured in the 1840 s, and continue to be manufactured in limited quantities today. In total 51 pieces of yelloware were recovered from AfHi-347. Thirty-seven of the yelloware pieces are undecorated and plain and 14 are banded. The banded pieces are decorated with variations of cream, brown, black, white and blue bands with five of the pieces decorated with a dendritic pattern (Figure 29). Figure 29: Banded Yelloware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Creamware Creamware, often referred to as Queen s Ware was first produced in the 1750 s, and later perfected by Josiah Wedgwood in the 1760 s. This type of tableware became very common in Upper Canada by 1770 and continued in popularity until about 1820 when it started to be replaced by later pearlware and whiteware types. Creamware is a refined, thin bodied earthenware with a clear lead-glaze that appears creamy yellow to yellowish-green in colour. Five pieces of creamware were recovered from AfHi-347, four plain and one with an impressed scalloped edge (Figure 30). Figure 30: Creamware from AfHi-347 (actual size) Modern Ceramics Seventy-three pieces of ceramic from AfHi-347 have been classified as modern. Colours represented include green, pink, yellow, blue, grey and cream. Several of the pieces are decorated with a seashell design. Report No R01 31

39 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Undetermined Ceramics A total of 478 of the ceramic pieces recovered from AfHi-347 could not be catalogued into specific ceramic-ware classifications. These pieces are all heavily damaged and/or extremely fragmentary and they are impossible to accurately identify by type. In order to avoid altering the separate ceramic totals, percentages and ultimately the temporal data for the site the damaged pieces were simply classified as miscellaneous unidentified ceramics Household Artifacts A collection of 36 household artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347,including 18 utensils, eight metal tins, four metal locks, two pieces of charcoal, one cork, one label, one pair of scissors and one set of clock gears. Utensils The 18 utensils recovered from AfHi-347 include eight fragments of handles (six bone, two metal), six spoons, two knives and two forks (Figure 31). Figure 31: Fork recovered from AfHi-347 (actual size) Metal Tins Eight metal tins were recovered from AfHi-347. One of the tins was quite small and was labeled on one side NA-DRU-CO Cold Cream Ruby Rose" and "Manufactured by National Drug and Chemical Company of Canada Limited on the other. Clock Gears The mechanical gears from one clock were also recovered (Figure 32). A small stamp on the metal frame indicates this clock was made by the Waterbury Clock Company from Connecticut (Figure 33). The Waterbury Clock Company was established in 1857 and specialized in shelf and mantel clocks (Harveson, 2009). The company was reorganized in 1932 as the Ingersoll-Waterbury Company. Report No R01 32

40 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 32: Clock from AfHi-347 Figure 33: Waterbury Clock Company Stamp from AfHi-347 Report No R01 33

41 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Miscellaneous Household Artifacts In addition to the artifacts described in detail above, four metal locks, two pieces of charcoal, one cork, one label and one pair of scissors were recovered from AfHi-347 and have been categorized as miscellaneous household artifacts Structural Artifacts Seventeen hundred of the artifacts recovered from AfHi-347 were classified as part of the structural assemblage. This collection includes 821 shards of window glass, 758 cut nails, 43 pieces of red brick, 24 pieces of mortar, 22 nails of an undetermined type, 19 wrought nails, nine screws, two metal spikes, one metal hinge and one wire drawn nail. The only category of these artifacts that is commonly used for dating sites is nails, which will be discussed in detail below. Table 9 provides a detailed breakdown of the structural assemblage. Table 9: Summary of the Structural Assemblage for AfHi-347 Artifact Frequency % window glass cut nails brick mortar undetermined nails wrought nails screws metal spikes metal hinge wire drawn nail Total Structural Artifacts Nails The most common type of nail recovered from AfHi-347was cut nails with 758, followed by 19 wrought nails and 1 wire drawn nail. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head (Figure 34:1). They were invented as early as 1790, but did not become common in Ontario until Wrought nails were hand made and are identifiable by their irregular heads, hammered body texture, and all four sides coming to a taper (Figure 34:2). Wrought nails were the most commonly used nail in Upper Canada until about 1830 when machine cut nails started to become more popular. Wire drawn nails are identical to the type of nails in current use today, with a flat, round head and a wire shaft. Wire drawn nails became popular in the 1890 s. The remaining 22 nails that were recovered were classified as undetermined due to the fact that they are so heavily corroded. Report No R01 34

42 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 34: Nails from AfHi-347 (actual size) Tools and Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts A total of 576 of the artifacts recovered from AfHi-347 were classified as part of the tools and miscellaneous metal assemblage. This collection includes: 367 pieces of miscellaneous metal, 162 pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware, 44 pieces of metal wire, 1 piece of horse hardware, 1 metal file and 1 wet stone Personal Artifacts A total of 97 artifacts excavated from AfHi-347 have been classified as personal items. This collection includes: 44 white clay pipe fragments, 32 shoe fragments, five buttons, three metal buckles, two shotgun shell casings, two bone toothbrush fragments, one textile fragment, one thimble, one toy canon, one conch shell, one gunflint, one pair of eyeglasses, one coin, one partial horse hair brush and one bell. White Clay Pipe Fragments Forty-four white clay pipe fragments recovered from AfHi-347. Twenty-six are fragments of bowls, 16 are stems and 2 are elbow fragments. Seven of the pipe bowl fragments are marked with T D (Figure 35:2) or just T or just D. TD pipes were very common, first being manufactured circa They were produced by pipe-makers in England, Scotland, Holland, Germany, Canada, France and the U.S. (Kenyon 1982). Three of the pipe bowl fragments are effigy pipe fragments (Figure 35:3). Two of the white clay pipe stem fragments are marked, DOUGALL and GLASGOW on the first and MURRAY and GLASGOW on the second (Figure 35:1). One of the two pipe elbow fragments is decorated with flutes (Figure 35:4). Report No R01 35

43 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 35: White Clay Pipe Artifacts from AfHi-347 (actual size) 1. MURRAY/GLASGOW Pipe Stem 2. T D Pipe 3. Effigy Pipe Bowl Fragment 4. Fluted Pipe Elbow Shoe Fragments Thirty-two shoe fragments were recovered from AfHi-347. Twenty-one of these are sole sections (Figure 36), five are heel fragments and six are boot fragments. Buttons Five buttons were recovered from AfHi-347. Two are metal with no holes, one is metal with four holes, one is metal with two holes (Figure 37:2) and one is bone with four holes (Figure 37:1). Gun Related Artifacts Three gun related artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347: two shotgun shell brass casings and one gunflint. The shotgun shell casings are 12-gauge and are labeled Remington and Dominion Canuck. Report No R01 36

44 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 36: Shoe Fragments from AfHi-347 (actual size) Figure 37: Buttons from AfHi-347 (actual size) Coin The British coin is heavily corroded, but appears to be a King William IV coin (Figure 38). The inscription reads GULIELMUS IIII D(EI) G(RATIA) BRITANNIAR(UM) REX F(IDEI) D(EEFENSOR) (William IV by the Grace of God King of the Britons, Defender of the Faith). King William IV reigned from June 1830 to June Figure 38: King George IV Coin (actual size) Report No R01 37

45 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Miscellaneous Personal Artifacts In addition to the artifacts described in detail above, 12 miscellaneous personal artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347 including: 3 metal buckles, 2 bone toothbrush fragments (Figure 39:3), 1 textile fragment, 1 thimble, 1 toy cannon (Figure 39:2), 1 conch shell, 1 fragment of eyeglasses (Figure 39:1), 1 bell and 1 partial horse hair brush. Figure 39: Miscellaneous Personal Artifacts from AfHi-347 (actual size) Faunal Remains A total of 934 faunal remains were recovered from AfHi-347. Sixteen of the artifacts from this collection were burnt and 3 showed evidence of butchering. As pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347, it is possible that some of the faunal remains are not a part of the historic component of this site. However, it is impossible to tell for certain Recent Material Thirteen pieces of recent material were recovered during the Stage 4 excavations at AfHi-347, 12 pieces of hydro insulators and one piece of plastic. 4.2 Pre-Contact Artifacts Eleven pre-contact Aboriginal artifacts were recovered from AfHi-347: five pottery fragments, four ground stone celts and two pieces of chipped stone debitage. Report No R01 38

46 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Ceramics Two of the pottery sherds are fragmentary neck sherds and three are plain fragmentary sherds. One of the neck sherds is decorated with horizontal incised lines and the other is decorated with oblique stamps underneath horizontal incised lines (Figure 40). These sherds are clearly Late Woodland in origin, and may relate to the one of several nearby Glen Meyer villages ( BP) that have been documented in the Byron area. However the trailed horizontal lines on both fragmentary neck sherds in combination with the fact the body sherds were smooth and undecorated might indicate that the pre-contact Aboriginal presence at this location dates to the Middle Ontario Iroquoian period ( BP). Figure 40: Fragmentary Neck Sherds from AfHi-347 (actual size) Lithics One piece of debitage was manufactured on Onondaga chert. Onondaga chert is a high quality raw material that outcrops along the north shore of Lake Erie east of the embouchure of the Grand River. This material can also be recovered from secondary, glacial deposits across much of southwestern Ontario, east of Chatham. The other piece of debitage was manufactured on an unidentified local till chert. Three of the four celts were recovered from Feature 1 and one from Feature 16. As will be established in the section on Settlement Pattern, both Feature 1 and Feature 16 appear to be related to the Euro-Canadian occupation of AfHi-347. It is most likely the celts were collected as curiosities by the Euro-Canadian occupants of this site and later discarded with general household refuse. Table 10 details the metrics of the celts from this site. Table 10: Celt Metrics from AfHi-347 Cat. Context Artifact Length Width Thickness Figure Ref. Comments 1604 Feature 16 Celt 134mm 39mm 31mm Figure 41 missing pole end 290 Feature 1 Celt 127mm 46mm 26mm Figure 42:2 heavily battered 1712 Feature 1 Celt 129mm 47mm 25mm Figure 42:1 battered bit end 1713 Feature 1 Celt 72mm 47mm 17mm Figure 42:3 Report No R01 39

47 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 41: Celt Recovered from Feature 16 of AfHi Settlement Pattern for AfHi-347 Following the hand excavation of the additional one-metre units, an area of approximately 35 by 45 metres was mechanically stripped of topsoil and carefully shovel shined. As a result sixteen cultural features were identified, including 14 relating to the Euro-Canadian occupation and two additional features that relate to the small precontact Aboriginal presence at this site. Profiles and plan views for each of the features are presented in Appendix B, while Table 11 provides a summary of the feature data. The artifacts from each feature are included in the artifact summary for AfHi-347and have been discussed in greater detail above. Table 11: Feature Data for AfHi-347 No. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Plan Profile Artifacts Comments oval basin oval shallow double basin irregular shallow basin circular shallow basin circular basin rectangular basin 2814 contains well irregular shallow basin circular shallow double basin 0 pre-contact oval basin 16 pre-contact circular shallow basin oval basin 1 15A circular basin B rectangular basin 4809 root cellar 15C irregular oval shallow double basin oval basin 67 Report No R01 40

48 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 42: Celts Recovered from Feature 1 of AfHi-347 (actual size) Report No R01 41

49 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Features 2, 6, 9 and 13 are grouped into one area of the site. Very few artifacts were recovered from any of these features. Two faunal remains and one cut nail were recovered from Feature 2, while one cut nail was recovered from Feature 7 and Features 6 and 9 produced no artifacts. The absence of domestic debris in these features makes interpreting their function difficult, although it appears that they were not open for long, otherwise they would have been gradually in-filled with occupational debris. Features 1, 4, 5, 12, 16 and Feature 17 consist of a group of medium sized purposeful dug refuse disposal features located immediately east of the domestic residence. From these features a collection of domestic debris was recovered, primarily ceramics, with lesser amounts of window and bottle. Feature 7 consists of the remains of a well (Figure 43) and measures 330 centimetres long, 290 centimetres wide and 140 centimetres deep. The upper portion of the stone work from the well wall is missing and may have been salvaged for later use at nearby Location 10. The feature in which this well is located is somewhat unusual in that it is rectangular in outline and has a basin shaped profile. Clearly after its use as a well this feature was utilized as a convenient location to dump refuse, as 2814 artifacts were recovered from this feature including ceramics, glass, structural and faunal artifacts. Eighty-nine of the artifacts recovered from Feature 7, are complete glass bottles. The majority of these bear trademarks indicating they are liquor bottles, primarily whisky. Further examination of the remains from this feature indicates that it contains artifacts used throughout the occupation at AfHi-347. It was noted during the excavation that the smaller and older artifacts were recovered from the lower levels of this feature, while the upper fill consisted almost entirely of glass bottles. Features 15A and 15C are interpreted as substantial middens. Each contained a wide range of artifacts including ceramics, structural, kitchen/food related and personal items. As with Feature 7, early 19 th century artifacts such as pearlware ceramics and wrought nails along with later 19 th century artifacts such as cut nails and ironstone fragments were all recovered from these features and point to their use throughout the entire span of the occupation at the site. Feature 15B is rectangular in shape and appears to have been a root cellar. It is representative of earthen floor root cellars that were common the London area in the early to mid 19 th century. A total of 4809 artifacts were recovered from Feature 15B. Seventy-one of these were complete glass bottles including liquor bottles, beer bottles, ink wells, compass oil and medicinal bottles. Early 19 th century artifacts such as pearlware ceramics along with later 19 th century artifacts such as cut nails and ironstone fragments were also recovered from the lower levels of this feature. Features 10 and 11 were determined to be pre-contact Aboriginal features that pre-date the Euro-Canadian presence at the site. While nine Euro-Canadian artifacts were recovered from Feature 11, seven pre-contact artifacts were also recovered including three fragmentary sherds of pottery, two pieces of chipped stone tool debitage and two fragmentary neck sherds. No artifacts were recovered from Features 10, but its circular size and proximity to Feature 11 led to its probable identification as a pre-contact pit feature. Report No R01 42

50 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Figure 43: Remnants of a well within Feature 7 with glass bottles visible in the upper fill levels 4.4 Discussion The Stage 4 excavations at Location 3 (AfHi-347) produced a large number of artifacts ranging in date from the 1830 s through the turn of the 20 th century. The earliest artifacts at the site, the wrought nails and pearlware ceramics, are present with sufficient frequency to suggest that the occupation at this location began sometime in the 1830 s. The bulk of the tableware assemblage, with numerous examples of early to late 19 th century whitewares and a sizable collection of ironstone is consistent with an occupation of the site between However the artifact assemblage also contains a large amount of late 19 th to early 20 th century materials, primarily recovered from Feature 7 (the well), Feature 15b (the root cellar) and Feature 15a (midden). It is suggested that these artifacts, including an unusually large collection of complete bottles, were deposited at the site after its abandonment, as is strongly suggested by their provenience in the upper fill levels of the well and root cellar. The settlement pattern strongly suggests that the structure at this site was a log cabin, rather than a frame structure. The small, unlined root cellar and the lack of a stone foundation are typical characteristics of log cabin sites in the London area. The failure of most early pioneers in the London area to construct stone foundations for their log structures likely had less to do with the availability of field stone, which could have been collected from the Thames River or in sufficient quantities while clearing most fields, but likely had more to do with the Report No R01 43

51 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH view that these first structures on a lot were not intended to be long-term residences. Rather it appears that these log homes or shanties were viewed as a short term solution to residence requirements, with the intent to construct a frame or even brick structure as soon as finances allowed. This attitude might have stemmed from the fact that by the time of the primary settlement of London and Westminster Townships in the late 1820 s and 1830 s, there already were several established sawmills producing cut lumber. In the case of the occupants of Lot 50, long before the construction of their home on the northwest corner of the lot in the 1830 s, there were established saw mills located in Kilworth two kilometers to the west and along the Thames River in Byron approximately 3.5 kilometers to the east. It is suggested that sometime prior to 1878 the Location 3 cabin had been formally abandoned as the Illustrated Historic Map of Westminster Township does not indicate a structure at this location on (Figure 3). This map does illustrate a new home which had been constructed immediately east of Location 3. This structure, likely constructed in the early 1870 s was only recently torn down, and its former location was recorded as Location 10 during the Archaeologix Inc. Stage 1-2 assessment of the study area (Archaeologix Inc. 2008). Location 10 was subject to a Stage 3 assessment during the 2008 field season, although additional Stage 4 excavation was not recommended due to the late date of the material produced at this site consistent with a late 19 th and 20 th century residence (Archaeologix Inc. 2008a). The 1913 Department of National Defence Topographic map also illustrates the presence of this new structure but illustrates no structure present in the vicinity of Location 3 (Figure 44). It is viewed as highly likely that the late 19 th century domestic debris recovered during the Stage 4 excavations from the root cellar and well at Location 3, originated from this occupation at nearby Location 10. The collection of complete bottles is the best temporal indicator of the period in which Location 3 abandoned and utilized as a convenient location for refuse disposal. The earliest complete bottles recovered from the well and root cellar date from the early 1880 s while the latest date to the first five to ten years of the 20 th century. Report No R01 44

52

53 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH The land registry records indicate that the north portion of Lot 50 changed ownership a number of times from the early 19 th century through to the 20 th century. The north portion of Lot 50 was granted in 1832 to Catherine Lansing. The same year John Lansing and his wife (Catherine) are listed as selling 200 acres of that north portion to Charles Montague. The 1852 Census of Canada indicates that Charles Montague, a blacksmith, continued to reside in Westminster Township (Census, 1852). It seems most likely that the structure at AfHi-347 was constructed by Charles Montague. As has been argued above, the artifact assemblage from Location 3 is consistent with a first presence at the site sometime in the 1830 s. There are no further entries into the land registry abstract index for the north half of lot 50 until 1866 when C.C. Abbot is listed as selling a portion of land to David Smith. A detailed investigation of each instrument might prove useful in determining when Charles Montague sold his property to Mr. Abbot, however the structure was almost certainly in good repair at utilized well into the 1860 s, therefore it is logical to conclude that the Abbott family resided for an undetermined period of time in the structure located at Location 3. It appears to have been during David Smith s tenure as owner that the log cabin at Location 3 was abandoned and the new home built just to the east along Commissioner s Road (Location 10) on land that had been conveyed to Cumerford Smith. David Smith is shown as owning this portion on which the cabin at Location 3 was located in the 1878 Historical Atlas, while the 1901 Census of Canada lists a David Smith, age 72, as still being a resident of Westminster Township (Census, 1901). The same 1901 Census lists David Smith as being as being married to Mary Smith, age 68, while in the subsequent 1911 census Mary Smith is listed as a widow (Census, 1911). Report No R01 46

54 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS An archaeological assessment (Stages 1, 2 and 3) was previously conducted for a 61.1 hectare property located on part of Lots 49 and 50, Concession B, Geographic Township of Westminster, now City of London, Middlesex County, Ontario (Archaeologix Inc. 2008, 2008a). The Stage 2 archaeological assessment resulted in the identification of eleven archaeological sites, including eight pre-contact Aboriginal sites and three 19 th century Euro-Canadian sites. Due to the probable significance and information potential of two of the pre-contact Aboriginal sites, (Location 1, AfHi-346 and Location 5, AfHi-348) and all three of the Euro-Canadian locations (Location 3, AfHi-347; Location 10, AfHi-349 and Location 11, AfHi-350), it was recommended that they be subject to additional Stage 3 assessment in advance of any development activities. The Stage 3 excavations at Location 1 (AfHi-346) resulted in the recovery of a significant sample of pre-contact Aboriginal cultural material, likely representing the remains of an Early Iroquoian camp or small village. Due to the location of this site in a woodlot the proponent has indicated that it is likely that this site can be afforded long term protection and it is their intent to seek a formal written avoidance agreement acceptable to both the Ministry of Culture and the City of London. The Stage 3 assessment of the second pre-contact Aboriginal site, Location 5 (AfHi-348) resulted in the recovery of only a limited amount of cultural material and no additional assessment was recommended. The Stage 3 assessment of Euro-Canadian Location 10 resulted in the recovery of primarily late 19 th and 20 th century artifacts and no additional assessment was recommended, while the Stage 3 excavations at Location 11 (AfHi-350) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and as a consequence this site will require Stage 4 assessment in advance of the development of this portion of the property. The Stage 3 excavations at Euro-Canadian Location 3 (AfHi-347) resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19 th century cultural material and further Stage 4 assessment was recommended. This report details the required Stage 4 excavations of this site. The Stage 4 excavation of Location 3 produced a large number of artifacts as well as the remains of a root cellar, well and two middens, consistent with the presence of an early to mid 19 th century log cabin. The presence of numerous late 19 th century artifacts in the assemblage strongly suggest that after its abandonment the cabin at Location 3 was utilized as a refuse disposal area, likely for debris originating from nearby Location 10 (AfHi-349), which was occupied from the late 19 th century through to the end of the 20 th century (Archaeologix Inc, 2008a). The Ontario Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations presented in this report. The Stage 4 excavations at Location 3 (AfHi-347) are now complete and no further investigation is required for this site. Due to the fact that a long term protection agreement remains to be negotiated for Location 1 (AfHi-346) and short term protection measures are required to be formalized for Location 11, a letter of clearance is not requested at this time. Should deeply buried archaeological material be found on the property during construction activities, the Ministry of Culture should be notified immediately at (519) In the event that human remains are encountered during excavation, the proponent should immediately contact both the Ministry of Culture and the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulation Unit of the Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations at (416) Report No R01 47

55 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH 6.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) has prepared this report in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinary exercised by members of the archaeological profession currently practicing under similar conditions in the jurisdiction in which the services are provided, subject to the time limits and physical constraints applicable to this report. No other warranty, expressed or implied is made. This report has been prepared for the specific site, design objective, developments and purpose described to Archaeologix Inc., now merged with Golder, by Sifton Properties Ltd. (the Client). The factual data, interpretations and recommendations pertain to a specific project as described in this report and are not applicable to any other project or site location. The information, recommendations and opinions expressed in this report are for the sole benefit of the Client. No other party may use or rely on this report or any portion thereof without Golder s express written consent. If the report was prepared to be included for a specific permit application process, then upon the reasonable request of the client, Golder may authorize in writing the use of this report by the regulatory agency as an Approved User for the specific and identified purpose of the applicable permit review process. Any other use of this report by others is prohibited and is without responsibility to Golder. The report, all plans, data, drawings and other documents as well as electronic media prepared by Golder are considered its professional work product and shall remain the copyright property of Golder, who authorizes only the Client and Approved Users to make copies of the report, but only in such quantities as are reasonably necessary for the use of the report by those parties. The Client and Approved Users may not give, lend, sell, or otherwise make available the report or any portion thereof to any other party without the express written permission of Golder. The Client acknowledges the electronic media is susceptible to unauthorized modification, deterioration and incompatibility and therefore the Client cannot rely upon the electronic media versions of Golder s report or other work products. Unless otherwise stated, the suggestions, recommendations and opinions given in this report are intended only for the guidance of the Client in the design of the specific project. Special risks occur whenever archaeological investigations are applied to identify subsurface conditions and even a comprehensive investigation, sampling and testing program may fail to detect all or certain archaeological resources. The sampling strategies incorporated in this study comply with those identified in the Ministry of Culture s Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines (1993) (Stages 1-3 and Reporting Format). GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. Jim A. Wilson, M.A. Senior Archaeologist Rebecca J. Balcom, M.A. Principal, Director of Cultural Sciences JAW/RJB/cr n:\active\2008\ archaeology\ \ sifton - stage 4 - london\reports\ r01\ r01 feb sifton - riverbend st 4.doc Report No R01 48

56 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH REFERENCES CITED Adams, Nick, Ian Kenyon, and Dena Dorszenko 1994 Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists in Ontario. Archaeologix Inc Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1 & 2) River Bend South Lot 49 and 50, Concession B, Geo. Twp. of Westminster, now City of London, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the MCul: Toronto. 2008a Archaeological Assessment (Stage 3) River Bend South Lot 49 and 50, Concession B, Geo. Twp. of Westminster, now City of London, Middlesex County, Ontario. Report on file with the MCul: Toronto. Birks, Steve 2005 Ceramic Marks. Cannon, Dr. Richard 2008 Celery Medicine. Census of Canada 1901 Census of Canada. Census of Canada 1911 Census of Canada. Census of the Province of Canada 1852 Census of the Province of Canada. City of Waterloo 2003 History of the Seagram Plant. Department of Defense 1913 Topographic Map Sheet 40 I/14. Department of Defense 1941 Topographic Map Sheet 40 I/14. Driver, Elizabeth 2008 Culinary Landmarks: A Bibliography of Canadian Cookbooks, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Faulkner, Ed and Lucy 2003 Let s Talk About Ink. Gartrell, Ellen 2008 More About the Pond s Collection. Government of Canada 1995 Topographic Map Sheet 40 I/14 (Edition 5). Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa. Report No R01 49

57 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH Government of Ontario 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines. Archaeology & Heritage Planning Unit, Cultural Programs Branch, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation. n.d. Archaeological Data Base Files. Heritage Branch, Ministry, Toronto. Harveson, Bill 2009 The Waterbury Clock Company. Hume, Ivor Noel 1969 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Knopf. Griffenhagen, George and Mary Bogard 1999 History of Drug Containers and Their Labels. Madison: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy. Jahns, Art 2006 Who Was Hiram Walker. Kendrick, Grace 1974 The Antique Bottle Collector. New York: Pyramid Books. Kenyon, Ian 1985 A History of Ceramic Tableware in Ontario, In: Arch Notes May/June Lindsey, Bill 2009 Historic Glass Bottle Identification and Information Website. The Bureau of Land Management, Society for Historical Archaeology. Miller, George 1987 An Introduction to English Ceramics for Archaeologists. Miller, George and Elizabeth A. Jorgensen 1986 Some Notes on Bottle Mould Numbers from the Dominion Glass Company and its Predecessors. Parks Canada. Rosenblatt, Mathew 2009 Distillery District Heritage Website. Sussman, Lynne 1997 Mocha, Banded, Cat s Eye, and Other Factory-Made Slipware. Studies in Northeast Historical Archaeology, no. 1. Boston: Boston University. Tavern Trove Tavern Trove. Viking Optics 2009 Compass Fluid. Report No R01 50

58 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH APPENDIX A Artifact Catalogue Report No R01

59 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 227 Feature 15B glass, dish 5 drinking glass 228 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp 1 white lamp glass 229 Feature 15B glass, bottle 74 two olive, 17 aqua, seven brown, nine created, 48 clear 230 Feature 15B glass, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 3 one metal ring, one metal wire ring (horse hardware?), one wavy sheet of metal 233 Feature 15B nail, undetermined Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 8 five blue, three brown 237 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed Feature 15B yelloware Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 7 rockinghamware 240 Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B label Feature 15B recent material 1 glass hydro insulator 243 Feature 15B ironstone 70 three with partial makers marks 244 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 7 moulded, painted, guilded (pink, blue, green flower pattern) 246 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined, recent 4 four basket weave, cream coloured and brown 247 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B porcelain, semi 7 five plain, two transfer printed and painted 249 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed green 250 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 3 orange 251 Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B porcelain, painted 4 three orange, one gold 253 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined, recent 6 from same vessel, blue and pink sea shell moulded design 254 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B glass, bottle aqua (three bases, one with "PH K LINCBRC CO. DETROIT PURE & WITHOUT DRUGS OR POISON"), one olive, 50 clear, eight created, ten brown. 256 Feature 15B glass, window 3 Project No R01 1/49

60 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 257 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B glass, dish 4 one base of a wine glass 259 Feature 15B yelloware Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 6 rockinghamware 261 Feature 15B ironstone 63 two with partial makers mark 262 Feature 15B glass, bottle 1 lid to bottle/jar with metal closure 263 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 16 nine blue, seven brown 265 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 1 pink and green 266 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined, recent 2 green, moulded and glazed 267 Feature 15B nail, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B ironstone 13 two with makers mark 274 Feature 15B glass, bottle clear, one olive, four aqua, three brown, eight created 275 Feature 15B metal tin Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 1 pink and green 280 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B porcelain, painted 1 blue, pink, and green guilded 282 Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 1 rockinghamware 283 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined, recent 2 green, moulded and glazed 285 Feature 15B faunal remains 2 one butchered 286 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 3 two metal wire rings, 1 band (part of a barrel band?) 287 Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 3 two blue, one brown 288 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B stoneware Feature 1 celt Feature 1 whiteware, edged 1 blue, scalloped edge, impressed bud design 292 Feature 1 porcelain, transfer printed 1 green with paint as well Project No R01 2/49

61 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 293 Feature 1 whiteware, sponged 1 blue 294 Feature 1 glass, window Feature 1 glass, bottle Feature 1 white clay pipe, stem Feature 1 ironstone, transfer printed 2 one blue, one brown 298 Feature 1 pearlware Feature 1 whiteware Feature 1 faunal remains 4 one butchered 301 Feature 1 metal, misc. hardware E 485N: whiteware E 485N: earthenware, red E 485N: ironstone E 485N: pearlware E 485N: whiteware, transfer printed 4 three blue, one green E 485N: whiteware, painted 2 from the same vessel, green and blue E 485N: pearlware, painted 1 yellow and green, late palette E 485N: brick 5 red E 485N: faunal remains E 485N: metal, misc. hardware 3 metal strips E 485N: nail, wire drawn E 485N: metal, misc E 475N: metal, misc. hardware E 475N: whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 475N: glass, bottle E 475N: button 1 "orange guilt" E 475N: redware E 475N: stoneware E 475N: glass, window E 475N: whiteware E 475N: faunal remains E 475N: screw E 475N: nail, cut E 475N: 3 26 earthenware, red E 475N: 3 26 ironstone E 475N: 3 26 whiteware E 475N: 3 26 whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 475N: 3 26 whiteware, edged 1 blue, straight not impressed lines Project No R01 3/49

62 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 475N: 3 26 whiteware, painted 2 one light blue line; one pink and green E 475N: 3 26 pearlware E 475N: 3 26 glass, window E 475N: 3 26 stoneware E 475N: 3 26 redware 1 lead glaze E 475N: 3 26 nail, cut E 475N: 3 26 faunal remains E 475N: 3 26 metal, misc. hardware E 470N: 1 faunal remains E 470N: 1 nail, cut E 470N: 1 nail, wrought E 470N: 1 white clay pipe, bowl 1 "D" embossed on it E 470N: 1 whiteware E 470N: 1 glass, bottle 1 green E 470N: 1 glass, window E 475N: 3 23 whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 475N: 3 23 whiteware, edged 1 blue, straight edge, chicken foot design E 475N: 3 23 whiteware E 475N: 3 23 glass, window E 475N: 3 23 ironstone E 475N: 3 23 yelloware E 475N: 3 23 glass, bottle 2 one clear, one "black" E 475N: 3 23 earthenware, red E 475N: 3 23 brick 1 red E 475N: 3 23 metal, misc E 475N: 3 23 faunal remains E 480N: glass, dish 5 all from one drinking glass E 480N: ironstone, transfer printed 6 blue E 480N: whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 480N: porcelain, semi E 480N: ironstone, moulded E 480N: whiteware, stamped 2 blue E 480N: whiteware, painted 6 one green, blue and pink; five blue E 480N: ironstone, flow transfer printed E 480N: yelloware E 480N: yelloware, banded 4 same vessel as cat# E 480N: glass, window 6 Project No R01 4/49

63 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 480N: shoe 1 sole with nails E 480N: redware 1 lead glaze E 480N: ceramic, undetermined E 480N: whiteware, edged 1 green E 480N: pearlware E 480N: whiteware E 480N: whiteware, transfer printed 22 blue E 480N: glass, bottle 27 three olive, one green, five "black", eight clear, ten aqua E 480N: faunal remains E 480N: earthenware, red E 480N: metal, misc E 480N: metal, misc. hardware E 480N: nail, cut E 480N: stoneware E 480N: ironstone Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 1 lid to dish 383 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B glass, dish 1 created colour, dish with handle 386 Feature 15B recent material 1 glass hydro insulator 387 Feature 15B glass, bottle 5 two brown, one clear, two aqua with " PH. KLINBRG CO DETROIT PURE AND WIHTOUT DRUGS OR POISON" written on base- not complete bottle 388 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp 12 white lamp glass 389 Feature 7 glass, bottle 11 two olive, one clear, eight brown 390 Feature 7 stoneware Feature 7 screw Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 glass, bottle 34 three olive, four clear, nine green, 18 brown E 480N: 3 28 metal, misc. hardware E 480N: 3 28 nail, cut E 480N: 3 28 nail, undetermined E 480N: 3 28 faunal remains 30 seven burnt E 480N: 3 28 metal, misc E 480N: 3 28 glass, bottle 8 five clear, three olive E 480N: 3 28 redware 2 lead glaze Project No R01 5/49

64 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 480N: 3 28 coin 1 british- difficult to read, only writing on one side E 480N: 3 28 pearlware, banded 1 green E 480N: 3 28 glass, window E 480N: 3 28 earthenware, red E 480N: 3 28 whiteware, painted 1 pink E 480N: 3 28 pearlware E 480N: 3 28 whiteware E 480N: 3 28 ceramic, undetermined E 480N: 3 28 ironstone E 480N: 3 28 whiteware, transfer printed blue, two black, one red E 480N: 3 28 whiteware, edged 2 one blue impressed chicken foot design; one blue impressed curved lines E 480N: 3 28 ironstone, transfer printed 3 blue E 480N: 3 28 whiteware, sponged 2 blue E 475N: 3 24 glass, bottle E 475N: 3 24 stoneware E 475N: 3 24 metal, misc. hardware E 475N: 3 24 earthenware, red E 475N: 3 24 faunal remains E 475N: 3 24 whiteware, sponged E 475N: 3 24 whiteware, edged 3 two green fragments, one blue E 475N: 3 24 whiteware E 475N: 3 24 whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue E 475N: 3 24 ceramic, undetermined E 490N: metal, misc E 490N: nail, undetermined E 490N: ceramic, undetermined E 490N: glass, window E 490N: faunal remains E 475N: nail, undetermined E 475N: whiteware, painted 1 blue E 475N: whiteware E 475N: faunal remains E 475N: whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue E 475N: white clay pipe, bowl 1 "T.D." pipe E 475N: metal, misc E 480N: 1 metal, misc. 5 Project No R01 6/49

65 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 480N: 1 nail, wrought E 480N: 1 nail, cut E 480N: 1 faunal remains E 480N: 1 whiteware, edged 2 green, impressed bud design E 480N: 1 pearlware, edged 1 blue, not impressed curved lines E 480N: 1 ironstone E 480N: 1 glass, window E 480N: 1 ceramic, undetermined E 480N: 29 ironstone E 480N: 29 ironstone, transfer printed 1 blue E 480N: 29 whiteware, transfer printed 3 blue E 480N: 29 ironstone, moulded E 480N: 29 whiteware, sponged 3 blue E 480N: 29 redware E 480N: 29 earthenware, red E 480N: 29 ceramic, undetermined E 480N: 29 white clay pipe, bowl 1 fragment, plain E 480N: 29 glass, bottle 6 two balck, four clear E 480N: 29 glass, window E 480N: 29 brick 5 red E 480N: 29 whiteware E 480N: 29 button 1 metal E 480N: 29 nail, wrought E 480N: 29 metal, misc. hardware E 480N: 29 metal, misc E 480N: 29 nail, cut E 480N: 29 faunal remains 52 seven burnt 464 Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 ironstone Feature 7 whiteware Feature 7 ceramic, undetermined 2 burnt 468 Feature 7 nail, undetermined Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 recent material 1 plastic 471 Feature 7 metal, misc Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware 2 one nail with large ball on top? 473 Feature 7 glass, bottle brown, one green 474 Feature 7 faunal remains E 475N: 21 metal, misc. 10 Project No R01 7/49

66 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 475N: 21 stoneware E 475N: 21 faunal remains E 475N: 21 metal, misc. hardware E 475N: 21 nail, undetermined E 475N: white clay pipe, stem E 475N: 21 utensil 1 spoon E 475N: 21 ironstone E 475N: 21 whiteware E 475N: whiteware, edged 1 blue curved lines, not impressed, straight edge E 475N: 21 earthenware, red E 475N: 21 whiteware, transfer printed 4 blue E 475N: 21 pearlware E 475N: 21 glass, bottle 5 one green, three clear, one olive E 475N: 21 glass, window E 475N: 21 ceramic, undetermined E 475N: yelloware E 475N: whiteware, banded 1 brown, blue, white, yellow, marbelized cat's eye E 485N: nail, cut E 485N: stoneware E 485N: thimble E 485N: glass, window E 485N: glass, bottle 1 clear E 485N: whiteware, painted 1 green painted leaf E 485N: whiteware E 485N: white clay pipe, bowl 1 plain fragment E 485N: whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue Project No R01 8/49

67 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 485N: pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue E 485N: earthenware, red E 485N: brick E 485N: metal, misc. hardware E 485N: faunal remains Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, machine made, "vickers gin famous since 1750" on side, textured bottle, "D" in a diamond on bottom, oval with three flat pannels on reverse 508 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, aqua, square bottle, seam ends before mouth of bottle, on side "celerycompound" and on the other side "paines" 509 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, aqua, round beer bottle, seam ends before mouth, on side "C. Kern Brew Co. Port Huron, Mich. Registered", on bottom "Pure and Without Drugs or Poison", "7-S", on bottom "AB Co." 510 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, green, round, machine made wine bottle 511 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 clear, machine made, round scotch bottle, label on lip says "Gasgow Scot..", on bottom "K.B. Ld) 512 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, has wide neck 513 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 514 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 515 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, flared lip, on side "L.W. Glen Philada" 516 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, green, round, machine made wine bottle, on bottom "F G C" "2" 517 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, machine made, on side at bottom "11", on bottom "Trade Mark W" with a crown and "D" in a diamond 518 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, brown, oval, machine made Project No R01 9/49

68 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 519 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, clear, machine made, oval, on bottom "B404", "c", "UCB" 520 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, round, machine made, on bottom "3" 521 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, round, machine made, on bottom "A540", "Teacher", "5", "UGB" 522 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, aqua, no seam, applied lip 523 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, brown, machine made 524 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, missing neck but most likely machine made, on bottom "Trade Mark W" with crown 525 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, brown, machine made, metal label on rim says "WHI " "Capsule made in Holland", has diamond on bottom 526 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 527 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, brown, machine made 528 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, round, machine made, textured, on bottom "Q", "D" in a diamond 529 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, brown, oval, machine made, on bottom "7" 530 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, rectangular, flared mouth, filled with oil of some sort 531 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, round, machine made, on side "C.H. Tune Limited Trade Mark Registered London Ont." a picture of a deer is also embossed on the side 532 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, green, machine made (mostl likely although missing neck), oval, on bttom "z" 533 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, on bottom "D" in a diamond 534 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, square, machine made, on bottom "D" in diamond, "J.M."? In cursive Project No R01 10/49

69 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 535 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, seam stops at bottom of neck, on side "R.R.R. Radway & Co. New York", "Ent D Acor D to", "Act of Congress", on bottom "2" 536 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, glass ink well?, on bottom "Carter's Made in Canada", round 537 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, rectangular, aqua, seam ends part way up neck 538 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, rectangular, seam ends part way up neck, on side "compass trade mark Dr. Mahan Oil", "Oil, Oil, Oil", "Manf d by Dr. Mahan's Compass Oil Company London Ont." 539 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, rectangular, seam ends part way up neck, on side "4 02", "W.T Strong" in cursive, "London Ont.", on bottom "417A" 540 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, oval, seam ends at top of neck, on side "W.T. Strong Druggist London Ont." on bottom "W.T. & Co", "Q" 541 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 large oval, aqua, seam ends halfway up neck, applied lip 542 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, aqua, rectangular, seam ends near top of neck, on sides "Dr. Pierces Favourite Perscription", "Buffalo NY", "R.V. Pierce M.D." 543 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, aqua, round, seam ends near top of bottle, on side "C. Kern Brew Co. Port Huron Mich. Registered", "Pure and Without Drugs or Poision" on bottom "A.B. Co." 544 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, oval, seam ends near bottom of neck, picture of a safe on front, "Warners Safe Cure", "London England", Rochester NY USA", "Toronto Canada", applied lip 545 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, oval, olive, machine made Project No R01 11/49

70 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 546 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, created colour, seam ends near top of neck, missing lip/mouth 547 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, seam ends near top of neck, on side "W.T. Strong Druggist London Ont.", Oval 548 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small square, created colours, seam ends near bottom of neck 549 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, rectangular, small, seam ends at mid neck 550 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium brown, wide round shape with short neck 551 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 green, medium, no visible vertical sear- seam horizontal around bottle, round shape 552 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, rectangular, small, seam ends near top of neck, on bottom "GO" 553 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 brown, small, applied lip, no visible verticle 554 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, round, small, seam ends at bottom of neck 555 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, round, seam ends mid neck, missing part of neck/mouth, on bottom "M4", "3" 556 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, square, salt or pepper shaker, has metal lid with holes in it, seam goes to neck- machine made? 557 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, rectangular, machine made, has original metal screw top lid with "Seagrams Rye Whisky", on bottom "3", "D" inside a diamond, body is textures with vertical lines 558 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, oval, machine made, missing mouth, on bottom "J.W. Trade Mark Registered" 559 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, square, aqua, seam stops halfway up neck, 560 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, round, no visible verticle seam- horizonal seam around shoulder of bottle, missing rim/mouth 561 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, large, round, machine made Project No R01 12/49

71 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 562 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 olive, round, large, machine made, on botton "D" with a diamond around it 563 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 green, large, round, machine made, missing upper neck, on bottom "D" with diamond around it E 470N: screw E 470N: faunal remains E 470N: glass, window E 470N: whiteware E 475N: glass, window E 475N: metal, misc. hardware 1 two metal rings attatched but broken E 485N: glass, bottle 2 clear E 485N: faunal remains 2 571B 295E 495N: whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue E 495N: glass, bottle 1 olive E 495N: whiteware E 495N: pearlware E 495N: whiteware, edged 1 blue, scalloped edge, curved lines, not impressed 576 Feature 7 glass, window 577 Feature 7 whiteware, painted 1 blue 578 Feature 7 faunal remains 2 one burnt 579 Feature 7 screw Feature 7 nail, wrought Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 29 six clear, 17 brown, one green, five olive 584 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, round, machine made, missign neck, on bottom, "C.D.LTD", "20" 585 Feature 7 glass Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 whiteware, edged 1 green, scalloped edge, impressed curved lines 588 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 10 five olive, two brown, two clear, one aqua E 490N: 3 23 faunal remains 27 nine burnt Project No R01 13/49

72 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 490N: 3 23 ironstone E 490N: 3 23 glass, window E 490N: 3 23 ceramic, undetermined E 490N: 3 23 nail, wrought E 490N: 3 23 nail, cut E 490N: 3 23 metal, misc E 490N: 3 23 glass, bottle 10 six olive, four clear E 490N: 3 23 whiteware, transfer printed 13 three green, five blue, five brown E 490N: 3 23 whiteware, edged 3 blue (one imressed chicken foot design, one impressed curved lines, one fragment) E 490N: 3 23 whiteware, painted 1 blue E 490N: 3 23 earthenware, red E 490N: 3 23 white clay pipe, stem 2 one unmarked, one (McDougall Glasgow ) on one side "DOUGALL" on the other "GLASGOW" E 490N: 3 23 white clay pipe, bowl 8 four unmarked fragments, 4 'T.D.' type fragments E 490N: 3 23 porcelain, transfer printed 12 green transfer print with pink, yellow, and orange paint E 490N: 3 23 porcelain E 490N: 3 23 whiteware, sponged 7 blue E 490N: 3 23 whiteware E 490N: 3 23 pearlware, painted 1 blue E 490N: 3 23 pearlware, edged 4 blue, impressed curved lines, straight (not scalloped) edge E 490N: 3 23 pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue E 490N: 3 23 pearlware E 480N: 3 29 glass, bottle 29 four olive, two green, ten clear, 13 aqua E 480N: 3 29 redware E 480N: 3 29 metal, misc. hardware E 480N: 3 29 earthenware, red E 480N: 3 29 stoneware E 480N: 3 29 nail, cut E 480N: 3 29 ironstone E 480N: 3 29 yelloware E 480N: 3 29 pearlware E 480N: 3 29 pearlware, transfer printed 17 blue Project No R01 14/49

73 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 480N: 3 29 porcelain, semi E 480N: 3 29 whiteware, painted 1 green, red E 480N: 3 29 whiteware, stamped 5 blue, from same vessel, pained blue bands along rim E 480N: 3 29 whiteware, transfer printed E 480N: 3 29 glass, window E 480N: 3 29 shoe 2 part of heel E 480N: 3 29 ceramic, undetermined E 480N: 3 29 faunal remains E 480N: 3 29 whiteware E 480N: 3 nail, cut E 480N: 3 yelloware E 480N: 3 ceramic, undetermined E 480N: 3 pearlware, transfer printed 3 blue E 480N: 3 whiteware E 480N: 3 whiteware, flow transfer printed E 480N: 3 whiteware, painted 2 blue E 480N: 3 whiteware, transfer printed E 480N: 3 glass, window E 480N: 3 metal, misc E 480N: 3 faunal remains E 480N: 3 stoneware E 480N: 3 earthenware, red Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 glass Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 screw Feature 7 earthenware, red Feature 7 whiteware Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 126 one green, 35 clear, 52 brown, 38 olive 652 Feature 15B glass, bottle 30 seven clear, six aqua, four olive, 12 brown, one unknown 653 Feature 15B nail, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B faunal remains 13 Project No R01 15/49

74 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 658 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue 659 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B glass, window Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 earthenware, red Feature 7 yelloware Feature 7 whiteware Feature 7 whiteware, banded 2 black 666 Feature 7 whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue 667 Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 nail, undetermined Feature 7 nail, wrought Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 glass, bottle 30 two aqua, three olive, two green, 23 brown E 475N: 22 glass, bottle 5 clear E 475N: 22 faunal remains E 475N: 22 glass, window E 475N: 22 earthenware, red E 475N: 22 stoneware E 475N: 22 yelloware E 475N: 22 ironstone E 475N: 22 whiteware E 475N: 22 ceramic, undetermined E 475N: 22 white clay pipe, bowl 1 fragment E 475N: 22 nail, cut E 475N: faunal remains E 475N: brick E 475N: nail, cut E 475N: whiteware E 475N: ironstone 1 Project No R01 16/49

75 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 475N: white clay pipe, stem 1 unmarked E 475N: whiteware, transfer printed 4 blue E 480N: faunal remains E 480N: metal, misc E 480N: whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue E 480N: whiteware, stamped 1 blue E 480N: glass, bottle 1 clear E 480N: glass, window E 480N: yelloware E 480N: ironstone E 480N: pearlware E 480N: whiteware E 485N: 3 27 faunal remains E 485N: 3 27 glass, window E 485N: 3 27 stoneware E 485N: 3 27 brick E 485N: 3 27 metal, misc. hardware E 485N: 3 27 nail, cut E 485N: 3 27 earthenware, red E 485N: 3 27 redware E 485N: 3 27 whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 485N: 3 27 whiteware, edged 2 blue curved lines, not impressed E 485N: 3 27 whiteware, transfer printed 11 five red, six blue E 485N: 3 27 whiteware, banded 1 blue E 485N: 3 27 pearlware, transfer printed 5 brown E 485N: 3 27 pearlware E 485N: 3 27 ceramic, undetermined E 485N: 3 27 glass, bottle 2 olive E 485N: 3 27 ironstone E 485N: 3 27 white clay pipe, stem E 485N: 3 27 whiteware E 485N: 3 27 whiteware, painted 2 one green/blue, one red/black E 485N: 3 27 white clay pipe, bowl 3 effigy pipe fragments E 490N: earthenware, red E 490N: glass, bottle 2 one aqua, one olive E 490N: metal, misc E 490N: pearlware E 490N: faunal remains E 490N: whiteware, painted 2 blue Project No R01 17/49

76 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 490N: whiteware E 490N: whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue E 490N: ironstone E 475N: stoneware E 475N: glass, bottle 2 one green, one clear E 475N: glass, window E 475N: whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue E 475N: ironstone E 475N: metal, misc E 475N: whiteware E 475N: metal, misc. hardware E 475N: nail, cut E 475N: pearlware, transfer printed 5 blue E 475N: pearlware E 475N: whiteware E 475N: whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue E 475N: glass, window E 475N: glass, bottle 1 green E 475N: faunal remains E 475N: ceramic, undetermined E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, edged 2 from same vessel, blue curved lines, scalloped edge E 485N: 3 26 nail, cut E 485N: 3 26 ironstone E 485N: 3 26 glass, window E 485N: 3 26 glass, bottle 1 green E 485N: 3 26 metal, misc E 485N: 3 26 faunal remains E 485N: 3 26 redware E 485N: 3 26 whiteware E 485N: 3 26 earthenware, yellow 1 rockinghamware E 485N: 3 26 earthenware, red E 485N: 3 26 stoneware E 485N: 3 26 brick E 485N: 3 26 glass, bottle 1 aqua E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, transfer printed 4 blue E 485N: 3 32 bullet, shell casing 1 Remington 12 guage shot shell casing Project No R01 18/49

77 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 485N: 3 32 metal, misc. hardware 4 metal band with writing on it (unable to make out what it says) E 485N: 3 32 metal, misc. hardware E 485N: 3 32 earthenware, yellow 1 rockinghamware E 485N: 3 32 redware E 485N: 3 32 stoneware E 485N: 3 32 nail, cut E 485N: 3 32 earthenware, red E 485N: 3 32 whiteware, edged 1 blue, impressed bud design, scalloped edge E 485N: 3 32 ironstone 27 two with partial makers mark E 485N: 3 32 pearlware, painted 2 early palette, yellow blue and brown E 485N: 3 32 glass, window E 485N: 3 32 glass, bottle 3 one clear, one aqua, one olive E 485N: 3 32 whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue E 485N: 3 32 brick 1 red E 485N: 3 32 faunal remains E 485N: 3 32 porcelain, semi E 485N: 3 32 pearlware E 485N: 3 32 porcelain E 485N: 3 32 whiteware E 485N: 3 32 ceramic, undetermined E 490N: 3 29 metal, misc. hardware 3 one handle E 490N: 3 29 metal, misc E 490N: 3 29 nail, cut E 490N: 3 29 brick 2 red E 490N: 3 29 earthenware, red E 490N: 3 29 whiteware, transfer printed 3 blue E 490N: 3 29 whiteware, edged 1 blue, scalloped edge, impressed curved line E 490N: 3 29 whiteware E 490N: 3 29 whiteware, sponged 1 blue E 490N: 3 29 glass, bottle 8 aqua E 490N: 3 29 glass, window E 490N: 3 29 ceramic, undetermined E 490N: 3 29 faunal remains E 490N: 3 24 white clay pipe, bowl 1 plain, fragment E 490N: 3 24 redware E 490N: 3 24 whiteware, moulded 1 blue paint Project No R01 19/49

78 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 800 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, square, machine made, large, on bottom "12" and a diamond shape 801 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, round, large, machine made 802 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, green, machine made, diamond on the bottom 803 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, on bottom "653, 141" 804 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, machine made, square, "Seagram's Waterloo" 805 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 round, short, green, wide neck, machine made, large, on bottom " W,P,18" 806 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, aqua, machine made, on bottom "12" 807 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, oval, machine made, on bottom "J.W. Trade Mark Registered" 808 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, olive, oval, machine made, on bottom "21" and "D" inside a diamond shape 809 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, round, machine made, large, on bottom "Trade Mark W" with crown 810 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, oval, machine made, on front "Black Watch, M.R.Co. Y" and on the bottom a "D" in a diamond 811 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, round and short with a wide neck, on bottom "Gaelic Old Smuggler", "3" 812 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, oval, olive, machine made 813 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, brown, oval, machine made on bottom "15" and "D" inside a diamond shape 816 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as 815 Project No R01 20/49

79 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 820 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as 815 but has a "Seagram's Canadian Whisky" label around neck 821 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, wide neck, machine made 823 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, round, machine made, on bottom "w" and a diamond shape 824 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, oval, machine made, large, on bottom "Trade Mark W" "2" "D" in a diamond shape 825 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as 824 but with a piece of label on the rim 826 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, on bottom "653, 14, 6" 827 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, round, large, machine made, bottom as diamond shape 829 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, aqua, square, machine made, on bottom "12", and "D" in a diamond shape 830 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 832 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 833 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, green, round, machine made, missing neck, diamond shape on bottom 834 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, wide neck, missing, rim, on bottom "w", "4" 835 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 small, brown, seam stops at neck, on bottom "979" 836 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, round, machine made, on bottom "1" 838 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, oval, machine made, large, on bottom "Trade Mark W" with crown "D" in a diamond shape, has broken bottom edge 839 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, olive, machine made, on bottom "WG&SL TD" on bottom Project No R01 21/49

80 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 840 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, olive, oval, machine made, on bottom "21" and "D" inside a diamond shape 841 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, round, oilve, wide neck, machine made, on bottom "Gaelic Old Smuggler", cork inside 842 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, olive, oval, machine made, on bottom "Trade Mark W"with crown and "D"inside a diamond shape, broken upper shoulder 843 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 medium, brown, oval, machine made on bottom "15" and "D" inside a diamond shape 844 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made 846 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, on bottom "Gooderham & Worts", "J&M Trade Mark Registered, Toronto" 848 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, round, beer bottle, machine made, "Port Huron Mich C Kern Brew Co Registered" 849 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 Same as Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 Same as Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 Same as Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 Same as 848, but without rim 853 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 large, created colour, machine made 854 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, aqua, oval, wider at top then at bottom, label at neck still on but with no visible markings, machine made 855 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, oval, aqua, seam goes half way up neck, flared rim 856 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, created colour, seam ends near top of neck, flared rim 857 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, machine made, round, beer bottle size 858 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, seam ends near rim, on bottom "v" Project No R01 22/49

81 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 859 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, oval seam ends a quarter way up neck, on front "W.T. Strong Druggist London Ont. 860 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, created glass, square, machine made, on side "Nonsuch mfg co. ltd. Toronto" 861 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, oval, olive, machine made 862 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, clear, round, similar shape to glass pop bottle 863 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, ink well, seam ends at top of neck before rim, on bottom "6" 864 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, oval, seam ends on shoulder, flare rim 865 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, similar size to modern beer bottle, on side "Florida Water Murray & Lanmand Druggists New York", on bottom "66" 866 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, small, round, flare rim 867 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, seam ends quarter way up neck, flare rim, small, on bottom "WR & Co" 868 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 same as 866 with "WR & Co" on bottom 869 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, oval, created colour, seam stops just past shoulder 870 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 same as Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, round, ink well, machine made, on bottom "carter's 7 1/2 made in USA" 873 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, seam up to neck, flare rim, oval 874 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, created colour, has six flat sides, wide neck, has trinity knot on bottom 875 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, has seam quarter way up neck, short neck 876 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, round, created glass, on bottom "403A" Project No R01 23/49

82 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 877 Feature 15B glass, white 1 small, round, white glass, same width from top to bottom, possiby cream container, 878 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, machine made, shaped like Heinz glass ketchup bottle 879 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 medium, brown, round, machine made 880 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, round, small, gets bigger through mid section, impressed design, 1/2 of neck and rim missing 881 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, oval, small, flare rim, seam stops half way up neck 882 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 brown, oval, medium, machine made, "15" and "D" in a diamond shape on the bottom 883 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 clear, small, free blown, missing most of rim 884 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, clear, square, machine made, on front/side "The Old Bushmills Distillery C Trade Mark est pure malt", on bottom "JL & Co Ld." "1A9" 886 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, square, large, machine made, "Seagrams Waterloo" on front 887 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 same as 886 but missing 1/2 of neck and rim 888 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, green round, machine made, triangle on bottom 889 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 brown, round, large, machine made, on bottom "653", "14" 890 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, oval, machine made, on bottom "Trade Mark W" with crown and "D" inside diamond 891 Feature 15A glass, bottle complete 1 clear, oval, small, seam ends close to rim, on bottom "8" 892 Feature 15A glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, square, on front "Seagrams Waterloo" 893 Feature 15 A glass, bottle complete 1 medium, oval, brown, on bottom "15" and "D" inside a diamond 894 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, aqua, square, machine made Project No R01 24/49

83 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 895 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 large, brown, round, machine made, on bottom "Trade Mark W" with crown 896 Feature 7 glass, bottle complete 1 clear, square, small, possily salt/pepper shaker E 490N: 3 24 faunal remains 1 burnt E 490N: 3 24 whiteware, edged 1 fragments, blue E 490N: 3 24 whiteware, transfer printed 3 blue E 490N: 3 24 whiteware, painted 2 blue E 490N: 3 24 glass, window E 490N: 3 24 glass, bottle 3 two aqua, one olive E 490N: 3 24 pearlware E 490N: 3 24 whiteware E 490N: 3 24 metal, misc E 490N: 3 24 brick 2 red E 490N: 3 24 nail, cut E 490N: 3 24 earthenware, red E 495N: faunal remains E 495N: metal, misc E 495N: brick E 495N: pearlware E 495N: whiteware, edged 1 blue impressed chicken foot design E 495N: whiteware E 495N: whiteware, transfer printed 4 three blue, one black E 495N: whiteware, painted 2 blue E 495N: ceramic, undetermined E 495N: glass, window Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, bottle clear, 16 aqua, two created, three brown, one olive 921 Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 16 rockinghamware 923 Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 2 brown 924 Feature 15B glass, dish 1 scalloped edge 925 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B earthenware, yellow Feature 15B brick Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 2 Project No R01 25/49

84 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 930 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 11 three brown, three blue, five pink brown and green 931 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 4 green 933 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 4 orange 934 Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B pearlware, moulded Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined 30 mostly burnt 938 Feature 15B faunal remains 2 one burnt 939 Feature 15B charcoal Feature 7 glass, bottle 21 two olive, 19 brown 941 Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 mortar Feature 7 metal, misc Feature 7 glass, bottle 39 nine clear, 11 olive, 19 brown 945 Feature 7 bullet, shell casing 1 12 guage shot gun shell casing, "dominion canuck" 946 Feature 7 redware Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 wet stone Feature 7 utensil 4 bone utensil handle fragments 951 Feature 7 porcelain, semi Feature 7 pearlware Feature 7 earthenware, red Feature 7 whiteware, edged 1 blue impressed lines 955 Feature 7 whiteware, painted 1 pink 956 Feature 7 whiteware Feature 7 whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue 958 Feature 7 eyeglasses 1 one lense and part of frame 959 Feature 7 metal, misc Feature 7 metal, misc. 3 look like bottle seals 961 Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware Feature 7 glass, bottle Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 brick Feature 7 nail, cut 38 Project No R01 26/49

85 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 967 Feature 15B glass, bottle aqua, 23 clear, one olive, eight created 968 Feature 15B mortar Feature 15B glass 1 perfectly round and flat glass 970 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed 1 has holes in it 972 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B ironstone 18 two with partial makers marks 975 Feature 15B porcelain, semi 4 one with moulded design and guilded 976 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 1 guilded 977 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 978 Feature 15B porcelain, painted Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 6 one blue, two brown, three pink and green 980 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 1 rockinghamware 982 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 8 one salt and pepper shaker 985 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 pink and green with gold guilding 987 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, machine made, round 988 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 created colour, rectangular, machine made, on bottom "420" 989 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, square, clear, machine made, ink well, on bottom "carter's made in canada", "246" 990 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 aqua, small, rectantular, seam stops mid neck, on side "Whitmore Boston USA", on bottom "1" 991 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, oval, seam stops part way up neck 992 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, machine made, round, on bottom "WR & Co" 993 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, aqua, square, seam stops half way up neck, on bottom "2" Project No R01 27/49

86 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 994 Feature 15B glass, white 1 white, small, square, machine made, metal screw top lid, written on the sides (twice) "POND'S", make-up/lotion container 995 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 hollow metal ball- decoration? 996 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B glass, bottle aqua, 43 clear, three brown, three created 1002 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 9 three blue, one pink, five brown 1003 Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 6 black 1004 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed 1 has holes in it 1005 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined B Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 4 moulded glazed- three green, one pink and yellow E 485N: 3 26 metal, misc E 485N: 3 26 faunal remains E 485N: 3 26 glass, bottle 4 one brown, one olive, two clear E 485N: 3 26 glass, window E 485N: 3 26 whiteware E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, sponged 2 blue E 485N: 3 26 earthenware, red E 485N: 3 26 ceramic, undetermined E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, transfer printed 10 five blue, one purple, two red, one brown, one black E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, painted 1 brown E 485N: 3 26 whiteware, edged 2 blue E 485N: 3 26 redware E 485N: 3 26 pearlware E 485N: 3 26 pearlware, transfer printed 1 brown Project No R01 28/49

87 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments E 485N: 3 26 brick E 485N: 3 26 white clay pipe, stem 1 unmarked E 485N: 3 26 nail, cut Feature 1 faunal remains Feature 17 whiteware, edged 3 blue impressed unknown design with scalloped edge 1032 Feature 17 whiteware, sponged 4 bue 1033 Feature 17 white clay pipe, elbow 1 fluted 1034 Feature 17 white clay pipe, bowl 1 fragment 1035 Feature 17 faunal remains Feature 17 porcelain, transfer printed 2 green 1037 Feature 17 pearlware Feature 17 whiteware, transfer printed 2 brown 1039 Feature 17 nail, cut Feature 17 redware Feature 17 glass, bottle 14 five 'black', seven olive, two aqua 1042 Feature 17 whiteware Feature 17 ceramic, undetermined Feature 17 metal, misc. hardware Feature 17 glass, window Feature 7 glass, bottle brown, ten clear, four aqua, seven olive 1047 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 glass, bottle 86 four clear, three green, 13 olive, 66 brown 1050 Feature 7 glass, bottle brown, six aqua, two clear, four olive 1051 Feature 15B glass, dish 3 one clear, two created colour 1052 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B glass, bottle clear, one created, ten aqua, one brown 1054 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small brown, round, seam ends at base of neck, one side broken, written on side "102" "bovril", on bottom "337" 1055 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B earthenware, red 4 Project No R01 29/49

88 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1059 Feature 15B pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1060 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 10 two black, two blue, one brown, five pink and green 1062 Feature 15B whiteware, sponged 1 blue 1063 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 4 rockinghamware 1065 Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B porcelain, semi 2 guilded 1067 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 3 black 1069 Feature 15B metal tin 1 small, oval metal tin with lid 1070 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 3 wheat design 1072 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B porcelain, painted 14 two green and pink, 12 orange and green 1074 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 1 rim from a deep dish 1075 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 see cat#955, hollow metal ball 1077 Feature 15B metal, buckle 1 buckle with hoop attatched 1078 Feature 15B utensil 1 spoon 1079 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 lamp hardware 1080 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 screw top lid 1081 Feature 15B metal tin 1 small, round, on top (lid) "NA- DRU-CO Cold Cream", "Ruby Rose"; on bottom "Manufactured by National Drug and Chemical Company of Canada Limited 1082 Feature 15B glass 1 glass stopper, brown 1083 Feature 15B glass 1 glass coaster? Aqua quth crown on the bottom 1084 Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B porcelain, painted 9 one pink and green, one blue pink and green with transfer printed gold, five orange and green, two painted gold with moulded design 1086 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 2 green 1087 Feature 15B porcelain 2 Project No R01 30/49

89 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1088 Feature 15B porcelain, semi 4 one handle with brown pain, three moulded design with scalloped and guilded rim- on piece has transfer pink and green 1089 Feature 15B redware 1 has design on outer 1090 Feature 15B ironstone, flow transfer printed 3 blue, one with chinese house design 1091 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B stoneware 1 handle/mouth of jug 1094 Feature 15B glass, bottle 30 ten created, one black, 14 clear, five aqua 1095 Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 11 black, also moulded 1096 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B ironstone 4 one tea pot spout 1098 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 21 five brown, 13 blue, three black 1099 Feature 15C faunal remains Feature 15C metal, misc Feature 15C ironstone, moulded Feature 15C whiteware, sponged 2 blue 1103 Feature 15C pearlware, sponged 1 blue 1104 Feature 15C pearlware, banded 1 green, black, and white 1105 Feature 15C creamware, moulded 1 impressed, scalloped edge 1106 Feature 15C faunal remains Feature 15C white clay pipe, bowl 3 two plain fragments, one fluted fragment 1108 Feature 15C white clay pipe, stem 3 unmarked 1109 Feature 15C whiteware, painted 2 one pink, one blue and green 1110 Feature 15C pearlware, painted 1 late palette red 1111 Feature 15C pearlware, transfer printed 13 blue 1112 Feature 15C utensil 1 large metal spoon 1113 Feature 15C metal file Feature 15C metal, misc. hardware Feature 15C nail, cut Feature 15C nail, undetermined Feature 15C nail, wrought Feature 15C whiteware 33 Project No R01 31/49

90 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1119 Feature 15C pearlware, edged 15 two blue impressed unknown design, one blue impressed curved lines straight edge, four blue impressed curved lines scalloped edge, six blue straight edge impressed chicken foot design, two green scalloped edge impressed bud design 1120 Feature 15C yelloware Feature 15C yelloware, banded 7 two green/brown/cream mocha design; one blue/dark brwon/cream marbelized; two blue; two cream 1122 Feature 15C whiteware, transfer printed 10 eight blue, two red 1123 Feature 15C whiteware, edged 2 blue straight edge impressed chicken foot design 1124 Feature 15C earthenware, red Feature 15C pearlware Feature 15C ceramic, undetermined Feature 15C glass, window Feature 15C glass, bottle 18 ten clear, seven olive, one aqua 1129 Feature 15C stoneware Feature 15C redware Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 3 same as Cat# Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B faunal remains 4 one butchered 1135 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B utensil 1 bone utensil handle 1139 Feature 15B mortar Feature 15B nail, wrought Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 9 four brown, two blue, one black, two pink and green with guilded edge 1146 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 3 green Project No R01 32/49

91 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1147 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 1 one with blue rim and transfer print gold pink and green; two pink and green with pain rubbing off, one orange and green 1148 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B glass, dish 1 clear 1150 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B glass, bottle 81 two olive, four brown, 23 created, 29 clear, 23 aqua 1152 Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 6 wheat design 1155 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 lamp hardware 1157 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 1 green 1158 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B porcelain, semi 1 gold guilding along base and rim 1161 Feature 15B metal tin 1 round 1162 Feature 15B mortar Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B ironstone 41 seven with partial makers marks 1166 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 same as Cat# Feature 15B glass, dish 2 one clear, one opaque blue with moulded design 1169 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 7 two with wheat design 1171 Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B nail, undetermined 1 bottom looks cut but round shape near top, thick round head 1174 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 18 one brown, six blue, 11 pink and green 1175 Feature 15B glass, bottle aqua, 42 clear, one olive, 17 created clear 1176 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 5 same as Cat# Feature 15B ironstone 26 Project No R01 33/49

92 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1179 Feature 15B nail, wrought Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 3 wheat design 1182 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1183 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 3 two green and pink, one orange 1184 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B creamware Feature 15B redware Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed blue, 2 brown, 13 pink and green guilded 1190 Feature 15B glass 1 mirror glass 1191 Feature 15B utensil 1 metal utensil handle 1192 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B glass, bottle clear, two olive, three created, eight aqua 1198 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15C faunal remains Feature 15C whiteware, transfer printed 3 two blue, one black 1202 Feature 15C yelloware, banded 3 brown, green, dark brown, cream mocha print 1203 Feature 15C glass, window Feature 15C whiteware, edged 2 blue 1205 Feature 15C redware Feature 15C stoneware Feature 15C metal, misc Feature 15C pearlware, edged 3 blue; one scalloped impressed design; two straight impressed curved lines 1209 Feature 15C white clay pipe, bowl 2 plain fragments- fits together 1210 Feature 15C ironstone, moulded Feature 15C whiteware Feature 15C whiteware, sponged 3 blue 1213 Feature 15C porcelain, semi 3 Project No R01 34/49

93 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1214 Feature 15C glass, bottle 21 seven olive, six clear, eight aqua 1215 Feature 15C whiteware, painted 1 blue 1216 Feature 15C pearlware Feature 15C metal, misc. hardware 1 metal band 1218 Feature 15C pearlware, banded 1 green and dark brown 1219 Feature 15C glass, dish Feature 15C ironstone Feature 15C earthenware, red Feature 15C ceramic, undetermined Feature 15C nail, cut Feature 15C yelloware Feature 1 metal, wire Feature 1 metal, misc Feature 1 faunal remains Feature 1 glass, bottle 24 three brown, three olive, 18 created 1229 Feature 1 pearlware, sponged 1 blue 1230 Feature 1 pearlware Feature 1 pearlware, edged 5 blue impressed curved lines, scalloped edge 1232 Feature 1 metal, misc. hardware 2?? 1233 Feature 1 white clay pipe, stem 3 unmarked 1234 Feature 1 screw Feature 1 whiteware, painted 2 blue and green 1236 Feature 1 earthenware, red Feature 1 whiteware, transfer printed 6 four red, two green 1238 Feature 1 porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1239 Feature 1 whiteware, edged 1 green impressed curved lines, scalloped edge 1240 Feature 1 nail, cut Feature 1 porcelain, semi 7 one piece with transfer green 1242 Feature 1 pearlware, transfer printed 11 blue- nine from same vessel, one with chinese house design 1243 Feature 1 ceramic, undetermined Feature 1 glass, window Feature 1 whiteware Feature 15B shoe 1 heel/sole 1247 Feature 15B glass, dish 1 salt/pepper shaker 1248 Feature 15B glass, bottle 1 brown 1249 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 1 mug/tea cup Project No R01 35/49

94 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1250 Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 1 black 1251 Feature 15B porcelain, semi 1 lid to toothpaste container, written on top "Atkinson's Celebrated Parisian Toothpaste", "A Unique preparation quiekly cleansing the teeth arresting decay & imparting a healty hue to the gums a lips and a delightful odor to the breath" also written in french 1252 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 tin jug with design along bottom and area on side similar to a strainer (part of a watering can?) 1253 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 6 one black, three blue, two brown 1254 Feature 15B porcelain, semi 5 two moulded with scalloped edge as well as guilded edge 1255 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 1 brown 1257 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B pearlware, transfer printed 2 green and pink 1260 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 4 rockinghamware 1262 Feature 15B ironstone 10 two with makers marks 1263 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1264 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 cream and basket weave, same as Cat# Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 same as Cat# Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B glass, bottle 80 three brown, five created, nine aqua, 63 clear 1273 Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 10 green 1275 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 4 two orange green and brown; one with gold stripe; one with green and yellow rubbing off 1276 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B porcelain 6 Project No R01 36/49

95 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1278 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B white clay pipe, elbow Feature 15B pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1282 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 15 seven pink and green; four brown; one green; three blue 1284 Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed 2 one with holes in it 1286 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B screw Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 rusted bottle cap 1294 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B glass, bottle created, 33 clear, 16 aqua 1297 Feature 15B glass, dish B Feature 15B ironstone, transter printed 8 black 1298 Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 glass, bottle 57 four clear, three green, five olive, two created, 43 brown 1302 Feature 15A faunal remains Feature 15A earthenware, red Feature 15A utensil 1 metal knife section 1305 Feature 15A toothbrush 2 head and handle 1306 Feature 15A nail, wrought Feature 15A metal, lock 1 metal lock hardware 1308 Feature 15A whiteware, transfer printed 2 one black, one blue 1309 Feature 15A metal, misc Feature 15A pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1311 Feature 15A mortar Feature 15A redware Feature 15A glass, dish 1 Project No R01 37/49

96 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1314 Feature 15A nail, cut Feature 15A whiteware, painted 1 blue 1316 Feature 15A whiteware Feature 15A porcelain Feature 15A white clay pipe, stem 1 unmarked 1319 Feature 15A glass, bottle 28 four aqua, five olive, 19 brown 1320 Feature 15A glass, window Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 9 green glazed, moulded 1322 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 2 one green, one blue/yellow; glazed and moulded 1323 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 7 glazed and moulded; two yellow, one pink, one blue and yellow, three green 1324 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 3 green; glazed and moulded 1325 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 2 one yellow and one green 1326 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 one pink and blue, seashell moulded 1327 Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B glass, dish 1 glass coaster 1329 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 34 some have wheat pattern 1330 Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 17 8 pink/green; 1 brown; 8 blue 1336 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 lid to salt/pepper/spice container 1341 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B porcelain, painted 5 3 orange/green, 2 green/pink rubbing off 1345 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1346 Feature 15B creamware Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 4 2 green, 2 yellow (moulded glazed) Project No R01 38/49

97 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1348 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, bottle created, 6 brown, 2 olive, 22 aqua, 93 clear 1351 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B porcelain, painted 4 3 orange/green, 1 green/gold 1353 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B cork Feature 15B shoe 1 heel 1356 Feature 15B recent material 3 hydro parts 1357 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 lamp hardware 1358 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 handle 1359 Feature 15B metal, lock Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B clock gears Feature 15B glass 1 face from cmetal, metal, metal, metal, lock? (cat# 1361) 1363 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 7 blue 1364 Feature 15B glass, dish 3 1 lid to dish, 2 unknown 1365 Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 2 brown, one spout from tea pot 1366 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 7 2 complete marker's marks 1367 Feature 15B glass, bottle 24 4 created (one blue with writing "Philips milk of magnesia", "GD U.S Pat office ", 2 brown, 1 olive, 8 aqua, 9 clear 1368 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware 2 1 metal ball, 1 metal rod with hoop at end 1369 Feature 15A metal, misc Feature 15A glass, window Feature 15A mortar Feature 15A nail, cut Feature 15A metal, wire Feature 15A faunal remains Feature 15A button 1 4 holes, bone 1376 Feature 15A whiteware Feature 15A pearlware Feature 15A pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1379 Feature 15A pearlware, painted 1 blue, pink, green 1380 Feature 15A pearlware, banded 1 blue, white, black 1381 Feature 15A ironstone 5 Project No R01 39/49

98 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1382 Feature 15A ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1386 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B porcelain, painted 6 2 pink/green; 1 green/gold/transfer flowers in pink/green; 3 orange/green 1388 Feature 15B white clay pipe, bowl 1 T.D.pipe, full bowl with chip 1389 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 7 4 brown, 2 blue, 1 pink/green 1390 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed brown, 7 blue, 9 black 1392 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue makers mark on bottom slightly pearly? **Take another look 1393 Feature 15B pearlware, transfer printed 2 blue 1394 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 3 pink, blue, grey 1395 Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 1 rockinghamware 1396 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 green 1397 Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B recent material Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B utensil 3 fork, knife, part of spoon 1404 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 3 tops to salt/pepper shakers 1405 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal, hinge Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 handle 1408 Feature 15B textile, misc. 1 leather strap with metal attatchments 1409 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, bottle 60 1 created; 3 olive; 1 brown; 38 clear; 17 aqua 1412 Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B metal, buckle Feature 15B scissors 1 Project No R01 40/49

99 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1416 Feature 15B utensil 1 part of a spoon 1417 Feature 15B metal tin 1 large round 1418 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded 15 9 wheat pattern 1419 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B ironstone 34 2 with partial markers marks 1426 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 1 green 1428 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 1 brown 1430 Feature 15B pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1431 Feature 15B mortar Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 2 cream basket weave with brown 1434 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 13 7 blue, 1 brown, 5 pink/green 1435 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 1 blue, pink sea shell look 1436 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 3 yellow, moulded/glazed 1437 Feature 15B pearlware Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B glass, bottle 52 7 created, 2 brown, 35 clear, 8 aqua 1441 Feature 15A metal, lock 1 metal, metal, metal, metal, lock hardware? 1442 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware Feature 15A metal, screw 1 screw with bolt and decorative piece 1444 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware 1 tin can? Oval shape 1445 Feature 15A faunal remains Feature 15A nail, cut Feature 15A glass, window Feature 15A whiteware, painted 2 1 blue, 1 red/green 1449 Feature 15A gun flint Feature 15A whiteware Feature 15A whiteware, transfer printed 4 blue 1452 Feature 15A pearlware 4 Project No R01 41/49

100 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1453 Feature 15A white clay pipe, stem 1 "Murray" "Glasgow" 1454 Feature 15A white clay pipe, bowl 1 plain fragment 1455 Feature 15A mortar Feature 15A ceramic, undetermined Feature 15A glass, bottle Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B glass 1 mirror glass 1461 Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B button 1 metal, 4 holes 1463 Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 8 1 blue, 5 black, 2 brown 1464 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 2 handle 1465 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 4 green, moulded/glazed whiteware?? 1467 Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B porcelain, semi 1 has makers mark (partial) 1469 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 1 orange/green 1470 Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed 2 green 1471 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 4 green/pink 1473 Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 4 rockinghamware 1478 Feature 15B earthenware, yellow Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B glass, bottle 83 1 olive, 1 brown, 8 created, 12 aqua, 61 clear 1484 Feature 15B brush 1 horse hair brush 1485 Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 3 rockinghamware 1486 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined recent 2 seashell pink/blue 1487 Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B glass, dish 5 Project No R01 42/49

101 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1490 Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B faunal remains Feature 15B pearlware, painted 1 orange/green/yellow 1493 Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 2 blue 1494 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed Feature 15B ironstone, flow transfer printed Feature 15B shoe 7 soles 1497 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 half of hollow metal ball 1498 Feature 15B metal tin Feature 15B glass, chimney lamp Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 metal flip lid to something 1503 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, bottle aqua, 11 created, 3 brown, 10 clear 1505 Feature 15B shell 1 conch, sliced open 1506 Feature 15B utensil 1 fork with handle 1507 Feature 15B glass, dish 1 red/clear "souvenir of Elyria, Ohio" 1508 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal, spike Feature 15B ironstone, flow transfer printed Feature 15B ironstone Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 1 brown 1514 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue 1516 Feature 15B porcelain, painted 2 1 orange, 1 blue rubbing off 1517 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B porcelain Feature 15B glass, dish 3 1 salt/pepper shaker 1520 Feature 15B recent material Feature 15B glass, bottle 18 2 created, 3 clear, 1 brown, 12 aqua 1522 Feature 7 glass, bottle 7 4 brown, 1 clear, 2 olive 1523 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 15A metal, misc Feature 15A metal, spike Feature 15A nail, cut 17 Project No R01 43/49

102 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1527 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware 1 looks like piece of file 1528 Feature 15A ironstone Feature 15A ceramic, undetermined Feature 15A whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue 1531 Feature 15A faunal remains Feature 15A glass, bottle 1 clear 1533 Feature 15A utensil 1 bone utensil handle 1534 Feature 15A mortar Feature 15A glass, window Feature 15B glass, bottle 134 brown 1537 Feature 15B glass, bottle olive, 8 clear, 1 aqua 1538 Feature 15B glass, white 1 small round, white machine made, makeup/cream container 1539 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 2 blue 1541 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B stoneware Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass 1 glass stopper 1545 Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware Feature 7 metal, buckle Feature 7 metal, wire Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 glass, bottle brown, 3 green, 25 clear, 36 olive, 10 aqua 1551 Feature 7 glass, bottle brown 1552 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive, 10 aqua, 3 green, 2 brown, 32 clear 1553 Feature 7 metal, wire Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 15B shoe sole sections, 2 leather upper parts 1557 Feature 15B bell 1 metal ball 1558 Feature 15B metal, wire Feature 15B recent material Feature 15B glass, dish Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B faunal remains 1 Project No R01 44/49

103 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1563 Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 change purse hardware 1565 Feature 15B ironstone 4 1 partial makers mark 1566 Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed Feature 15B porcelain, semi 3 1 guilded edge 1569 Feature 15B whiteware Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B metal, misc Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B metal tin 2 1 short square, 1 oval 1575 Feature 15B utensil 1 handle 1576 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 2 pot/pan handles 1578 Feature 15B glass, bottle 22 1 brown, 5 aqua, 16 clear 1579 Feature 15B ironstone 59 5 with partial makers marks 1580 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined 1 blue seashell 1581 Feature 15B whiteware, flow transfer printed 1 has hole in it 1582 Feature 15B ironstone, flow transfer printed Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined Feature 15B porcelain, transfer printed Feature 15B porcelain, painted 2 orange/green/yellow 1586 Feature 15B porcelain, semi Feature 15B porcelain, semi 1 has transfer print flowers/design 1588 Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 18 9 blue, 4 black, 5 brown 1589 Feature 15B ironstone, moulded Feature 15B earthenware, red Feature 15B stoneware Feature 15B glass, window Feature 15B recent material Feature 15B shoe Feature 15B glass, bottle 20 7 clear, 2 brown, 4 created, 7 aqua 1596 Feature 15B earthenware, yellow 2 rockinghamware 1597 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 2 handles of some sort 1599 Feature 4 ceramic, undetermined 1 Project No R01 45/49

104 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1600 Feature 4 pearlware, edged 1 blue impressed curved lines, scalloped edge 1601 Feature 12 ceramic, undetermined Feature 2 faunal remains Feature 2 nail, cut Feature 16 celt Feature 16 whiteware, sponged 1 blue 1606 Feature 16 earthenware, red Feature 16 nail, cut Feature 13 nail, cut Feature 5 ceramic, undetermined Feature 5 stoneware Feature 5 metal, misc Feature 5 nail, cut Feature 5 whiteware, transfer printed 5 blue 1614 Feature 5 whiteware, painted 6 pink, blue, green 1615 Feature 5 whiteware Feature 5 glass, bottle 1 clear 1617 Feature 5 pearlware, transfer printed 2 blue 1618 Feature 11 fragmentary sherd Feature 11 fragmentary neck sherd Feature 11 fragmentary neck sherd Feature 11 fragmentary sherd Feature 11 chipping detritus Feature 11 earthenware, red Feature 11 pearlware Feature 11 nail, cut Feature 11 faunal remains Feature 7 glass, bottle 87 brown 1628 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive, 5 aqua, 9 clear 1629 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 15A glass, bottle complete 1 small, clear, seam ends st base of neck, round 1632 Feature 15A glass, bottle 49 2 olive, 1 aqua, 1 brown, 25 clear 1633 Feature 15A button 1 metal, 2 holes 1634 Feature 15A ironstone Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware 2 screw with decorative piece 1636 Feature 15A metal, wire 18 Project No R01 46/49

105 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1637 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware 1 some sort of nail? 1638 Feature 15A whiteware Feature 15A whiteware, transfer printed 2 1 red, 1 blue 1640 Feature 15A whiteware, painted 2 1 green, 1 pink 1641 Feature 15A earthenware, red Feature 15A pearlware, edged 2 blue, fragmentary 1643 Feature 15A redware Feature 15A metal, lock Feature 15A metal, horse hardware 1 horse shoe piece 1646 Feature 15A pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1647 Feature 15A metal, misc. hardware Feature 15A nail, cut Feature 15A faunal remains Feature 15A toy 1 toy metal cannon 1651 Feature 15A glass, window Feature 15A white clay pipe, bowl 1 fragment 1653 Feature 7 glass, bottle 73 brown 1654 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive, 3 aqua, 13 clear 1655 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass 1 glass stopper 1657 Feature 7 whiteware, edged 1 green, impressed bud design, scalloped edge 1658 Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 glass, window Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 glass, bottle 17 2 green, 15 olive 1662 Feature 7 glass, bottle 21 brown 1663 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive, 2 green, 6 aqua, 27 clear 1664 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 93 brown 1666 Feature 7 glass Feature 7 glass, bottle 43 5 green, 16 olive, 9 aqua, 13 clear 1668 Feature 7 glass, bottle 99 brown 1669 Feature 7 glass, bottle 30 1 green, 29 olive 1670 Feature 7 glass, bottle Feature 7 glass, bottle clear, 10 aqua 1672 Feature 7 glass 1 glass stopper 1673 Feature 7 metal, misc Feature 7 earthenware, red 1 Project No R01 47/49

106 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1675 Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 glass, bottle olive, 9 aqua, 7 clear 1678 Feature 7 glass, bottle Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 28 brown 1681 Feature 7 glass, bottle 20 4 aqua, 4 clear, 12 olive 1682 Feature 7 nail, cut Feature 7 earthenware, red Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware 1 metal screw top lid with "Trade Mark W" and crown on it 1685 Feature 7 faunal remains Feature 7 pearlware, transfer printed 1 blue 1687 Feature 7 ceramic, undetermined Feature 7 whiteware, painted 1 black 1689 Feature 15B recent material 1 hydro insulator (ceramic) 1690 Feature 15B recent material 1 broken glass hydro insulator 1691 Feature 15B glass 1 glass stopper 1692 Feature 15B glass, bottle complete 1 small, square, clear, seam ends at mid neck: on bottom "WT&CO" and "E (backwards) A" 1693 Feature 15B ironstone, transfer printed 4 3 dark brown; 1 blue 1694 Feature 15B ironstone, painted 2 brown 1695 Feature 15B ironstone 2 1 with partial makers mark 1696 Feature 15B ironstone, flow transfer printed Feature 15B utensil 1 spoon 1698 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware 1 lid to salt/pepper shaker 1699 Feature 15B ceramic, undetermined 1 blue/pink seashell 1700 Feature 15B metal, misc. hardware Feature 15B glass, bottle 34 3 brown; 1 olive; 9 clear; 12 created; 10 aqua 1702 Feature 15B nail, cut Feature 7 glass, bottle 89 brown 1704 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive; 6 clear; 2 aqua 1705 Feature 7 glass, chimney lamp Feature 7 glass, bottle 119 brown 1707 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive; 3 aqua; 21 clear 1708 Feature 7 glass, bottle 125 brown 1709 Feature 7 glass, bottle olive; 7 aqua; 12 clear 1710 Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware 1 hinge with screws Project No R01 48/49

107 APPENDIX A ARTIFACT CATALOGUE Cat # Context Depth Artifact Class Freq. Comments 1711 Feature 7 metal, misc. hardware 1 metal pot 1712 Feature 1 celt feature 1 celt 1 Project No R01 49/49

108 STAGE 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT RIVERBEND SOUTH APPENDIX B Feature Plan View and Grid Profiles Report No R01

109 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 1/12

110 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 2/12

111 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 3/12

112 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 4/12

113 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 5/12

114 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 6/12

115 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 7/12

116 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 8/12

117 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 9/12

118 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 10/12

119 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 11/12

120 APPENDIX B FEATURE PLAN VIEWS AND GRID PROFILES Project No R01 12/12

121 Golder Associates Ltd. 309 Exeter Road, Unit #1 London, Ontario, N6L 1C1 Canada [+1] (519) [+1] (519) T: [+1] (519)