Chess Calendar. You Can Order CHESS From HISTORY BY CALENDAR

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1 Chess Calendar Moshe Rynecki ( ) "Chess Table" hystorybycalendar.com

2 J a n u a r y Morphy defeats Schulten New York 1857 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

3 Giuoco Piano Opening, the "quiet game." Oldest recorded opening, analyzed in 1512 book by Portuguese Pedro Damiano. Most popular in 1800's January 5 displays the classic Giuoco Piano. Paul Morphy ( ) "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" American considered the greatest chess master of his era. Johann Schulten ( ) German chess master, namesake of variation Schulten Defense to Evans Gambit.

4 F e b r u a r y Zukertort defeats Anderssen Berlin 1865 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

5 Johannes Zukertort ( ) Polish born chess master, lost to Wilhelm Steinitz in first World Chess Championship Adolf Anderssen ( ) German chess master, unofficial World Champion after 1851 London Tournament, lost this honor in 1858 to Paul Morphy at Paris. Opening is Ruy Lopez, the Spanish Game, named for the Spanish priest's 1561 book that analyzed it, move first appeared in the 1490 Gottingen manuscript. Popular for the vast variations, C60- C99. February 1 shows the three moves of Ruy Lopez.

6 M a r c h Blackburne defeats Gottschall Hamburg 1885 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

7 Joseph Blackburne ( ) "The Black Death" Manchester born, popular for blindfold & simultaneous exhibitions and heavy Scotch drinking. Won 1st place over Zukertort at 1881 Berlin, tied for 1st at 1914 British Championship at age 72. Hermann von Gottschall ( ) Posen born son of poet Robert Gottschall. Placed 2nd at 1888 Nuremberg, won at 1892 Halle, 3rd at 1918 Breslau. Opening: French Defense: Classic Variation, Tarrasch Variation. Named for 1834 matches of Paris vs. London, displayed March 1-8.

8 A p r i l Lasker defeats "Raadsheer" Lasker Simultaneous Exhibition, Netherlands 1908 Opening is Caro-Kann Defense: Two Knights Attack. The defense is named after the two chess masters who analyzed it in 1886 and it is believed to be the best defense against computer programs. This opening culminates on April 7. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

9 Emanuel Lasker ( ) German mathematician, philosopher, and chess master. Second official World Chess Champion, he held title for 27 years from 1894 to 1921, still a record. Raadsheer is defined in Dutch as a chess piece, it was also a pseudonym occasionally used by Dutch chess player B. J. Trotsenburg ( ) who played in Netherlands chess tournaments from

10 M a y Koltanowski defeats Denhaene Antwerp May 10, 1931 Simultaneous blind exhibition, Koltanowski vs a record setting 30 players from Antwerp, 20 won 10 drawn Philidor Defense: Hanham Variation, named for French chess master and composer Andre Danican Philidor ( ) and American chess master and Civil War veteran James Hanham ( ). Idea is for Black to challenge White with pawn thrust in effort to maintain a defensive center. May 17 displays the strategy. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

11 Georges Koltanowski ( ) Belgium champion 1923,1927,1930,1936. Won Antwerp 1932, Barcelona 1934, Best known for his exploits in simultaneous blindfold play. Denhaene was a member of the Antwerp Chess Club that participated in the record setting 1/30 simultaneous blind.

12 J u n e Kopilov defeats Rudniev Soviet Union 1939 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

13 English Opening: Anglo-Gruenfeld Defense, first move is 4th most used of 20 possible openings, the defense is named for Ernst Gruenfeld ( ) Austrian chess master and is illustrated on Tues before June 1. Nikolai Kopilov ( ) professor and Russian chess master, Leningrad champion 1954, awarded title of IMC in Nikolay Rudniev ( ) Ukrainian chess master, sent to Uzbekistan after Russian Revolution, wins Mannheim 1914, Middle Asia 1927, Uzbekistani 1938.

14 J U L Y Sajtar defeats Sliwa Warsaw 1947 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

15 Jaroslav Sajtar ( ) Czech awarded IM title 1950, Honorary GM title Bogdan Sliwa ( ) awarded IM title 1953, Honorary GM title Polish champion 6 times between Opening is Queen's Gambit Accepted: Mannheim Variation. Queen's Gambit is described in the 1471 Gottingen Manuscript and Lucena's 1497 Salamanca. White sacrifices wing pawn for center. Mannheim Variation is named for 1914 German tournament unfinished due to WWI. Execution is displayed on July 7.

16 A u g u s t Viktor Korchnoi defeats Boris Spassky Leningrad 1948 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

17 Viktor Kochnoi b. Leningrad 1931, GM title 1956, 4 time Soviet Champ, 2006 World Seniors Champ, oldest player to hold FIDE rank. Boris Spassky b. Leningrad 1937, Candidate Master rank age 11, 1955 Junior Champ, World Champ losing to Bobby Fischer. Sicilian Defense: Dragon, Levenfish Variation: Sicilian Defense found in Polerio's 1594 codex, best response to white's e4, popular for combative nature. Dragon named for constellation Draco shown Aug 9. Variation, shown Aug 11, is named for the GM who endorsed it in 1937.

18 S e p t e m b e r Bobby Fischer defeats J Mason Jones Detroit 1964 Fischer Simultaneous Exhibition Tour King's Gambit: Declined, Soller-Zilbermints Gambit. The King's Gambit was one of the most popular openings for 300 years. It has been rare in GM play since a 1960 Bobby Fischer article A Bust to the King's Gambit. In it he says " it loses by force." The King's Gambit is declined on Sept 9. The Soller-Zilbermints Gambit is named for Karl Soller and Lev Zilbermints and is shown being activated on Sept 13. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

19 J Mason Jones was a member of a Detroit Chess Club. He later participated in the International Chess Club. Bobby Fischer ( ) born in Chicago, US Champ at 14, at 15 the youngest GM in history, wins US Championship 8 times in 8 attempts. In 1972 Fischer became World Champion beating Spassky in "The Match of the Century" and achieved highest FIDE rating of all time. In 1975 Fischer refused to play Championship Match vs. Karpov and vanished from public. He resurfaced in 1992 to play Spassky in Yugoslavia violating UN sanctions. Eventually arrested in Japan 2004, he was granted Icelandic citizenship in 2005.

20 O c t o b e r Claude Frizzle Bloodgood defeats J Boothe Virginia Penitentiary 1972 The opening is Grob Attack: Fritz Gambit. Grob Attack is White beginning the game moving Knight's Pawn two squares. It is named after Swiss IM Henri Grob ( ) who analyzed and played 100's of correspondence games with what he referred to as the Spike Opening. Grob is considered inferior yet has surprise value that might lead to traps triggered by Black's move on Oct 4 and leading to the trap being sprung on Oct 13. Fritz Gambit, shown on Oct 9, is a tactical counter to Black on the defensive. It is named after German chess master Alexander Fritz ( ). Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

21 Claude Frizzle Bloodgood ( ) born in Mexico, author and editor of numerous chess articles. In 1958 he started the All Service Postal Chess Club. In 1970 he was sentenced to death for strangling his stepmother. While on death row he played over 2,000 postal games simultaneously. In 1972 his sentence was commuted to life in prison and he was eventually allowed to play chess tournaments out of prison until a brief 1974 escape. In 2000 he participated in the US Correspondence Championship. J Boothe was a fellow inmate.

22 N o v e m b e r Bill Wall defeats Larry Van Guilder Andersen Air Force Base, Guam 1974 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

23 Bill Wall b is a chess historian and author of 22 books. A retired Air Force Officer and former NASA engineer he served in Guam during 1974 and organized tournaments including the Andersen Air Base Open. Larry Van Guilder was a Crew Chief ranked in top 4 on base. Italian Game: Two Knight's Defense, Polerio Bishop Check Line. Italian Game is Giuoco Piano. Two Knight's Defense, shown Nov 4, Black aggressive to point of counter-attack. Nov 8 shows the Bishop Check Line recorded by Codexes of Polerio ( ).

24 D e c e m b e r Garry Kasparov defeats Mark Taimanov Moscow Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed. Thursday Friday Saturday

25 Garry Kasparov b. 1963, Soviet Junior Champ 1976, World Junior Champ 1980, GM title 1980, youngest World Champ 1985 beating Karpov, held title until 2000, retired in Mark Taimanov b 1926 Ukraine, concert pianist, Latvian Champ 1949, GM 1952, 5 time Leningrad Champ, 1956 USSR Champ, 1993,'94 World Senior Champ. Opening is King's Indian Attack. Based more on a system than specific moves, it is a closed opening capable of handling various defenses. Although rare in Master's play, Bobby Fischer was a proponent.