Plants of the Credit River Watershed. Prov Status. GTA Status COSEWIC

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1 aquatic forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant living or growing in water. water-shield Brasenia schreberi G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No water arum Calla palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes marsh water-starwort Callitriche palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes common coontail Ceratophyllum demersum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Canada waterweed Elodea canadensis G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes water star-grass Heteranthera dubia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Zosterella dubia mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes common duckweed Lemna minor G5 S5 No Yes Yes star duckweed Lemna trisulca G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes northern water-milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Myriophyllum exalbescens Eurasian water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes whorled water-milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes slender naiad Najas flexilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes small-leaved water cress Nasturtium microphyllum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow water-lily Nuphar variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes white water-lily Nymphaea odorata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Nymphaea tuberosa water smartweed Polygonum amphibium G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Polygonum coccineum, Polygonum natans large-leaved pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No narrow-leaved pondweed Potamogeton berchtoldii G? S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimus curly-leaved pondweed Potamogeton crispus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes ribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record leafy pondweed Potamogeton foliosus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes variable-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Hill's pondweed Potamogeton hillii G3 S2 vulnerable rare rare rare No Yes Yes Illinois pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes floating pondweed Potamogeton natans G5 S5 No Yes Yes knotty pondweed Potamogeton nodosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes white-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton praelongus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No small pondweed Potamogeton pusillus var. pusillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record Richardson's pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes spiral pondweed Potamogeton spirillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record flat-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes white water crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus G5T S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus longirostris arrowhead Sagittaria cuneata G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No grass-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria graminea var. graminea G5T5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes broad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes sessile-fruited arrowhead Sagittaria rigida G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza G5 S5 No Yes Yes flat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No small bladderwort Utricularia minor G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No common bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes watermeal Wolffia arrhiza G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia columbiana common watermeal Wolffia borealis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia punctata Credit Valley Conservation Page 1

2 horned pondweed Zannichellia palustris G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes ferns A plant with leaf-like fronds that reproduces using spores. maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Alternative name author - (L.) Oakes ex D.Eaton walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Camptosorus rhizophyllus hart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum G5T3 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Phyllitis scolopendrium maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes G4G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes green spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Asplenium viride lady fern Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium angustum cut-leaved grape fern Botrychium dissectum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum, narrow-leaved moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum G5T4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Historic record daisy-leaf grape fern Botrychium matricariifolium G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes leathery grape fern Botrychium multifidum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes least moonwort Botrychium simplex G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yes slender cliff-brake Cryptogramma stelleri G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes bulblet fern Cystopteris bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes Mackay's fragile fern Cystopteris tenuis G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes silvery glade fern Deparia acrostichoides G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium thelypterioides glade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium pycnocarpon spinulose woodfern Dryopteris carthusiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Drypoteris spinulosa Clinton's woodfern Dryopteris clintoniana G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes crested woodfern Dryopteris cristata G5 S5 No Yes Yes male fern Dryopteris filix-mas G5 S4 rare rare No No Yes Goldie's fern Dryopteris goldiana G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes evergreen woodfern Dryopteris intermedia G5 S5 No Yes Yes marginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis G5 S5 No Yes Yes hybrid woodfern Dryopteris x boottii HYB S2 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris cristata x Dryopteris intermedia triploid woodfern Dryopteris x triploidea HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris intermedia hybrid woodfern Dryopteris x uliginosa HYB S2? No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris cristata oak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yes water-clover Marsilea quadrifolia G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yes sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis G5 S5 No Yes Yes northern adder's-tongue Ophioglossum pusillum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ophioglossum vulgatum of ON reports cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea G5 S5 No Yes Yes interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes royal fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yes smooth cliff-brake Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes northern beech fern Phegopteris connectilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Thelypteris phegopteris rock polypody Polypodium virginianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Polypodium vulgare var. virginianum Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes Bracken Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum G5 S5 No Yes Yes New York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 2

3 marsh fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Virginia chain-fern Woodwardia virginica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes fern allies A plant that reproduces using spores that do not have fronds, including clubmosses and horsetails. crowfoot clubmoss Diphasiastrum digitatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Lycopodium digitatum, Lycopodium flabelliforme field horsetail Equisetum arvense G5 S5 No Yes Yes water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes common scouring-rush Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes smooth scouring-rush Equisetum laevigatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes meadow horsetail Equisetum pratense G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes woodland horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes variegated scouring-rush Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes shining clubmoss Huperzia lucidula G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopodium lucidulum stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes running clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes round-branched clubmoss Lycopodium dendroideum G5 S5 No Yes Yes ground-pine Lycopodium obscurum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes meadow spikemoss Selaginella eclipes G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Selaginella apus, Selaginella apoda / Historic record forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant or herb. velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrasti G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes three-seeded mercury Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Acalypha rhomboidea common yarrow Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium G5T? SE? Yes Yes Yes sweet flag Acorus americanus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Acorus calamus of PCF doll's-eyes Actaea pachypoda G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Actaea alba baneberry Actaea rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes hybrid baneberry Actaea x ludovici HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Actaea pachypoda x Actaea rubra goutweed Aegopodium podagraria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes common agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala G5 S5 No Yes Yes corn-cockle Agrostemma githago G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record creeping bugleweed Ajuga reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes hollyhock Alcea rosea GU SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Althaea rosea common water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Alisma parviflorum, Alisma subcordatum, Alisma triviale garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata G5 SE5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Alliaria officinalis chives Allium schoenoprasum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes wild leek Allium tricoccum G5 S5 No Yes Yes yellow alyssum Alyssum alyssoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Amaranthus graecizans of ON reports smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus G? SE5? Yes Yes No Historic record green pigweed Amaranthus powellii G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 3

4 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida G5 S5 No Yes Yes hog-peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata G5 S5 No Yes Yes scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea G5 S5 No Yes Yes small bugloss Anchusa arvensis G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopsis arvensis / Historic record fairy-bells Androsace septentrionalis G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No sharp-lobed hepatica Anemone acutiloba G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica acutiloba round-lobed hepatica Anemone americana G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica americana Canada anemone Anemone canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica G5 S4 rare No Yes No cut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida var. multifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No wood anemone Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Virginia thimbleweed Anemone virginiana var. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Anemone riparia purple-stemmed angelica Angelica atropurpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta G5 S5 No Yes Yes plantain-leaved pussytoes Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Antennaria plantaginifolia corn chamomille Anthemis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes stinking mayweed Anthemis cotula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow chamomille Anthemis tinctoria G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes ground-nut Apios americana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium ssp. androsaemifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes indian-hemp Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Apocynum sibiricum wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes European columbine Aquilegia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes mouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes alpine rockcress Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica G5T? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis caucasica sicklepod Arabis canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record tower mustard Arabis glabra G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes hairy rockcress Arabis hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis pycnocarpa smooth rockcress Arabis laevigata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yes spikenard Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record great burdock Arctium lappa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes common burdock Arctium minus ssp. minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes thyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes dragon's-mouth Arethusa bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Arisaema atrorubens horseradish Armoracia rusticana G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Armoracia lapathifolia / Historic record southern wormwood Artemisia abrotanum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record absinth Artemisia absinthium G? SE3? Yes Yes No Historic record Credit Valley Conservation Page 4

5 sweet wormwood Artemisia annua G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes tall wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Artemisia caudata western mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana G5 S4? Yes Yes Yes Roman wormweed Artemisia pontica G? SE2? Yes Yes No common mugwort Artemisia vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes goat's-beard Aruncus dioicus G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes wild ginger Asarum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes poke milkweed Asclepias exaltata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata G5 S5 No Yes Yes common milkweed Asclepias syriaca G5 S5 No Yes Yes butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record asparagus Asparagus officinalis G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bog aster Aster borealis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes rayless aster Aster brachyactis G5 S3? Yes Yes Yes heart-leaved aster Aster cordifolius G5 S5 No Yes Yes heath aster Aster ericoides ssp. ericoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus ericoides panicled aster Aster lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster simplex calico aster Aster lateriflorus var. lateriflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yes large-leaved aster Aster macrophyllus G5 S5 No Yes Yes New England aster Aster novae-angliae G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus novae-angliae azure aster Aster oolentangiensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster azureus white heath aster Aster pilosus var. pilosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes purple-stemmed aster Aster puniceus var. puniceus G5 S5 No Yes Yes flat-topped aster Aster umbellatus var. umbellatus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes arrow-leaved aster Aster urophyllus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster sagittifolius amethyst aster Aster x amethystinus HYB SE? No Yes Yes = Aster ericoides x Aster novae-angliae / Synonym: Virgulus x amethystinus Canada milkvetch Astragalus canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Cooper's milkvetch Astragalus neglectus G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Astragalus cooperi spearscale Atriplex patula G5 S5 No Yes Yes spear-leaved spearscale Atriplex prostrata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Atriplex hastata, Atriplex patula var. hastata yellow false foxglove Aureolaria flava G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes costmary Balsamita major G5 SE5 Yes Yes No Synonym: Chrysanthemum balsamita / Historic record blue wild indigo Baptisia australis G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes common winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes English daisy Bellis perennis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes hoary alyssum Berteroa incana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes nodding beggar-ticks Bidens cernua G5 S5 No Yes Yes small beggar-ticks Bidens discoidea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes devil's beggar-ticks Bidens frondosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes three-parted beggar-ticks Bidens tripartita G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Bidens connata tall beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 5

6 false nettle Boehmeria cylindrica G5 S5 No Yes Yes indian mustard Brassica juncea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes black mustard Brassica nigra G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes wild turnip Brassica rapa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes flowering-rush Butomus umbellatus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes sea rocket Cakile edentula G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes catnip-thyme Calamintha nepeta NR NR Yes Yes Yes grass pink Calopogon tuberosus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record marsh-marigold Caltha palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yes hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium ssp. americanum G4G5 SU No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus sepium low bindweed Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea G4G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus spithamaeus small-seeded false flax Camelina microcarpa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes marsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Campanula uliginosa creeping bellflower Campanula rapunculoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes harebell Campanula rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes nettle-leaved bellflower Campanula trachelium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes hemp Cannabis sativa G5 S1 Yes Yes Yes shepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bulbous cress Cardamine bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record cut-leaved toothwort Cardamine concatenata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria laciniata common toothwort Cardamine diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria diphylla purple cress Cardamine douglassii G5 S4 No Yes Yes hairy cardamine Cardamine hirsuta G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes cardamine Cardamine impatiens G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Pensylvania cardamine Cardamine pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yes cuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis ssp. pratensis G5T? SE1 rare rare Yes Yes Yes hybrid toothwort Cardamine x maxima HYB S2S3 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria maxima plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes welted thistle Carduus crispus G? SE? Yes Yes Yes nodding thistle Carduus nutans ssp. nutans G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes sedge Carex albursina G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes common caraway Carum carvi G? SE1? Yes Yes Yes giant blue cohosh Caulophyllum giganteum G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides G? S5 No Yes Yes cornflower Centaurea cyanus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes black knapweed Centaurea nigra G? SE? Yes Yes Yes scabious knapweed Centaurea scabiosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record branched centaury Centaurium pulchellum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes field chickweed Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense G5T? SE4 Yes Yes Yes mouse-eared chickweed Cerastium fontanum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Cerastium vulgatum dwarf chickweed Cerastium pumilum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes small chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes snow-in-summer Cerastium tomentosum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes dwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 6

7 ridge-seeded spurge Chamaesyce glyptosperma G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia glyptosperma spotted spurge Chamaesyce maculata G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia maculata nodding spurge Chamaesyce nutans G? S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia nutans hairy spurge Chamaesyce vermiculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia vermiculata celandine Chelidonium majus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes turtlehead Chelone glabra G5 S5 No Yes Yes lamb's-quarters Chenopodium album var. album G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes good King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record oak goosefoot Chenopodium botrys G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record strawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes oak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum ssp. glaucum G5T? SE5 Yes Yes Yes many-seeded goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes maple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Chenopodium hybridum ox-eye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Leucanthemum vulgare golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes chicory Cichorium intybus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bulblet water-hemlock Cicuta bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes spotted water-hemlock Cicuta maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes small enchanter's nightshade Circaea alpina G5 S5 No Yes Yes enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Circaea quadrisulcata Canada thistle Cirsium arvense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes swamp thistle Cirsium muticum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes bull thistle Cirsium vulgare G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Carolina spring beauty Claytonia caroliniana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Virginia spring beauty Claytonia virginica G5 S5 No Yes Yes wild basil Clinopodium vulgare G? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Satureja vulgaris bluebead lily Clintonia borealis G5 S5 No Yes Yes horsebalm Collinsonia canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes bastard toad-flax Comandra umbellata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Comandra richardsiana Asiatic day-flower Commelina communis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes poison hemlock Conium maculatum G5 SE2? Yes Yes Yes squawroot Conopholis americana G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes hare's-ear mustard Conringia orientalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record rocket larkspur Consolida ajacis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Consolida ambigua / Historic record lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes horseweed Conyza canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron canadensis goldthread Coptis trifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Coptis groenlandica spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes striped coralroot Corallorhiza striata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record early coralroot Corallorhiza trifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes large-flowered tickseed Coreopsis grandiflora G5 SE3? Yes Yes Yes crown vetch Coronilla varia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes golden corydalis Corydalis aurea ssp. aurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record narrow-leaved hawk's-beard Crepis tectorum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 7

8 honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes clover dodder Cuscuta epithymum G? SEH Yes Yes No Historic record common dodder Cuscuta gronovii G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes winged pigweed Cycloloma atriplicifolium G5 S4 No Yes Yes Kenilworth-ivy Cymbalaria muralis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes swallow-wort Cynanchum rossicum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Vincetoxicum rossicum wild comfrey Cynoglossum boreale G4Q S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record hound's-tongue Cynoglossum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes moccasin flower Cypripedium acaule G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes yellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens G5T? S5 rare No Yes Yes yellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum G5T? S5 rare No Yes No showy lady's-slipper Cypripedium reginae G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes dewdrop Dalibarda repens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes jimsonweed Datura stramonium GU SE5 Yes Yes Yes wild carrot Daucus carota G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes flixweed Descurainia sophia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Canadian tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes pointed-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes naked-flowered tick-trefoil Desmodium nudiflorum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Deptford pink Dianthus armeria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bearded pink Dianthus barbatus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes maiden pink Dianthus deltoides G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes cottage pink Dianthus plumarius G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes squirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Dutchman's-breeches Dicentra cucullaria G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes slender wall-rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes teasel Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Dipsacus sylvestris spatulate-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes wild cucumber Echinocystis lobata G5 S5 No Yes Yes globe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes viper's bugloss Echium vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes beech-drops Epifagus virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes fireweed Epilobium angustifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes sticky willowherb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Epilobium glandulosum, Epilobium watsonii purple-leaved willowherb Epilobium coloratum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes hairy willowherb Epilobium hirsutum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes narrow-leaved willowherb Epilobium leptophyllum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes small-flowered willowherb Epilobium parviflorum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes helleborine Epipactis helleborine G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes American fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes harbinger-of-spring Erigenia bulbosa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. philadelphicus G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Robin's plantain Erigeron pulchellus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 8

9 rough fleabane Erigeron strigosus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron annuus ssp. strigosus stork's-bill Erodium cicutarium ssp. cicutarium G4G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes spring whitlow-grass Erophila verna G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Draba verna dog mustard Erucastrum gallicum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes flat-topped eryngo Eryngium planum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes wormseed mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides ssp. cheiranthoides NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes tall wormseed mustard Erysimum hieraciifolium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes small-flowered prairie rocket Erysimum inconspicuum G4G5 S4 Yes Yes Yes white trout-lily Erythronium albidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes yellow trout-lily Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum G5 S5 No Yes Yes spotted joe-pye weed Eupatorium maculatum ssp. maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes white snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum G5 S5 No Yes Yes cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes toothed spurge Euphorbia dentata G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes thyme-leaved spurge Euphorbia epithymoides G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes leafy spurge Euphorbia esula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes sun spurge Euphorbia helioscopia G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes snow-on-the-mountain spurge Euphorbia marginata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes broad-leaved spurge Euphorbia platyphyllos G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes grass-leaved goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solidago graminifolia buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Fagopyrum sagittatum queen-of-the-prairie Filipendula rubra G4G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes queen-of-the-meadow Filipendula ulmaria ssp. ulmaria G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca ssp. americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes common strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 SU No Yes Yes common fumitory Fumaria officinalis G5 SE3 No Yes No Historic record snowdrop Galanthus nivalis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes showy orchis Galearis spectabilis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Orchis spectabilis / Historic record common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes small-flowered galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora G? SE? Yes Yes Yes hairy galinsoga Galinsoga quadriradiata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Galinsoga ciliata cleavers Galium aparine G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes rough bedstraw Galium asprellum G5 S5 No Yes Yes northern bedstraw Galium boreale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes wild licorice Galium circaezans G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Labrador bedstraw Galium labradoricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes lance-leaved wild licorice Galium lanceolatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes white bedstraw Galium mollugo Yes Yes No obtuse bedstraw Galium obtusum G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes marsh bedstraw Galium palustre G5 S5 No Yes Yes lesser bedstraw Galium tinctorium G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes small bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Galium brandegei sweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum G5 S5 No Yes Yes yellow bedstraw Galium verum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 9

10 purple-stemmed gentian Gentiana rubricaulis G4? S4 rare rare No Yes Yes fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita NR S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Gentiana crinita, Gentianella crinita spotted crane's-bill Geranium maculatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes herb-robert Geranium robertianum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow avens Geum aleppicum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Geum strictum white avens Geum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes rough avens Geum laciniatum G5 S4 No Yes Yes water avens Geum rivale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes wood avens Geum urbanum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea G? SE5 No Yes Yes fragrant cudweed Gnaphalium obtusifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes low cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes viscid cudweed Gnaphalium viscosum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Gnaphalium macounii downy rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera pubescens G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No dwarf rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera repens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record clammy hedge-hyssop Gratiola neglecta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record gumweed Grindelia squarrosa G5 SE? Yes Yes Yes baby's-breath Gypsophila paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes spurred stickseed Hackelia deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hackelia americana Virginia stickseed Hackelia virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes spurred gentian Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes rough pennyroyal Hedeoma hispidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes bluets Hedyotis caerulea G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Houstonia caerula / Historic record Venus'-pride Hedyotis longifolia G4G5 S4? rare rare No Yes No Synonyms: Hedyotis ciliolata, Houstonia canadensis, Houstonia longifolia Bicknell's frostweed Helianthemum bicknellii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Canada frostweed Helianthemum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes common sunflower Helianthus annuus ssp. annuus G5 SE? Yes Yes Yes thin-leaved sunflower Helianthus decapetalus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes rough woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes tall wild sunflower Helianthus giganteus G5 S5 No Yes No Historic record prairie sunflower Helianthus rigidus ssp. subrhomboideus G5 S? Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Helianthus laetiflorus of PCF, H. pauciflorus pale-leaved sunflower Helianthus strumosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Jeruselam artichoke Helianthus tuberosus G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes orange day-lily Hemerocallis fulva G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow day-lily Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Heracleum maximum dame's rocket Hesperis matronalis G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes flower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes field hawkweed Hieracium caespitosum ssp. caespitosum NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium pratense Canada hawkweed Hieracium canadense G5 SU rare rare No Yes No Historic record common hawkweed Hieracium lachenalii G? SE2? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium vulgatum Credit Valley Conservation Page 10

11 mouse-ear hawkweed Hieracium pilosella G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes glaucous king devil Hieracium piloselloides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium florentinum tall king devil Hieracium praealtum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record rough hawkweed Hieracium scabrum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record king devil hawkweed Hieracium x floribundum HYB SE? Yes Yes Yes = Hieracium caespitosum x Hieracium lactucella jagged chickweed Holosteum umbellatum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes green violet Hybanthus concolor G5 S2 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Cubelium concolor marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle americana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Canada waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Virginia waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yes large St. John's-wort Hypericum majus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes common St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes spotted St. John's-wort Hypericum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes hyssop Hyssopus officinalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record spotted jewelweed Impatiens capensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Impatiens biflora Asian jewelweed Impatiens glandulifera G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes pale jewelweed Impatiens pallida G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes English inula Inula britannica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes elecampane Inula helenium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes fleur-de-lis Iris germanica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes yellow flag Iris pseudacorus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes blue flag Iris versicolor G5 S5 No Yes Yes twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes canker-root Kickxia elatine G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes summer cypress Kochia scoparia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes tall blue lettuce Lactuca biennis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Canada lettuce Lactuca canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes willow-leaved lettuce Lactuca saligna G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lactuca scariola henbit Lamium amplexicaule G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes wood nettle Laportea canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes bluebur Lappula squarrosa ssp. squarrosa NR S5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lappula echinata nipplewort Lapsana communis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes everlasting pea Lathyrus latifolius G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes marsh vetchling Lathyrus palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes yellow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes tuberous vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes pinweed Lechea intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes rough hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides NR SE1 Yes Yes Yes motherwort Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes field cress Lepidium campestre G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes common pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum G? SE5 No Yes Yes Native status is uncertain narrow-leaved pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes garden cress Lepidium sativum G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record poor-man's pepper-grass Lepidium virginicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record Credit Valley Conservation Page 11

12 round-headed bush-clover Lespedeza capitata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes hairy bush-clover Lespedeza hirta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes wand-like bush-clover Lespedeza intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record lovage Levisticum officinale G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes tiger lily Lilium lancifolium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lilium tigrinum Canada lily Lilium michiganense G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Lilium canadense ssp. michiganense, Lilium canadense var. umbelliferum Dalmatian toadflax Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica G5T3 SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Linaria dalmatica butter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes false pimpernel Lindernia dubia var. dubia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes perennial flax Linum perenne G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes common flax Linum usitatissimum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Loesel's twayblade Liparis loeselii G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes heart-leaved twayblade Listera cordata G5 S5? rare rare No No Yes common gromwell Lithospermum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes indian-tobacco Lobelia inflata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Kalm's lobelia Lobelia kalmii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes great lobelia Lobelia siphilitica G5 S5 No Yes Yes bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes marsh purslane Ludwigia palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes honesty Lunaria annua G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes wild lupine Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes rose campion Lychnis coronaria G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes matrimony vine Lycium barbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycium halimifolium tomato Lycopersicon esculentum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes American water-horehound Lycopus americanus G5 S5 No Yes Yes European water-horehound Lycopus europaeus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes northern water-horehound Lycopus uniflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yes fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Steironema ciliatum moneywort Lysimachia nummularia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes spotted loosestrife Lysimachia punctata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes whorled loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes swamp-candles Lysimachia terrestris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes tufted loosestrife Lysimachia thrysiflora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes garden loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes osage-orange Maclura pomifera GU SE2 Yes Yes Yes Canada mayflower Maianthemum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yes false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina racemosa starry false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina stellata three-leaved false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum trifolium G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina trifolia white adder's-mouth Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda G4T4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Malaxis brachypoda European mallow Malva alcea G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes musk mallow Malva moschata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 12

13 common mallow Malva neglecta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva rotundifolia (misapplied) round-leaved mallow Malva rotundifolia G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva pusilla high mallow Malva sylvestris G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record whorled mallow Malva verticillata G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record common horehound Marrubium vulgare G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record pineapple-weed Matricaria matricarioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens, Matricaria suaveolens of PCF scentless chamomille Matricaria perforata G? SE? Yes Yes Yes false chamomille Matricaria recutita G? SE? Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens of PCF, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria suaveolens indian cucumber-root Medeola virginiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes black medick Medicago lupulina G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. falcata G? Yes Yes Yes alfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes cow-wheat Melampyrum lineare G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes white sweet clover Melilotus alba G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes field mint Mentha arvensis NR S5 No Yes Yes spearmint Mentha spicata G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes red mint Mentha x gentilis HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes = Mentha arvensis x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x cardiaca peppermint Mentha x piperita HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes = Mentha aquatica x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x citrata buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes yellow monkey-flower Mimulus ringens G5 S5 No Yes Yes hairy four-o'clock Mirabilis hirsuta G5 SE1 Yes Yes No wild four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea G5 S4 Yes Yes Yes bishop's-cap Mitella diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes naked mitrewort Mitella nuda G5 S5 No Yes Yes carpetweed Mollugo verticillata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Oswego-tea Monarda didyma G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes one-flowered pyrola Moneses uniflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes pinesap Monotropa hypopithys G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hypopithys monotropa indian-pipe Monotropa uniflora G5 S5 No Yes Yes grape hyacinth Muscari botryoides G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes small forget-me-not Myosotis laxa G5 S5 No Yes Yes garden forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes upright forget-me-not Myosotis stricta G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes woodland forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes catnip Nepeta cataria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow ball mustard Neslia paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record apple-of-peru Nicandra physalodes G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes long-flowered tobacco Nicotiana longiflora G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record Credit Valley Conservation Page 13

14 yellow evening-primrose Oenothera biennis G5 S5 No Yes Yes evening-primrose Oenothera clelandii G3G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yes yellow evening-primrose Oenothera parviflora G? S5? No Yes Yes sundrops Oenothera perennis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Historic record Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes hairy false gromwell Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissumum G4? S2 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Onosmodium hispidissimum / Historic record summer snowflake Ornithogalum umbellatum G2? SE3 Yes Yes Yes one-flowered cancer-root Orobanche uniflora G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes one-sided pyrola Orthilia secunda G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola secunda sweet cicely Osmorhiza claytonii G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Osmorhiza brevistylis anise-root Osmorhiza longistylis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella ssp. montana G5T? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis montana creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes yellow wood sorrel Oxalis dillenii G5 S5? No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis stricta (misapplied) European wood sorrel Oxalis stricta G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Oxalis europaea, Oxalis fontana ginseng Panax quinquefolius G4 S3 endangered rare rare rare No Yes Yes dwarf ginseng Panax trifolius G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes long-headed poppy Papaver dubium G? SE1 Yes Yes No common poppy Papaver somniferum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes pellitory Parietaria pensylvanica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes large grass-of-parnassus Parnassia glauca G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes small grass-of-parnassus Parnassia parviflora G4 S4? rare rare No Yes No parsnip Pastinaca sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Canada lousewort Pedicularis canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes foxglove beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes hairy beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes ditch stonecrop Penthorum sedoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes grape-leaved sweet-colt's-foot Petasites frigidus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Petasites palmatus wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes garden phlox Phlox paniculata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes moss phlox Phlox subulata ssp. subulata G5T5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes lopseed Phryma leptostachya G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes Chinese lantern Physalis alkekengi G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes clammy ground-cherry Physalis heterophylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis lanceolata smooth ground-cherry Physalis subglabrata G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis virginiana var. subglabrata Virginia ground-cherry Physalis virginiana G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis longifolia Virginia false dragonhead Physostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 S4 rare Yes Yes Yes Although native elsewhere in the province, all Peel occurrences appear to be introductions. pokeweed Phytolacca americana G5 S4 rare rare Yes Yes No Historic record / Although native elsewhere in the province, the Peel occurrence is introduced. spring clearweed Pilea fontana G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes dwarf clearweed Pilea pumila G5 S5 No Yes Yes sand plantain Plantago arenaria G?Q S4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Plantago psyllium Credit Valley Conservation Page 14

15 narrow-leaved plantain Plantago lanceolata G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes common plantain Plantago major G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes hoary plantain Plantago media G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yes Rugel's plantain Plantago rugelii G5 S5 No Yes Yes club-spur orchid Platanthera clavellata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria clavellata / Historic record tall white bog orchid Platanthera dilatata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria dilatata / Historic record tubercled orchid Platanthera flava var. herbiola G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria flava / Historical record northern green orchid Platanthera hyperborea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria hyperborea ragged fringed orchid Platanthera lacera G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria lacera / Historic record small northern bog orchid Platanthera obtusata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria obtusata purple fringed orchid Platanthera psycodes G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria psycodes may-apple Podophyllum peltatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes rose pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra G5Q S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record fringed polygala Polygala paucifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes purple milkwort Polygala sanguinea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Seneca snakeroot Polygala senega G4G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes whorled milkwort Polygala verticillata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes hairy Solomon's-seal Polygonatum pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes striate knotweed Polygonum achoreum G5 S5 No Yes Yes knotweed Polygonum arenastrum G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes creeping knotweed Polygonum aviculare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Polygonum monspeliensis fringed bindweed Polygonum cilinode G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes black bindweed Polygonum convolvulus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Bilderdykia convolvulus Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Reynoutria japonica Douglas' knotweed Polygonum douglasii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes water-pepper Polygonum hydropiper G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes mild water-pepper Polygonum hydropiperoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No pale smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yes prince's feather Polygonum orientale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes pink knotweed Polygonum pensylvanicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes lady's-thumb Polygonum persicaria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes dotted smartweed Polygonum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes arrow-leaved tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes climbling false buckwheat Polygonum scandens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes jumpseed Polygonum virginianum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Tovara virginiana garden purslane Portulaca oleracea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes silverweed Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina NR S5 rare No Yes Yes silvery cinquefoil Potentilla argentea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes hybrid cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes =? Potentilla argentea x Potentilla recta / Synonyms: Potentilla canescens, Potentilla x intermedia of ON reports rough cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica G5T? SEU Yes Yes Yes marsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes bushy cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 15

16 rough-fruited cinquefoil Potentilla recta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Canada cinquefoil Potentilla simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yes white-lettuce Prenanthes alba G5 S5 No Yes Yes tall white-lettuce Prenanthes altissima G5? S5 No Yes Yes American heal-all Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolatus G5T? S5 No Yes Yes lungwort Pulmonaria officinalis NR SE1 Yes Yes Yes pink pyrola Pyrola asarifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes green pyrola Pyrola chlorantha G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola virens / Historic record shinleaf Pyrola elliptica G5 S5 No Yes Yes kidney-leaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus G5 S5 No Yes Yes tall buttercup Ranunculus acris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes yellow water buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes swamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus septentrionalis swamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus G5T5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes bristly crowfoot Ranunculus pensylvanicus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes hooked buttercup Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes creeping spearwort Ranunculus repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes cursed crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus G5 S5 No Yes Yes prairie coneflower Ratibida columnifera G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Rheum rhaponticum clammy locust Robinia viscosa G3 SE2 Yes Yes Yes marsh yellow cress Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Rorippa islandica of NA reports creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes black-eyed susan Rudbeckia hirta G5 S5 No Yes Yes cut-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata G5 S5 No Yes Yes thin-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia triloba G4 SE4 Yes Yes Yes sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella G5 SEU Yes Yes Yes curled dock Rumex crispus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes yard dock Rumex longifolius G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record bitter dock Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes great water dock Rumex orbiculatus G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yes willow-leaved dock Rumex triangulivalvis G5 S4 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Rumex mexicanus, Rumex salicifolius creeping pearlwort Sagina procumbens G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes Russian thistle Salsola kali G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Salsola pestifer, Salsola ruthenica, Salsola tragus wood sage Salvia nemorosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes black snakeroot Sanicula marilandica G5 S5 No Yes Yes clustered snakeroot Sanicula odorata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Sanicula gregaria / Historic record bouncing-bet Saponaria officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes summer thyme Satureja hortensis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes scheuchzeria Scheuchzeria palustris G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record Credit Valley Conservation Page 16

17 squill Scilla siberica G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes annual knawel Scleranthus annuus G? SE5 Yes Yes No Historic record lance-leaved figwort Scrophularia lanceolata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes carpenter's-square Scrophularia marilandica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes hooded skullcap Scutellaria galericulata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scutellaria epilobiifolia mad-dog skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora G5 S5 No Yes Yes small skullcap Scutellaria parvula ssp. parvula G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record mossy stonecrop Sedum acre G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes white stonecrop Sedum album G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Spanish stonecrop Sedum hispanicum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes false stonecrop Sedum spurium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes live-forever Sedum telephium ssp. fabaria G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Sedum purpureum golden ragwort Senecio aureus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes sticky groundsel Senecio viscosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes common groundsel Senecio vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes sleepy catchfly Silene antirrhina G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes forking catchfly Silene dichotoma G? SE1 Yes Yes No white campion Silene latifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Lychnis alba, Silene alba, Silene pratensis night-flowering catchfly Silene noctiflora G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes bladder campion Silene vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Silene cucubalus milk thistle Silybum marianum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record white mustard Sinapis alba G? SE2 Yes Yes No Synonyms: Brassica alba, Brassica hirta / Historic record charlock Sinapis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Brassica kaber tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes little blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Sisyrinchium bermudianum water-parsnip Sium suave G5 S5 No Yes Yes carrion-flower Smilax herbacea G5 S4 No Yes Yes black nightshade Solanum nigrum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes American black nightshade Solanum ptycanthum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solanum americanum buffalo-bur Solanum rostratum G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yes tall goldenrod Solidago altissima var. altissima NR S5 No Yes Yes silver-rod Solidago bicolor G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes blue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago caesia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes zig-zag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yes giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea G5 S5 No Yes Yes hairy goldenrod Solidago hispida var. hispida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes early goldenrod Solidago juncea G5 S5 No Yes Yes gray goldenrod Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis G5 S5 No Yes Yes rough-leaved goldenrod Solidago patula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes rough goldenrod Solidago rugosa ssp. rugosa G5 S5 No Yes Yes stout goldenrod Solidago squarrosa G4? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Credit Valley Conservation Page 17