Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Israel. Prof. Reuven Yosef International Birding & Research Centre in Eilat, Israel Photographs: Eyal Bartov

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1 Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Israel Prof. Reuven Yosef International Birding & Research Centre in Eilat, Israel Photographs: Eyal Bartov

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3 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) + Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

4 Map of Pearson correlation scores for correlation over 22 years ( ) between vegetation index in corresponding area in Africa and average arrival date of Chiffchaff in Eilat.

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7 Frumkin, R., B. Pinshow & S. Kleinhaus A review of bird migration over Israel. J. Ornithol. 136:

8 Shirihai, H Birds of Israel. Academic Press.

9 Red-Footed Falcon migration, Israel Kfar Qassem Northern Valleys Present 400 No. of RRF Date

10 Kfar Kassem, Israel September 1982

11 Only record of Red-footed Falcon ringed in Eilat! By

12 PTILOCHRONOLOGY (the study of feather time)

13 NUTRITION rate of ingestion of assimilable energy & nutrients NUTRITIONAL CONDITION state of body components controlled by nutrition and which, in turn, influence an animal s fitness (Grubb 1995) A birds nutritional status depends on: Nutrient accessibility Nutrient demand Physiological, metabolic, morphological and behavioral discrepancies between the first two

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15 Graceful Warbler Prinia gracilis Eilat, Israel 24 h growth Fault bars Irregular Optimal, consistent growth Sub-optimal

16 APPLICATIONS Induced anabolism, as an index of nutritional condition, represents a new tool for testing hypotheses of ultimate causation. Age Sex Dominance Dispersal Foraging Caching Group dialect Information Center Breeding Helpers Parental effort Kinship Deme Species Niche Habitat Guild Communit Ecotype Migration pathways Parasite load Toxicants And.. Your imagination is the limit

17 STRESS: BORTOLOTTI, G. R., R. D. DAWSON, AND G. L. MURZA Stress during feather development predicts fitness potential. J. Anim. Ecol. 71: CARBONELL, R., & J. L. TELLERIA Feather traits and ptilochronology as indicators of stress in Iberian Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Bird Study 46:

18 Territory quality and size: CARLSON, A Territory quality and feather growth in the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos. J. Avian Biol. 29: Yosef, R., and T. C. Grubb, Jr Territory size influences nutritional condition in non-breeding Loggerhead Shrikes: a ptilochronology approach. Conserv. Biol. 6:

19 Habitat quality: Yosef, R On habitat-specific nutritional condition in Graceful Warblers (Prinia gracilis): evidence from ptilochronology. J. fur Ornithol. 139: Grubb, T. C., Jr., and Yosef, R Habitat-specific nutritional condition in Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus): evidence from ptilochronology. Auk 111:

20 Recently fledged Griffon Vulture nestlings are in better nutritional condition than free-living adults evidence from ptilochronology Alvaro Camina Apartado de Correos 339, Majadahonda, Madrid, SPAIN Reuven Yosef International Birding & Research Center in Eilat, P. O. Box 774, Eilat 88000, ISRAEL

21 GRIFFON VULTURE (Gyps fulvus)

22 Griffon Vultures La Rioja, Spain 10 caged adults (>10 yrs) 76 free-living adults 118 free-living sub-adults 93 fledglings 1) mean width of 10 growth bars centered on 2/3 of the distance from the proximal end of the feather 2) total length 3) number of fault bars

23 NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF GRIFFON VULTURES, SPAIN mm 24 hr Fledglings Sub-adults Adults Captive adults

24 Nutritional condition of Griffon Vultures in Spain Nestlings significantly better nutritional condition than free-living adults (Wilcoxon signed rank test z = , P = 0.02) BUT not different from caged adults (z = , P = 0.14). Simple regression analyses no relationship between juvenile growth and faults bars (y = x , r 2 = 0.004) which is in contrast to adults (y = x , r 2 = 0.374).

25 CONCLUSIONS Free-living adults are the most adversely affected Parents buffer young from fluctuating food availability by supplying food even if not enough for themselves Ptilochronology can help evaluate the nutritional condition of wild populations of Griffon Vultures

26 Hatching rank influences nutritional condition in the raptors of the Hortobagy National Park: evidence from ptilochronology and biometrics Szabolcs Solt St. Stephen University, Department of wildlife biology and management, 2103, Pater K. st. 1 Godollo, HUNGARY Peter Fehervari Central Veterinarian Institute, 1109, Tabornok st. 2, Budapest, HUNGARY Reuven Yosef International Birding & Research Centre in Eilat, P. O. Box 774, Eilat 88000, ISRAEL Presented at the: 6th World Conference of Birds of Prey & Owls, May 2003, Budapest, Hungary.

27 Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) N = 21 nestlings NUTRITIONAL CONDITION AS FUNCTION OF HATCHING mm per 24 hrs g rowth bar st 2nd 3rd Avg. central rectrix = SD mm Tarsus length mm body mass gr Avg. growth bar mm/day Hatching sequence CLUTCH SIZE 1 2 EGGS 3 3 EGGS 2 4 EGGS

28 Car Collision effect on population quality: roadkills differ from raptor-selected prey Małgorzata Bujoczek, Michał Ciach, Reuven Yosef Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, Kraków, POLAND International Birding & Research Centre in Eilat, P.O. Box 774, Eilat, ISRAEL Submitted: Conservation Biology Fig. 1. A comparison of the width of the growth bars on rectrices of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) and Yellowhammer (Emberiza citronella) found roadkilled and as prey killed by Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (means, ±SE and ±SD) Swallow N = 7 N = Yellowhammer N = 10 N = 23 growth bars width [mm] growth bars width [mm] roadkills preys 22 roadkills preys

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31 Michael K. Poulsen Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis ) nests in Central Mongolia

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33 SO What Are We waiting For???

34 What next? Book? Compendium of ms s?

35 Thank you for your attention! Questions?