HUMPBACK WHALE, MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE, SONG DURING THE BREEDING SEASON IN TRIBUGÁ S GULF, COLOMBIAN PACIFIC

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Perazio, Christina*, University of Southern Mississippi,

com Zapetis, Maria, University of Southern Mississippi,

com Roberson, Dana, University of Southern Mississippi,

net Botero, Natalia, University of Southern Mississippi,

edu Cañas, Andrés, Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio

1 HUMPBACK WHALE, MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE, SONG DURING THE BREEDING SEASON IN TRIBUGÁ S GULF, COLOMBIAN PACIFIC Perazio, Christina*, University of Southern Mississippi, perazio.ce@gmail.com Zapetis, Maria, University of Southern Mississippi, zapetism@gmail.com Roberson, Dana, University of Southern Mississippi, dlr123@earthlink.net Botero, Natalia, University of Southern Mississippi, Fundación Macuáticos Colombia, natalia.botero@eagles.usm.edu Cañas, Andrés, Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Andresfe7@gmail.com Medina, María Camila, Universidad de Antioquia, mariakmilam@gmail.com Kuczaj II, Stan A., University of Southern Mississippi, s.kuczaj@usm.edu Photo: Andrés Cañas

2 Tribugá s Gulf Coquí Map: 2013 Maplink, Google

3 Our study population Migrate north from feeding grounds near Antarctica to breeding grounds in South America (Stevick et al., 2004) G-stock breeding group summers in Tribugá s Gulf, Colombian Pacific (International Whaling Commission, 1998) To date, there has been no published research describing Humpback whale vocalizations in Colombian waters Photos: Christina Perazio, Macuáticos Colombia

4 What is song? Units=basic building blocks of song; small, uninterrupted sounds (Payne & McVay, 1971) Multiple units grouped together into a phrase (Payne & McVay, 1971) Phrases with matching structure repeated without pause are termed themes (Payne & McVay, 1971) A given song can contain multiple themes (Payne, Tyack, & Payne, 1983), and can last for between 8 and 16 minutes (Payne & Payne, 1985) Sequences of songs are termed song sessions, and can endure for several hours (Payne & McVay, 1971) Photos: Christina Perazio, Macuáticos Colombia

Song progression Same themes heard from year to year (Payne & Payne,

frequency, length, distribution, arrangement, and number of units in a

it is being sung (changes within a single song) Duration of song

stock may completely change their song over time (Noad et al.

5 Song progression Same themes heard from year to year (Payne & Payne, 1985) Similar song structure from year to year, with variations in the frequency, length, distribution, arrangement, and number of units in a given phrase (Payne, Tyack, & Payne, 1983) Song changes gradually as it is being sung (changes within a single song) Duration of song changes throughout the breeding season (Tyack, 1981) Singers from one stock may completely change their song over time (Noad et al., 2000) Photos: Christina Perazio, Macuáticos Colombia Photo: Andrés Cañas, Coquí, Colombia

Research objectives To track the progression of song

in song structure within the breeding seasons and within

watching operators, and local communities regarding the

6 Research objectives To track the progression of song throughout the breeding season Differences and similarities in song structure within the breeding seasons and within individual songs To increase the awareness of tourists, whale watching operators, and local communities regarding the conservation of Colombia s Humpback whales Photos: Christina Perazio, Chocó Colombia

Boat trips & acoustic data collection June September

of the town of Coquí Photographic, behavioral,

detected visually or audibly Single SQ26-08

digital recorder (Cetacean Research Technology)

7 Boat trips & acoustic data collection June September trips/week alternating to the north and south of the town of Coquí Photographic, behavioral, environmental, and acoustic data collected Singers detected visually or audibly Single SQ26-08 hydrophone with 10m cable attached to a Zoom H1 digital recorder (Cetacean Research Technology) Photos: Andrés Cañas, Coquí, Colombia Photos: Natalia Botero, Coquí, Colombia

8 Theme analysis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

9 2013 Song themes

10 Song structure In each song, and overall, Theme 1 is the dominant theme The order of themes for each whale recorded is the same Same themes heard in each recording, but slight differences Theme 1: AB AB AA phrase: A unit in AA sub phrase sounds slightly different between different songs and within a song than A unit in AB sub phrase Rather than one theme transitioning suddenly into the next, the phrases and units gradually shift ( shifting phrase or shifting unit )

Rufford, Society for Marine Mammology, and Cetacean Society International).

11 The future Photo: Christina Perazio, Chocó Colombia Photo: Angelo, Coquí, Colombia Photo: Christina Perazio, Coquí Colombia I would like to acknowledge our funding sources (Idea Wild, Rufford, Society for Marine Mammology, and Cetacean Society International). Additionally, I would like to thank everyone who has helped with data collection, and Dr. Jim Darling for his help with the analysis.

12 References International Whaling Commission. (1998). Report of the Scientific Committee. Annex G. Report of the sub-committee on Comprehensive Assessment of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales. Rep. int. Whal. Commn 48, Noad, M. J., Cato, D. H., Bryden, M. M., Jenner, M. N., & Jenner, K. C. S. (2000). Cultural revolution in whale songs. Nature, 408, 537. Payne, K. & Payne, R. (1985). Large scale changes over 19 years in songs of humpback whales in Bermuda. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 68(2), Payne, R. S. & McVay, S. (1971). Songs of humpback whales. Science, 173, Payne, K., Tyack, P., & Payne, R. (1983). Progressive changes in the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): A detailed analysis of two seasons in Hawaii. In R. Payne (Ed.), Communication and behavior of whales (pp. 9 57). Colorado: Westview Press. Stevick, P. T., Aguayo, A., Allen, J., Avila, I. C., Capella, J., Castro, C., Chater, K., Rosa, L. D., Engel, M. H., Felix, F., Florez-Gonzalez, L., Freitas, A., Haase, B., Lodi, L., Munoz, E., Olavarria, C., Secchi, E., Scheidat, M., & Siciliano, S. (2004). Migrations of individually identified humpback whales between the Antarctic peninsula and South America. Journal of Cetacean Resource Management, 6(2), Tyack, P. (1981). Interactions between singing Hawaiian humpback whales and conspecifics nearby. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 8(2),

Christina E. Perazio

Christina E. Perazio Maria Zapetis, Dana Roberson, Natalia Botero, María Camila Medina, and Stan A. Kuczaj II Watkins Memorial Marine Mammal Bioacoustics Symposium, New Bedford Whaling Museum March 28