Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds Best Management Practices
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1 Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds Best Management Practices David Helzer Bureau of Environmental Services October 2017
2 AVIAN SPECIES IN THE PORTLAND REGION 223 species occur annually 216 native, 7 non-native 38 At-Risk species Federal Status, ODFW T&E or Sensitive status, ORBIC ranked Special Status species ODFW Strategy, PIF Focal Species, Audubon/ABC Watchlist, OWEB priority, NWPCC Focal Species 135 species breed in the region Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) covers all native birds in region Including year round resident species that do not migrate Jim Cruce Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 2
3 BIRD NESTING SEASON AND AVOIDANCE APPROACH Start date End Date Season Approach August 1 January 31 Non-breeding o best time for disturbance February 1 April 14 Early Nesting o o o be aware of impacts consider early species survey April 15 July 31 Primary Nesting o o avoid disturbance survey if unavoidable Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 3
4 Bewick s Wren Annual Cycle Greg Gillson Source: Kennedy, E. Dale and Douglas W. White Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 4
5 NESTLING DEVELOPMENT Altricial Precocial Randy Moore Jim Cruce Jim Cruce Verbeek, N. A. and C. Caffrey American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online. Jim Cruce Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 5
6 Construction Incubation Jim Cruce Fledging Nestling Greg Gillson Jim Cruce Jim Cruce Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 6
7 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 7
8 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 8
9 Belted Kingfisher Art Wolf White-crowned Sparrow Greg Gillson Downy Woodpecker Michael Ahr Yellow Warbler Song Sparrow American Robin A.Baz Greg Gillson Killdeer House Wren Western Scrub-Jay Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 9
10 Pacific Wren Nest Forest Park April 2017 Credit: Peter Pearsall/USFWS/WikiCommons Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 10
11 Pacific Wren Nest Forest Park April 2017 (# 2) Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 11
12 ACTIVIVITES THAT POSE A RISK TO NESTS Mowing, especially non-turf sites Controlled burns in natural habitat Mechanical removal of invasive or native vegetation all trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species Herbicide applications Snag removal Clearing and grading project sites Removal/modification of built structures buildings, bridges, culverts Water level management Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 12
13 HERBICIDE RISKS TO OCCUPIED BIRD NESTS 1. Loss of support structure for nest 2. Loss of vegetative concealment for nest, exposure to predation 3. Chemical Impacts o o o Surfactants: egg s gas exchange, nestling thermoregulation Triclopyr nestlings eyesight Glyphosate minimal to no direct risk Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 13
14 Mt Tabor Park Oregon Junco nest with eggs/young May 10, 2011 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 14
15 IN-STREAM & WETLAND WORK Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 15
16 INVASIVE REMOVAL AND NATIVE REPLANTINGS Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 16
17 NATIVE NESTERS IN INVASIVE PLANTS Invasive Plant Species Documented Nesters English Hawthorne Cedar Waxing, American Robin English & Irish Ivy Spotted Towhee Himalayan Blackberry Willow Flycatcher*, Song Sparrow, American Robin, Spotted Towhee, Yellow-breasted Chat, Yellow Warbler, Black-headed Grosbeak Purple Loosestrife Bushtit, Common Yellowthroat, Song Sparrow, Western Scrub-Jay Reed Canary Grass Virginia Rail, Sora, Red-winged Blackbird, Common Yellowthroat, Cinnamon Teal, Song Sparrow, Mallard *47 willow flycatcher nests found in Himalayan Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 17 Blackberry in Willamette Valley Study B. Altman/BOGR
18 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 18 Photos: Jim Cruce
19 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 19 Photo: Michael Ahr
20 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 20 Photo: Michael Ahr
21 FOREST PARK BLACKBERRY & CLEMATIS PRE CUT Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 21
22 FOREST PARK BLACKBERRY & CLEMATIS POST CUT Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 22
23 1. plan disturbance for non-nesting Season no risk of impact or delay 2. remove vegetation in early season survey for and avoid nests less risk of impact or delay 3. remove vegetation in primary nesting season survey for and avoid nests (assume you will miss some) highest risk of impact or delay If you find a nest during work: establish buffer and phase work around or contact USFWS for permit to destroy/remove Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 23
24 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 24
25 EXAMPLE SPECIES FOR NESTING SEASONS EARLY NESTERS Feb 1 April 15 G. Gillson Whitaker Ponds PRIMARY SEASON NESTERS April 15 July 31 G. Gillson G. Gillson G. Gillson LATE NESTERS: willow flycatcher streaked horned lark Barn swallow Extend to Aug 31 Greg Gillson R. Moore S. Finnegan Randy Moore Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 25
26 NESTING BIRDS BMP DOCUMENT Guidelines for treatment of common invasives in Portland region: Blackberry Clematis Garlic Mustard Hawthorne Holly and Laurel Ivy: Ground Ivy Ivy: Tree Ivy Knapweed, Tansy and Thistle Knotweed Purple Loosestrife Reed Canarygrass Yellow Flag Iris Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 26 RWBL/Port SPTO/BES
27 Clematis vitalba Nesting Use: Not well documented, but heavy clumps likely used by many birds. Jim Cruce Non-nesting Season (Aug 1 Jan 31): Air gapping and root grubbing OK. Early Nesting Season (Feb 1 April 15): Air gapping and root grubbing OK, leave vines in trees, do not pull down! Primary Nesting Season (April 15 July 31): Air gapping OK, Avoid root grubbing and pulling vines down. Watch for ground and shrub nesters. Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 27
28 New Appendix D: Bird Nest Survey Protocol SPECIES / GUILD Double-crested Cormorant Herons/Egrets/Bitterns Waterfowl (Ducks/Geese/Swans) Diurnal Raptors Bald Eagle 1 Peregrine Falcon 2 American Kestrel Killdeer Pigeons/Doves Band-tailed Pigeon Owls Hummingbirds Woodpeckers Songbirds Corvids (Crows, Jays) Cliff Swallow Colonies American Robin Swainson s Thrush RECOMMENDED BUFFER meters (feet) 50 m (160 ft) 100 m (330 ft) 30 m (100 ft) 100 m (330 ft) 200 m (650 ft) 400 m (1310 ft) 50 m (160 ft) 25 m (80 ft) 20 m (65 ft) 30 m (100 ft) 50 m (160 ft) 10 m (30 ft) 15 m (50 ft) 10 m (30 ft) 20 m (65 ft) 25 m (80 ft) 20 m (65 ft) 20 m (65 ft) Conducted by qualified biologist If active nests found, phase construction work around nests Western Meadowlark 30 m (100 ft) Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 28 Streaked Horned Lark m (330 ft)
29 Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 29
30 MAY 2014 BUFFERS FOR ACTIVE NESTS Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 30
31 MAY 2014 MAINTENANCE CUT: NESTS FOUND Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 31 Photos: Adam Baz
32 Bald Eagle Nests in Portland Bald and Golden Eagle Projection Act (BGEPA) Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 32
33 BIRD NESTING SEASONS FOR PORTLAND REGION Start date End Date Season Approach August 1 January 31 Non-breeding o best time for disturbance February 1 April 14 Early Nesting o o o be aware of impacts consider early species survey April 15 July 31 Primary Nesting o o avoid disturbance survey if unavoidable Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 33
34 Supporting Native Birds in Parks Consider timing to avoid impacts to unseen nests Dense plantings of native plants, especially herbs and shrubs Promote flowering, fruiting and seed-bearing native plant species Retain snags Create snags, even small/short ones Create brush piles Protect/create downed logs Allow leaves, tree branches to decompose on site Leave patches of bare ground (especially in open sites) Project and expand riparian areas and wetlands Provide nest boxes; plan long-term for natural tree cavities Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 34
35 QUESTIONS? Environmental Services l Avoiding Impacts on Nesting Birds 35 Photo: Port of Portland Wildlife
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