Appendix 1. Comparison of wild birds species with previous observation.

Transcription

1 APPENDIX

2 6 Appendix. Comparison of wild birds species with previous observation. Species Sunaryan 999 Amin 00 This research 008 Species Sunaryan 999 Abroscopus superciliaris - - Halcyon cyanoventris Acridotheres javanicus Halcyon smyrnensiss - - Acridotheres tristis - - Hirundo rustica - - Aegithina tiphia Hirundo tahitica Aethopyga siparaja - - Hydrochous gigas - - Alcedo atthis - Lalage nigra - Alcedo meninting - Lanius schach - Alophoixus bres - Leptoptilos javanicus - Amandava amandava - - Lonchura leucogastroides - Amaurornis phoenicurus Lonchura maja - - Anhinga melanogaster - Lonchura malacca - - Anthreptes malacensis - - Lonchura punctulata Aplonis minor - - Lophozosterops javanicus - Aplonis panayensis - - Mycteria cinerea - Arachnothera longirostra - Napothera macrodactyla - - Ardea purpurea - - Nectarinia calcostetha - Ardeola speciosa Nectarinia jugularis Artamus leucorhynchus - Nycticorax nycticorax Bubulcus ibis - - Oriolus chinensis Cacatua alba - Orthotomus cuculatus - Cacatua goffini - Orthotomus ruficeps - Cacatua sulphurea Orthotomus sepium - Cacomantis merulinus - - Orthotomus sutorius Calidris ferruginea - - Padda oryzivora - - Celeus brachyurus - - Parus major Cisticola exilis - - Passer montanus Cisticola juncidis - - Pavo muticus - - Collocalia fuciphaga - Pelecanus conspicillatus - - Collocalia linchi (*) - Pericrocotus cinnamomeus - Collocalia maxima - - Pericrocotus flammeus - - Columba livia - Phylloscopus borealis - - Copsychus malabaricus - - Phylloscopus trivirgatus - - Copsychus saularis Picoides moluccensis - Corvus macrorhynchos Ploceus hypoxanthus - Coturnix chinensis - - Prinia familiaris Culicicapa ceylonensis - - Psittacula alexandri Cypsiurus balasiensis - - Pycnonotus atriceps - - Delichon dasypus - - Pycnonotus aurigaster Dendrocopus macei - - Pycnonotus goiavier Dendrocygna javanica - - Rhipidura javanica Dicaeum concolor - - Scissirostrum phoenicurus - - Dicaeum sanguinolentum - - Seicercus grammiceps - - Dicaeum trochileum Streptopelia chinensis Dicrurus sp - - Sturnus contra - - Ducula aenea - - Sturnus melanopterus Egretta alba - - Tanygnathus megalorhynchos - - Egretta sacra - - Todirhamphus chloris Amin 00 This research 008

3 7 Enicurus velatus - - Todirhamphus sanctus (*) - - Falco sp. - Treron vernans - Ficedula dumetoria - - Zoothera citrina - Ficedula mugimaki - - Zosterops chloris - - Ficedula westermanni Zosterops flavus - - Ficedula zanthopygia Zosterops montanus - Gallus gallus - - Zosterops palpebrosus - - Gerygone sulphurea - - Note : (*) : the name of species is adjusted according to MacKinnon et al. 998 Name of species source : MacKinnon et al. 998

4 8 Appendix. Comparison of wild birds species in the morning and afternoon observation. No. Species (morning) Species (afternoon) No. Species (morning) Species (afternoon) Acridotheres javanicus Acridotheres javanicus Lalage nigra Acridotheres tristis 4 Lanius schach Lanius schach Aegithina tiphia Aegithina tiphia 5 Leptoptilos javanicus Leptoptilos javanicus 4 Alcedo meninting Alcedo meninting 6 Lonchura leucogastroides(**) 5 Alophoixus bres 7 Lonchura punctulata Lonchura punctulata 6 Amandava amandava 8 Mycteria cinerea 7 Amaurornis phoenicurus Amaurornis phoenicurus 9 Nectarinia calcostetha Nectarinia calcostetha 8 Anhinga melanogaster. 40 Nectarinia jugularis Nectarinia jugularis 9 Anthreptes malacensis Anthreptes malacensis 4 Nycticorax nycticorax Nycticorax nycticorax 0 Ardeola speciosa Ardeola speciosa 4 Oriolus chinensis Oriolus chinensis Artamus leucorhynchus 4 Orthotomus cuculatus Cacatua alba (**) Cacatua alba (**) 44 Orthotomus ruficeps Orthotomus ruficeps Cacatua sulphurea (**) Cacatua sulphurea (**) 45 Orthotomus sutorius Orthotomus sutorius 4 Collocalia fuciphaga Collocalia fuciphaga 46 Padda oryzivora (**) 5 Collocalia linchi Collocalia linchi 47 Parus major Parus major 6 Collocalia maxima Collocalia maxima 48 Passer montanus Passer montanus 7 Columba livia Columba livia 49 Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 8 Copsychus malabaricus Copsychus malabaricus 50 Pericrocotus flammeus 9 Copsychus saularis Copsychus saularis 5 Picoides moluccensis 0 Corvus macrorhynchos 5 Ploceus hypoxanthus Delichon dasypus (*) Delichon dasypus 5 Prinia familiaris Prinia familiaris Dendrocopus macei Dendrocopus macei 54 Psittacula alexandri Psittacula alexandri Dendrocygna javanica Dendrocygna javanica 55 Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotus aurigaster 4 Dicaeum concolor Dicaeum concolor 56 Pycnonotus goiavier Pycnonotus goiavier 5 Dicaeum sanguinolentum (**) Dicaeum sanguinolentum(**) 57 Rhipidura javanica Rhipidura javanica 6 Dicaeum trochileum (**) Dicaeum trochileum (**) 58 Streptopelia chinensis Streptopelia chinensis 7 Ducula aenea 59 Sturnus melanopterus(**) Sturnus melanopterus(**) 8 Falco sp. 60 Todirhamphus chloris 9 Ficedula westermanni 6 Treron vernans 0 Ficedula zanthopygia 6 Zosterops chloris Halcyon cyanoventris (**) Halcyon cyanoventris (**) 6 Zosterops flavus (**) Zosterops flavus (**) Hirundo tahitica Hirundo tahitica 64 Zosterops palpebrosus Zosterops palpebrosus Name of species source : MacKinnon et al. 998 Note : (*) : migratory birds (MacKinnon et al. 998) (**) : endemic species of Indonesia (Sibley and Monroe 996)

5 9 Appendix. Comparison of wild birds families with previous observation No. Sunaryan (999) Amin (00) This research (008) Alcedinidae Alcedinidae Alcedinidae - - Anatidae - Anhingidae Anhingidae 4 - Apodidae Apodidae 5 Ardeidae Ardeidae Ardeidae 6 - Artamidae Artamidae 7 - Campephagidae Campephagidae 8 Chloropseidae Chloropseidae Chloropseidae 9 - Ciconiidae Ciconiidae 0 Columbidae Columbidae Columbidae Corvidae Corvidae Corvidae - Cuculidae - Dicaeidae Dicaeidae Dicaeidae 4 Dicruridae Falconidae Falconidae 6 Hirundinidae Hirundinidae Hirundinidae 7 - Laniidae Laniidae 8 Muscicapidae Muscicapidae Muscicapidae 9 Nectariniidae Nectariniidae Nectariniidae 0 Oriolidae Oriolidae Oriolidae Paridae Paridae Paridae - Pelecanidae - Picidae Picidae Picidae 4 - Phasianidae - 5 Ploceidae Ploceidae Ploceidae 6 Psittacidae Psittacidae Psittacidae 7 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotidae Pycnonotidae 8 Rallidae Rallidae Rallidae 9 - Scolopacidae - 0 Sylviidae Sylviidae Sylviidae Sturnidae Sturnidae Sturnidae - Timaliidae - Turdidae Turdidae Turdidae 4 Zosteropidae Zosteropidae Zosteropidae Name of family source : MacKinnon et al. 998

6 0 Appendix 4. Comparison of wild birds families in the morning and afternoon observation No. Family (morning) Family (Afternoon) Alcedinidae Alcedinidae Anatidae Anatidae Anhingidae - 4 Apodidae Apodidae 5 Ardeidae Ardeidae 6 - Artamidae 7 Campephagidae - 8 Chloropseidae Chloropseidae 9 Ciconiidae Ciconiidae 0 Columbidae Columbidae - Corvidae Dicaeidae Dicaeidae Falconidae - 4 Hirundinidae Hirundinidae 5 Laniidae Laniidae 6 Muscicapidae Muscicapidae 7 Nectariniidae Nectariniidae 8 Oriolidae Oriolidae 9 Paridae Paridae 0 Picidae Picidae Ploceidae Ploceidae Psittacidae Psittacidae Pycnonotidae Pycnonotidae 4 Rallidae Rallidae 5 Sylviidae Sylviidae 6 Sturnidae Sturnidae 7 Turdidae Turdidae 8 Zosteropidae Zosteropidae Name of family source : MacKinnon et al. 998

7 The Distribution Area of Ragunan Zoological Park's Wild Birds JSBBor, 4 Number of species JSB, 6 JSBor, 4 JS, JB, JBBor, JBor, J, SBor, NM, JSBBor JSB JSBor JS JB JBBor JBor J SBor NM Appendix 5. The Distribution of Ragunan Zoological Park s Wild Birds (J-Java; S-Sumatera; B-Bali; Bor-Borneo; NM-North Mollucas) Source of bird range area : MacKinnon et al. 998

8 Appendix 6. List of Wild Bird s Figures Found in This Research Anhinga melanogaster Acridotheres javanicus Anthreptes malacensis Acridotheres tristis Ardeola speciosa Aegithina tiphia Artamus leucorhynchus Alcedo meninting Cacatua alba Alophoixus bres Amandava amandava Cacatua sulphurea Amaurornis phoenicurus Collocalia fuchiphaga

9 Collocalia linchi Dendrocopus macei Collocalia maxima Dendrocygna javanica Columba livia Dicaeum concolor Copsychus malabaricus Dicaeum sanguinolentum Copsychus saularis Dicaeum trochileum Corvus macrorhynchos Ducula aenea Delichon dasyphus Falco sp.

10 4 Ficedula westermanni Lonchura leucogastroides Ficedula zanthopygia Lonchura punctulata Halcyon cyanoventris Mycteria cinerea Hirundo tahitica Lalage nigra Nectarinia calcostetha Lanius schach Nectarinia jugularis Leptoptilos javanicus Nycticorax nycticorax

11 5 Oriolus chinensis Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Orthotomus cuculatus Pericrocotus flammeus Orthotomus ruficeps Picoides moluccensis Orthotomus sutorius Ploceus hypoxanthus Padda oryzivora Prinia familiaris Parus major Psittacula alexandri Passer montanus Pycnonotus aurigaster

12 6 Pycnonotus goiavier Zosterops chloris Rhipidura javanica Zosterops flavus Zosterops palpebrosus Streptopelia chinensis Sources : Sturnus melanopterus Todirhamphus chloris Treron vernans

13 7 Appendix 7 Map of Ragunan Zoological Park

14 8 Appendix 8. Status of wild birds according to IUCN Redlist 008 Species Status (IUCN Red List) Acridotheres javanicus Data Deficient Acridotheres tristis Aegithina tiphia Alcedo meninting Amandava amandava Alophoixus bres Amaurornis phoenicurus Anhinga melanogaster. Near Threatened Anthreptes malacensis Ardeola speciosa Artamus leucorhynchus Cacatua alba Vulnerable Cacatua sulphurea Critically Endangered Collocalia fuciphaga Collocalia linchi Collocalia maxima Columba livia Copsychus malabaricus Copsychus saularis Corvus macrorhynchos Delichon dasypus Dendrocopus macei Dendrocygna javanica Dicaeum concolor Dicaeum sanguinolentum Dicaeum trochileum Ducula aenea Falco sp. - extinct Ficedula westermanni Ficedula zanthopygia Halcyon cyanoventris Hirundo tahitica Lalage nigra Lanius schach Leptoptilos javanicus Vulnerable Lonchura leucogastroides Lonchura punctulata Mycteria cinerea Vulnerable Nectarinia calcostetha Nectarinia jugularis Nycticorax nycticorax Oriolus chinensis Orthotomus cuculatus Orthotomus ruficeps Orthotomus sutorius

15 9 Padda oryzivora Parus major Passer montanus Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Pericrocotus flammeus Picoides moluccensis Ploceus hypoxanthus Prinia familiaris Psittacula alexandri Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotus goiavier Rhipidura javanica Streptopelia chinensis Sturnus melanopterus Todirhamphus chloris Treron vernans Zosterops chloris Zosterops flavus Zosterops palpebrosus Vulnerable Near Threatened Endangered Near Threatened Note : Data according to IUCN Redlist 008 ( 008) The categories : EXTINCT A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EXTINCT IN THE WILD A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. ENDANGERED A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. VULNERABLE A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NEAR THREATENED A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. LEAST CONCERN A taxon is when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. DATA DEFICIENT A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. NOT EVALUATED A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

16 0 Appendix 9 Classification of wild birds according to their food Species Group Species Group Acridotheres javanicus Omnivorous Lalage nigra Insectivorous Acridotheres tristis Omnivorous Lanius schach Insectivorous Aegithina tiphia Insectivorous Leptoptilos javanicus Fish-eater Alcedo meninting Fish-eater Lonchura leucogastroides Seed-eater Amandava amandava Seed-eater Lonchura punctulata Seed-eater Alophoixus bres Frugivorous Mycteria cinerea Fish-eater Amaurornis phoenicurus Omnivorous Nectarinia calcostetha Nectarivorous Anhinga melanogaster. Fish-eater Nectarinia jugularis Nectarivorous Anthreptes malacensis Nectarivorous Nycticorax nycticorax Fish-eater Ardeola speciosa Fish-eater Oriolus chinensis Fish-eater Artamus leucorhynchus Insectivorous Orthotomus cuculatus Insectivorous Cacatua alba Frugivorous Orthotomus ruficeps Insectivorous Cacatua sulphurea Frugivorous Orthotomus sutorius Insectivorous Collocalia fuciphaga Insectivorous Padda oryzivora Seed-eater Collocalia linchi Insectivorous Parus major Insectivorous Collocalia maxima Insectivorous Passer montanus Seed-eater Columba livia Seed-eater Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Insectivorous Copsychus malabaricus Insectivorous Pericrocotus flammeus Insectivorous Copsychus saularis Insectivorous Picoides moluccensis Insectivorous Corvus macrorhynchos Omnivorous Ploceus hypoxanthus Seed-eater Delichon dasypus Insectivorous Prinia familiaris Insectivorous Dendrocopus macei Insectivorous Psittacula alexandri Frugivorous Dendrocygna javanica Omnivorous Pycnonotus aurigaster Frugivorous Dicaeum concolor Insectivorous Pycnonotus goiavier Frugivorous Dicaeum sanguinolentum Insectivorous Rhipidura javanica Insectivorous Dicaeum trochileum Insectivorous Streptopelia chinensis Frugivorous Ducula aenea Seed-eater Sturnus melanopterus Omnivorous Falco sp. Raptorial Todirhamphus chloris Fish-eater Ficedula westermanni Insectivorous Treron vernans Frugivorous Ficedula zanthopygia Insectivorous Zosterops chloris Insectivorous Halcyon cyanoventris Fish-eater Zosterops flavus Insectivorous Hirundo tahitica Insectivorous Zosterops palpebrosus Insectivorous Classification source : MacKinnon 998 and (008) Note : Fish-eater : 4.06% Frugivorous :.50% Insectivorous : 45.% Nectarivorous : 4.69% Omnivorous : 9.8% Raptorial :.56% Seed-eater :.50%