395 European Nuthatch
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1 Adult. Male (13-XI) EUROPEAN NUTHATCH (Sitta europaea) Sexing. Pattern of flank: top male; bottom female. IDENTIFICATION cm. Grey bluish upperparts; underparts with white throat and rusty-buff breast and belly: head with a black band from the bill to the neck; grey bill; brownish legs. Pattern of head and upperparts. SIMILAR SPECIES This species is unmistakable SEXING In adult and juvenile birds, male with flanks and part of undetail coverts bright chesnut-brown, well demarcated from whitish breast and belly. Female with flanks and part of undertail coverts warm rufous-buff, bad demarcated from whitish breast and belly (CAUTION: some males have only a little number of chestnut feathers). Sexing. Pattern of undertail coverts: left male; right female. AGEING 3 types of age can be recognized: Juvenile similar to adults, but with less blue and chesnut tinge and with dull black band on the cheek; fresh plumage. 1st year autumn/2nd year spring can be difficult to age; can be recognized by more intensive wear of juvenile unmoulted flight feathers and greater and primary coverts, which are greyer and only faintly bluish, showing moult limit with the more blue changed lesser and median coverts. Adult always without moult limits on wing coverts. Page 1
2 PHENOLOGY I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Ageing. Pattern of band on the cheek: top adult; bottom juvenile. Adult. Female (13-XI) Ageing. Pattern of wing coverts: top adult; bottom juvenile. MOULT Complete postbreeding moult, usually finished in September. Partial postjuvenile moult, including body feathers, lesser and median coverts and, some birds, tertials; usually finished in September. 1st year. Male (13-XI) Extent of postjuvenile moult. Page 2
3 Adult. Head pattern: top male (13- XI); bottom female (13- XI). 1st year. Female (30-XII) 1st year. Head pattern: top male (13- XI); bottom female (30- XII). Juvenile. Male (12-VII) Juvenile. Female (12-VII) Juvenile. Head pattern: top male (12- VII); bottom female (12- VII). Page 3
4 Adult. Breast pattern: left male (13-XI); right female (13-XI). 1st year. Upperparts pattern: left male (13- XI); right female (30-XII). 1st year. Breast pattern: left male (13-XI); right female (30-XII). Juvenile. Breast pattern: left male (12- VII); right female (12-VII). Juvenile. Upperparts pattern: left male (12 -VII); right female (12-VII). Adult. Male: flank pattern (13-XI). Adult. Upperparts pattern: left male (13- XI); right female (13-XI). Page 4
5 Adult. Female: flank pattern (13-XI). Juvenile. Female: flank pattern (12-VII). 1st year. Male: flank pattern (13-XI). Adult. Pattern of undertail coverts: left male (13-XI); right female (13-XI). 1st year. Female: flank pattern (30-XII). 1st year. Pattern of undertail coverts: left male (13-XI); right female (30-XII). Juvenile. Male: flank pattern (12-VII). Page 5
6 Juvenile. Pattern of undertail coverts: left male (12-VII); right female (12-VII). Juvenile. Tail pattern: left male (12-VII); right female (12-VII). Adult. Male: pattern of wing coverts (13XI). Adult. Tail pattern: left male (13-XI); right female (13-XI). Adult. Female: pattern of wing coverts (13 -XI). 1st year. Tail pattern: left male (13-XI); right female (30-XII). 1st year. Male: pattern of wing coverts (13 -XI). Page 6
7 1st year. Female: pattern of wing coverts (30-XII). Adult. Female: pattern of wing (13-XI) Juvenile. Male: pattern of wing coverts (12-VII). 1st year. Male: pattern of wing (13-XI) Juvenile. Female: pattern of wing coverts (12-VII). 1st year. Female: pattern of wing (30-XII) Adult. Male: pattern of wing (13-XI) Juvenile. Male: pattern of wing (12-VII) Page 7
8 Juvenile. Female: pattern of wing (12-VII) Page 8
342 Blue Rock Thrush. BLUE ROCK THRUSH (Monticola solitarius)
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348 Mistle Thrush. Put your logo here
SIMILAR SPECIES Redwing is smaller and has reddish underwing coverts. Song Thrush has rusty-buff underwing coverts. Fieldfare has a pale supercilium and grey upperparts. Thrush. Summer. Adult (02-VII).
331 Black Redstart. BLACK REDSTART (Phoenicurus ochruros) IDENTIFICATION
SIMILAR SPECIES Adult male unmistakable. Female and juvenile recalls a Nightingale which is bigger and without dark central tail feathers. Female and juvenile Redstart have brown upperparts and buff underparts.
White Wagtail. WHITE WAGTAIL (Motacilla alba)
White Wagtail. Spring. Adult. Male (30-IV). SEXING In breeding plumage, male with black on crown reaching nape and ending with a sharp border; black throat always without white feathers admixed. Female
330 Bluethroat. Put your logo here SEXING. BLUETHROAT (Luscinia svecica) IDENTIFICATION AGEING SIMILAR SPECIES. Write your website here
Spring. Adult. Male (16-III) SEXING In breeding plumage, adult male with deep blue chin and throat with a reddish or white patch; reddish breast. Female with whitish chin and throat, lacking blue colour
369 Orphean Warbler. ORPHEAN WARBLER (Sylvia hortensis)
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276 Red-necked Nightjar
Red-necked Nightjar. Male. Adult (26-VI). RED-NECKED (Caprimulgus ruficollis) NIGHTJAR IDENTIFICATION 30-34 cm. Brown reddish plumage; brown wings and tail, with transversal brown bars and white patches;
431 Goldfinch. Put your logo here
SIMILAR SPECIES Adults are unmistakable with their head pattern; juveniles are easily recognized by their wing and tail pattern. Spring. Adult. Male (20-IV). GOLDFINCH (Carduelis carduelis) IDENTIFICATION
290 Black Woodpecker. Put your logo here
Black Woodpecker. Adult. Male (IV) (photo: Ondrej Kauzál (Czech Rep.). BLACK WOODPECKER (Dryocopus martius) AGEING 3 types of age can be recognized: Juvenile similar to adults, but with duller black plumage
431 Goldfinch. SIMILAR SPECIES Adults are unmistakable with their head pattern; juveniles are easily recognized by their wing and tail pattern.
SIMILAR SPECIES Adults are unmistakable with their head pattern; juveniles are easily recognized by their wing and tail pattern. Goldfinch. Spring. Adult. Male (20-IV). SEXING Male with red patch on head
266 Western Barn Owl. Put your logo here. WESTERN BARN OWL (Tyto alba) IDENTIFICATION AGEING SIMILAR SPECIES
66 Western Barn Owl Barn Owl. Sexing. Pattern of the white band on neck: left male; right female. Barn Owl. Male (6-I). WESTERN BARN OWL (Tyto alba) IDENTIFICATION -9 cm. Brown golden upperparts, with
Purple Heron. SIMILAR SPECIES Confusion only possible with Grey Heron, which has grey neck and wing coverts and pale underparts.
Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze 44 Purple Heron Grey Heron Purple Heron. Adult. Male (10-IX). PURPLE HERON (Ardea purpurea) SEXING IDENTIFICATION 70-90 cm. Slate upperparts and wing coverts,
131 Common Kestrel. Put your logo here. COMMON KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus) IDENTIFICATION SIMILAR SPECIES. Write your website here
Adult. Male (24-XI). COMMON KESTREL (Falco tinnunculus) Male: pattern of wing, head and upperparts IDENTIFICATION 31-38 cm. Pointed wings and long tail, with black terminal band; dark claws; brown upperparts,
138 Peregrine Falcon. SIMILAR SPECIES Hobby has a moustache too, but this species is smaller (35 mm) and has red trousers.
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262 Eurasian Collared Dove
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134 Eurasian Hobby. Put your logo here
Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze SIMILAR SPECIES Adult can be separated from the other small falcons for its moustache and reddish underparts; juvenile recalls a Peregrine Falcon (3845 cm) which
29 Cormorant. CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo) IDENTIFICATION SIMILAR SPECIES SEXING AGEING
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