Introduction p. 1 The Cost Issue p. 2 The Productivity Issue p. 5 The Quality Issue p. 6 Other Points of View p. 7 Where Do We Go From Here? p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. xiii Introduction p. 1 The Cost Issue p. 2 The Productivity Issue p. 5 The Quality Issue p. 6 Other Points of View p. 7 Where Do We Go From Here? p. 17 The World-Class Software Organization p. 18 Voting With Your Feet p. 18 The Lure of the Silver Bullet p. 23 Better Programming Languages p. 26 Better People p. 27 Automated Tools p. 28 JAD, RAD, and Prototyping p. 30 Structured Techniques p. 31 Information Engineering p. 32 Object-Oriented Methodologies p. 33 Software Reusability p. 35 Software Reengineering p. 35 Conclusion p. 37 Peopleware p. 39 The Premise p. 40 Murmurs from the Trenches p. 42 The Solution: Step 1 p. 50 The Solution: What to Stop p. 51 The Solution: What to Do p. 54 Hiring the Best People p. 54 Firing and Quitting p. 57 Training p. 60 Motivating People: The Classical Issues p. 62 Performance Management p. 64 Project Teams p. 67 Summary p. 70 Software Processes p. 73 The SEI Process Maturity Model p. 74 Level 1 - The Initial Level p. 75 Level 2 - The Repeatable Level p. 78 Level 3 - The Defined Level p. 81 Level 4 - The Managed Level p. 81 Level 5 - The Optimizing Level p. 83 Implications of the SEI Model p. 83

2 You Can't Skip Levels p. 84 It Takes Time to Move from One Level to the Next p. 84 Not Many Organizations Are Above Level 1 p. 86 Esoteric New Technology Should be Avoided at Lower Levels p. 86 New Software Organizations are Unlikely to Start at Level 3 p. 88 The SEI Model is Becoming Important for Software Contractors p. 88 Strategic Implications: What Should You Do? p. 89 Software Methodologies p. 92 The Waterfall Life Cycle and the Difference Between "Method" and "Methodology" p. 93 Definition of the Waterfall Life Cycle p. 93 Method vs. Methodology vs. Life Cycle p. 93 Problems with the Waterfall Approach p. 94 Conservative vs. Radical Life Cycles p. 96 Modern Waterfall: Incremental and Spiral Models p. 100 Another View of the Modern Waterfall: Automated Transforms of Models p. 101 The Prototyping Life Cycle p. 103 Popular Methodologies: An Introduction p. 105 Structured Methodologies p. 107 Information Engineering Methodologies p. 108 Object-Oriented Methodologies p. 109 Methodology Paradigm Shifts p. 113 The IE-SA Schism and the Three Dimensions of Complexity p. 113 The Nature of Paradigm Shifts p. 114 Methodology and Culture p. 120 Pattern Languages p. 121 The Factors That Affect The Nature of Design Work p. 123 Why OOPLers Haven't Seen The Need for Graphical Models Yet p. 124 The Nature of the Analysis/Design "Twilight Zone" for OOPLers p. 126 The Relationship of OOPLs and Prototyping p. 126 The Importance of Reusability p. 127 The Difference Between SA/SD and OOA/OOD p. 128 The Impact of Small, Fast OOPL Projects on the Learning Curve p. 129 Case p. 132 A Brief History of CASE Technology p. 132 Characteristics of Current CASE Technology p. 135 General Features p. 136 Diagramming Capabilities of CASE Tools p. 138 CASE Repositories p. 145 Contents and Definition of the Repository p. 146 Implementation of the Repository p. 147 Repository Wars p. 150

3 Categorizing CASE Vendors p. 151 Hardware Vendors p. 152 DBMS Vendors p. 153 CASE Toolmakers p. 153 Methodology Vendors p. 154 Consultants p. 155 Selecting a CASE Product p. 155 Price and Vendor Stability as Major Issues p. 155 The Risk of CASE Failure p. 156 CASE Implementation Steps p. 157 The Software Engineering Audit p. 158 Selling the Concept of CASE p. 159 Senior Management p. 159 Middle Management p. 161 Technicians p. 163 Education of Software Engineers p. 165 Selecting the Appropriate Tools p. 165 Installation and Postinstallation Evaluation p. 166 CASE Futures p. 166 Ongoing Evolution of Today's Features p. 166 Changing the Culture p. 167 Understanding how Software Engineers Work p. 168 Groupware CASE Tools p. 169 Expert System Technology in CASE p. 173 Multimedia CASE p. 174 Software Metrics p. 177 Why Measure? p. 178 What to Measure? p. 181 Measuring Software Size p. 183 Measuring Defects p. 185 Measuring Effort p. 188 Customer Responsiveness Metrics p. 189 Miscellaneous Metrics p. 191 How to Measure--Setting up a Metrics Program p. 192 Some Final Observations About Metrics p. 195 Software Quality Assurance p. 198 What Is Software Quality? p. 198 What Is Software Quality Assurance? p. 200 How Do Companies Pursue Software Quality? p. 202 Cultural Approaches to Software Quality p. 204 Causal Analysis p. 205

4 A Passion for Quality p. 209 Strategic Implications p. 211 Software Reusability p. 214 Why Does It Matter? p. 214 Why Aren't We Doing It? p. 216 Software Textbooks Don't Teach Reusability p. 216 The NIH Syndrome p. 217 Unsuccessful Experiences with Reusability p. 218 Management Failures p. 218 Management/Technical Failures p. 219 Technical Failures p. 219 No Rewards for Software Reusability p. 220 Levels of Reusability p. 221 Reusing Code p. 222 Reusing Data p. 223 Reusing Designs p. 223 Reusing Specifications p. 224 Miscellaneous Examples of Reuse p. 225 Technological Approaches to Reusability p. 225 Component Libraries p. 226 Object-Oriented Development Techniques p. 227 CASE Tools and Designware p. 228 Design Recovery a la MCC p. 229 Organizational Approaches to Reusability p. 230 Providing a Reward System p. 230 Providing a Proactive Management Approach p. 231 Change the Organization to Create a Group of Component Producers p. 232 Strategic Implications p. 233 Software Re-Engineering p. 235 Pleasant Myths We Have Been Forced to Abandon p. 239 Restructuring p. 240 Reengineering p. 242 Reverse Engineering p. 246 A Reengineering Strategy p. 249 The Top-Down Edict p. 249 The "Sheep Dip" Approach p. 250 Bottom-Up Socializing p. 250 A Reengineering "Life Cycle" Plan p. 251 Which Systems Get Reengineered First? p. 253 Portfolio Analysis p. 255 Windows of Opportunity p. 258

5 The Reengineering Project p. 259 Define Project Scope p. 259 Collect Source Materials and Tools p. 261 Validate the Source Materials p. 261 Analyze Source Code and Data p. 261 Produce Documentation p. 262 Conclusion p. 262 Future Trends p. 264 Why Does Technology Evolution Occur? p. 265 The Impact of Hardware on Technology Evolution in the Software Field p. 268 Likely Developments in the Software Area p. 273 Context Issues: For Whom are We Developing Our Systems? p. 275 Conclusions: What To Do? p. 277 Software Technology in India p. 279 The Programmer's Bookshelf p. 313 Index p. 341 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.