Engineering Design Process

Transcription

1 Engineering Design Process Lecture 1 Spring 2018 Rabi Mahapatra Slides adopted from R. Gu3errez

2 Plan Engineering science vs. design What is an engineer? Engineering design Elements of the design process

3 Engineering science vs. design Engineering science problems Problem statement is compact and well- posed Problem uses specialized knowledge Problem has a readily idenlfiable closure SoluLon is unique and compact

4 Engineering science problems Problem statement is compact and well- posed Problem uses specialized knowledge Problem has a readily idenlfiable closure SoluLon is unique and compact

5 Engineering design problems Problem statement is incomplete, ambiguous, and self- contradictory Problem requires integralon of knowledge from many fields Problem does not have a readily idenlfiable closure SoluLons are neither unique nor compact

6 Engineering design problems Problem statement is incomplete, ambiguous, and self- contradictory Problem requires integralon of knowledge from many fields Problem does not have a readily idenlfiable closure SoluLons are neither unique nor compact

7 What is an Engineer?

8 What is an Engineer? Methodical applicalon of scienlfic knowledge and technology In contrast with other design/crealve endeavors, e.g., crealve wrilng InnovaLve vs. methodical Both terms are in compellon A good engineer is aware of this and uses both effeclvely SaLsfy human needs You must determine the user s needs and apply technology ethically

9 What is engineering design?

10 ! The design process Problem- solving methodologies that aim to develop a system that best meets the customer s needs within given constraints! IteraLve In recognilon that early in the process you don t know all the answers (or somelmes even the queslons)! MeeLng an objeclve - There is always one (or mullple) engineering design is not aimless

11 Types of design processes Prescrip;ve They set down an exact process or recipe for realizing a system O_en algorithmic and expressed on flow charts with decision logic Descrip;ve Describe typical aclviles involved in realizing designs Less formal, less emphasis on exact sequencing

12 Why follow a design process? It formalizes thought processes to ensure good praclces are followed, which leads to beaer and more innovalve solulons It keeps all members of the team synchronized in terms of understanding where they are in the process

13 A prescrip;ve design process

14 This model is unrealislc, and ignores the iteralve nature of design, where the team alternates between different phases as needed

15 A descrip;ve design process

16 A descrip;ve design process Allows transilons between the different phases The engineer may alternate between nearby phases! e.g., between problem ID, research, requirements specs, concept generalon However, transilons between remote phases can be costly! e.g., the customer needs may change, which requires reevalualon of needs, requirements specificalons

17 Elements of the design process [1] Problem iden;fica;on What is the problem being solved or the customer need to be met? Could result from someone conceiving a new idea or from a client approaching you with a need [2] Research Immersion in basic engineering, scienlfic principles and technologies You must become a domain expert to avoid reinvenlng the wheel [3] Requirements specifica;on ArLculates what the system must do for it to be successful and be accepted by the customer Very challenging for engineers since we are trained to solve problems instead of specifying them

18 [4] Concept genera;on The design is open- ended, so you must generate mullple solulons Alternates crealve thought and crilcal evalualon (not simultaneously) [5] Design IteraLvely develop a technical solulon, leading to a detailed design Upon complelon, all major systems and subsystems are idenlfied and described using an appropriate model (e.g., funclonal, behavior) [6] Prototyping/construc;on Different elements of the system are constructed and tested In prototyping, the goal is to experiment, establish proof- of- concept, and improve understanding

19 [7] System integra;on All the subsystems are brought together to produce a working system Requires clear communicalon of funclonality and interfaces during the design phase [8] Tes;ng Unit tests, regression test, integralon test, acceptance test The final objeclve is to demonstrate that the overall system meets the client s needs [9] Maintenance A_er deployment: maintain, upgrade, add new funclonality, correct design problems

20 Technology- specific design processes

21 Technology- specific design processes VLSI Design

22 Topography of engineering science and design Solid ground of engineering science Design swamp Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 22

23 Typical engineering student with science and mathemalcs background Solid ground of engineering science Design swamp Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 23

24 Design professor This way Solid ground of engineering science Design swamp Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 24

25 Design professor Design skills Solid ground of engineering science Design swamp Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 25

26 Course objec;ves Design process Design tools Design skills Professional skills Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 26

27 Design process Design tools Needs specifica3on Requirements specifica3on Concept genera3on Design skills Func3onal decomposi3on Behavior models Tes3ng Professional skills Teamwork Project management Ethical/legal issues Oral presenta3ons Capstone design Ricardo GuLerrez- Osuna 27

28 Lecture summary! Design problems are open- ended with many potenlal solulons! Design processes represent best praclces for realizing a system! Engineering design is an iteralve process! Design processes may be prescriplve or descriplve