Report of Achievements, Lessons Learnt; and Plan for Completion of the Belitung Demonstration Site

Transcription

1 United Nations UNEP/GEF South China Sea Global Environment Environment Programme Project Facility Ninth Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Coral Reef Sub-component of the UNEP/GEF Project: Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand Date: 31 st March 2008 Original: English Belitung, Indonesia, 22 nd 24 th April 2008 Report of Achievements, Lessons Learnt; and Plan for Completion of the Belitung Demonstration Site

2 Page 1 Report on the Implementation of Coral Reef Demonstration Site Selat Nasik Sub-District, Belitung, Indonesia INTRODUCTION The South China Sea Project is an activity sponsored by the United Nation Environment Program (UNEP) and carried out by the Indonesian Government (among others is the Research Center for Oceanography-LIPI). It is aimed to rectify the tendency of environmental degradation in the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. It is to be approached through the collaboration with all relevant stakeholders, at the regional as well as national levels, collecting all information that will be of use in the further management of the resource. In its implementation, the COBSEA Program is split into 6 components, namely land-based pollution, mangrove, seagrass, coral reef, wetland and fisheries. Each component which is usually called as a Working Group is led by a National Focal Point. Each component has a demonstration site, for instance the seagrass component has a demonstration site in Mapur (Riau Islands), the land based pollution component has a demonstration site in Batam. The coral reef component has a demonstration site in Belitung, to be exact in the Selat Nasik Sub- District. It is composed of 4 villages, namely Selat Nasik, Petaling, Suak Gual and Gresik. The MoU was signed on 25 May Activities implemented in the Belitung Coral Reef Demonstration Site (Indonesia) cover a number of components, namely Project Management, Public Awareness and Education, Legislation and Resource Management Plan, Strengthening Information for Decision making Process, Monitoring Controlling and Surveillance and Alternative Livelihood. Result of each components are detailed below. 1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Implementation of Project Management was started by establishing Management Board in the Belitung District. It is stated in the agreement that acting as Chairman of the Management Board will be Mr. Nazalyus N. Effendi MM who is also the Chairman of Local Planning Board of Belitung District. Activity of the team among others is to conduct quarterly meeting to evaluate the implementation of activities in the area of Selat Nasik Sub-District. Until now the management board were conducted 6 meeting. On February 2008 Research Center for Oceanography LIPI and Management Board conducted one day seminar in Belitung District. The aims of seminars was disseminated what activities have been done in Coral Reef demonstration site to all stakeholders in Belitung District and need follow-up from Belitung District for sustainability program. Some recommendation have been achieved as follows: It is necessary for the local government to follow up the activities that have been started by SCS UNEP. It is of importance to maintain the condition of mangroves and coral reefs. The local government should supervise the activities of alternative income generation. How is the continuation of the coral reef watchers. It is necessary to have follow-up action on the draft of Local Regulation and Resource Management Plan of Selat Nasik Sub-District. This one day seminar has been covered by local mass media, namely Pos Belitung. 2. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EDUCATION Implementation of activities in Public Awareness and Education were started with physical activities such as construction of billboard, calendre, T-shirts, publication of book and so on. After finishing the physical activities, it continued with launching in which it involves fisherman communities in the Selat Nasik Sub-District. Then it continued with TOT for elementary teachers in order to be capable of teaching : Buku Mulok Pesisir dan Laut Kita (Book of local content on Our Coast and Seas ).

3 Page Bill board Based on discussion in Management Board Meeting-2 the board agreed that the billboard would be set up at the airport, Selat Nasik village, Suak Gual village and Petaling village. Billboard frame would be constructed in Tanjung Pandan and Selat Nasik, while the content would be prepared in Jakarta. In fact the billboard was placed at Tanjung Pandan (1), Selat Nasik village (1), between Petaling and Suak Gual village (1) and Gersik village (1). 2.2 T-Shirt Based on discussion in Management Board Meeting-2 the board agreed that the VCD should be replaced with white, long sleeved with sizes ranging from M, L, and XL; altogether amounting to 1000 pieces. Design was created by Nurul Dhewani and Dewirina. The T-shirts have been distributed to fishermen in Selat Nasik Sub District on Januari Calender The objective of this activity is to make calendar design. After discussed with team, it was concluded that design of calendar as follow: The calendar consists of 13 pages. The first page shows about the location of Selat Nasik Sub-District, Belitung District, Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. The second page contains the Tanjung Pandan airport which forms the main entrance to the demosite. The third page shows the office of the Head of the Sub-District, which form the center of the local government for the Selat Nasik Sub-District. Pages 4 to 10 show the characteristics of each village and its activities, starting from Selat Nasik village (pages 4 & 5), Petaling village (pages 6 & 7), Suak Gual village (pages 8 & 9) and Gresik village (10 & 11). Page 12 contains the activities of the Coral Reef in Jakarta and in local areas. The calenders have been distributed to stakeholder in Belitung Regency and household in Selat Nasik Sub District on Januari Launching The lauching project was conducted on 7 February It was attended by about 200 person (about 30 from Tanjung Pandan and 170 person from Selat Nasik Sub District). The launching was opened by Bupati (Head of Belitung Regency), Focal Point, National Focal Point, Management Board also attended. In this occation, Bupati asked to people in Selat Nasik Sub District to participated in protecting their coral reef. 2.5 Education Book of local content consist of 7 books. Book 1 to Book 6 are meant for elementary school children Grade 1 to 6 respectively; while Book 7 is meant as teaching guide for teacher. The books have been printed and distributed to the 7 elementary schools in Selat Nasik Sub Discrict. To facilitate the use of Mulok (book of local content), the TOT for Primary School Teachers was conducted at the end of February It was attended by about 65 teachers from Selat Nasik Sub District and Department of Education of Belitung District. Then the formal and informal meeting were conducted on March 2007 with the Department of Education Belitung District to discuss the implementation of Mulok book). On April 2007, the Department of Education and Primary School Teachers in Selat Nasik Sub District carried out a workshop to prepare silabus of Buku Pesisir dan Laut Kita. Presently the book serves as teaching material of local content in the elementary school of Selat Nasik Sub-District. 3. LEGISLATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN Contract for Legalization and Resource Management Plan has been signed on 11 June 2007 Number: 165/VI/COBSEA/2007 and conducted by PT. Awan Tisani. The Period of contract is from 11 June 2007 to 11 December 2007.

4 Page Legislation The activities have been done by consultant as follows: gathered rules, regulation dan decress within Belitung District (11 reulation). visited Selat Nasik Sub District (Mendanau Island and Gersik Village) and interviewed some informal leaders and relevant persons to explore traditional knowledge in Selat nasik Sub District. conducted meeting with informal leaders, community, fisherman, sub district staff, villages staff, teachers, to discuss the village agreement that have been gathered previously. conducted meeting with relevan stakeholders in Belitung District to discuss rules, regulations and decress which relevant with protection of marine resources in general and coral reef in detail. Prepared the Academic Report and Draft New Perda. 3.2 Resource Management Plan The activities have been done by consultant as follows: Gathered information with relevant to management plan in Belitung District. Conducted meeting with community in Selat Nasik Sub District to know how many group of fishermen, how many kind a fishing gear that have been used in Selat Nasik Sub District. Prepared the draft of Resource Management Plan. Conducted meeting with community in Selat Nasik Sub District to discuss the draft of management plan. The Draft New Perda and Draft of Resource Management Plan have been submitted to Local Government for correcting. The next step, consultant will presented Draft New Perda to Local Government on 9 April STRENGTHENING INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING PROCESS Strengthening information for decision making process which consists of a few activities, was aimed to provide input for the decision makers in the Selat Nasik Sub-District in particular and Belitung District in general. A real contribution for the decision makers is the data collected from socioeconomic survey and ecological survey. While marine resource information and training to recognize coral reef constitute a supporting knowledge. Strengthening information for decision making process consists of some activities, namely socioeconomic survey, ecological survey, marine resource information and training to get familiar with coral reef ecosystem. Implementation of this activities was started with socio-economic survey. As a follow up, a training to get familiar with coral reef and ecological survey was organized. Implementation of Strengthening information for decision making process are detailed below; 4.1 Socio-economic Survey The socio-economic survey was carried out in two terms. The first term was done in August Result of the survey have been able to represent the socio-economic condition of Selat Nasik Sub District. Data collected in this survey were applied as a basis for determining alternative income generation that would be appropriate for Selat Nasik Sub-District. The second term was carried out in July This second survey provided a description on the understanding of the community, teachers and elementary pupils on the benefit of coral reefs. The result shows that understanding of the community, teachers and elementary students on the benefit of coral reef were relatively high.

5 Page Ecological Survey The Coral Reef Survey was conducted by a team from RCO LIPI on May 2007 at 12 stations covering the waters of Selat Nasik Sub District. The result shows that the percentage coral cover are between 46.09% % with 69% average. The composition of fish major: target: indicator is 21:4:1. The benthic organisms were dominated by Fungidae, Sea urchin and Giant Clam (Tridacna). The mangrove survey was conducted on August 2007 at 6 stations covering the islands of Selat Nasik Sub District. Based on criteria from Ministry of Environment, the mangrove forest in Selat Nasik Sub District was categorized as good condition. 4.3 Introduction of Coral reef Ecology Training The training was conducted on April The aims of the training were to enhance skill and capability of participants in mastering the use of snorkel (diving with basic instrument) and the methodology to value the condition of the coral reef ecosystem and its associated biota. Output of the training were participants understand the benefit of coral reef and can use the basic diving equipment (masker, snorkel, fin). 4.4 Monitoring of Coral Reef Condition The Monitoring of Coral Reef Survey was conducted by the previous team from RCO LIPI on the end of March 2008 at 12 stations that have been done in last year. The result of monitoring still on process. 5. MONITORING CONTROLLING AND SURVEILLENCE Monitoring, Controlling and Surveillance constitutes an activity intended to control and protect coral reef in the waters of Selat Nasik Sub-District. The activity has been considered necessary since in the past years there have been many activities which destroyed coral reefs, such as coral harvesting, fishing with potassium, and mangrove cutting for fuel wood. Surveillance on coral reef can be differentiated into 2 activities, namely physical activity such as boat building and other non-physical excercises. Non-physical activity begins with constructing criteria to guide those who will be reef watchers. As soon as reef watchers are established, they are to take up on the job training that is to be organized soon. In the end the reef watchers carry out patrolling activities in the area agreed upon by the groups. 5.1 Produce Reef Watcher Boats Boats for the reef watchers were being prepared by Mr. Ali Mudin, a boat builder from Selat Nasik. It is expected to be finished in mid December In fact reef watcher boat was finished on the late of January Reef Watcher Training The training was conducted on April In this training participant learned how to read the sea map; use compass; make communication and make a report. 5.3 Implementation of Reef Watcher Patrol Patrol execution was carried out every month, starting from April 2007 until now. A regular meeting was done every month for evaluating activities. Result of observation shows that during the period the group observed fishermen suspected to use potassium to catch the fish; digging the coral reef. The reef watcher groups reminded them not to do the activities anymore. 6. ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD TO REDUCE CURRENT THREAT Contract for Alternative Livelihood in Kecamatan Selat Nasik, Belitung Regency has been signed on 4 June 2007 Number: 158/VI/COBSEA/2007 and conducted by Centre for Appropriate Technology Development. The Period of contract is from 4 June 2007 to 31 December 2007.

6 Page 5 The achievement have been done by consultant as follows: Report of An Inventory and assessment of the alternative income generation activities. The report have been submitted to PCU on March 2008 Manual best practice guideline of alternative income. The manual have been submitted on March The consultant have been prepared training equipment and delivered the equipment to Selat Nasik Sub District via ships; trained about 135 person from 4 villages. GOOD PRACTICES TO BE DOCUMENTED The book Pesisir dan laut kita (The coast and our seas) has been adopted as the book of local content for the elementary school of Selat Nasik. The Education Service of Belitung district considered it necessary to extend the use of the book to other elementary schools, but the printing process of the book will depend on the availability of local budget (APBD). Understanding on the usefulness and function of coral reefs by the coral reef watchers has been considered sufficient, and this can be spread out to other localities. The products of the craftsmen of Selat Nasik Sub-District have become popular and have been certified by the PIRT. But they need some financial support and supervision from the local government. PLAN AND SOLUTIONS FOR COMPLETION OF DEMONSTRATION SITE PROJECT To get some input for Draft New Perda and Draft of Resource Management Plan, meeting with local government will conduct on 9 April To hand-over website, we will conduct short training on 8 April Socio-economic monitoring to know the increasing income from alternative livelihood groups will start on 18 April 2008.

7 Page 6 INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL WISDOM TO DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT PLAN AND LEGISLATION 1. Project Title: Selat Nasik Coral Reef Demonstration Site, Belitung, Indonesia 2. Project Summary Selat Nasik Sub-District of the Belitung District, had been selected as Demonstration Site for Coral Reef Component under the UNEP GEF South China Sea project. The objective of this demonstration site is to develop continued coral reef ecosystem management so as to rehabilitate, protect and manage the ecosystem in order to increase community welfare and to reduce poverty. Activities in the demonstration site of Selat Nasik involved various stakeholders. In the District level, the activity was started with establishing a management board. Members of the management board came from various local institutions such as Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Bappeldada, Education Services, Tourism Services and NGOs. The management board organized routine meetings, discussed implementation activities and coordinated the site manager. At the Sub-District and Village levels, activities were to be started with launching activities which were to be carried out in February Other activities that followed would be promoting community awareness and education, legislation and resource management plan, information strengthening, MCS and alternative livelihood. Public awareness activities were to be implemented by doing several socializations and by distributing some 1000 T-shirts and 400 calendars to the Selat Nasik community. In the field of education the activities were to distribute 1400 guide books of local content Pesisir dan laut kita = The Coast and Our Sea to all the elementary school children in the Selat Nasik Sub-District. In addition was to organize a training for the teachers in using the book. And in coordination with the Education Service of Belitung District to prepare the syllabus. Control of coral reefs was done at a regular basis by 20 coral reef watchers. The reef watcher was equipped with 2 boats and each boat was equipped with a binocular and life jackets. The 20 reef watchers received a training on how to read map, do patrolling, preparing report, etc. Selection of reef watchers was the full responsibility of each village. Apart from that reef watchers were trained to evaluate the coral reefs in a simple way. Activities to strengthen information consist of socio-economic and ecological surveys. Result of socio-economic survey showed that community understanding on the important of coral reefs was quite significant. Apart from that the result of the survey provided information on the activities that could be done in line with alternative income generation. Result of ecological survey showed that coral reef condition in Selat Nasik was still good. The socio-economic survey ecological survey and results of previous studies were incorporated into website Alternative livelihood available to the Selat Nasik community was differentiated into 2, namely: improved product quality and introduction to new product. Quality improvement was suggested to crispy home industry and others. Some of them have attained PIRT (18 personnel).to introduce new products, the community was trained to prepare jerked fish (dendeng ikan), durian taffy (dodol durian), and others. Some 135 participants had taken part in the training of alternative livelihood. This activities also provided some equipment to each group of participants. Legislation activities and resource management plan have taken quite a long time. The activities were started with collecting data and organizing meetings with relevant stakeholders, such as: the Law Section of the local government of Belitung, Head of Sub-District, Chief of Village, prominent figures in the community, fishermen, etc. The concept of local government regulation on coral reef and resource management plan were compiled and discussed between the community and the local government of Belitung. 3. Description of issues and challenges Currently the hot issues occurring in the Selat Nasik waters are the followings:

8 Page Coral Mining Coral mining for housing foundation was still practiced by some people. However, according to the information from the reef watchers, the intensity of mining was significantly decreased since the SCS program was started. 3.2 Ornamental Fish Catching Catching ornamental fish is still being done by fishermen, mostly those from outside Selat Nasik Sub-District. In catching the fish, drug is quite often used. 3.3 The Use of Fish Trap Selat Nasik fishermen still using fish trap (bubu) to catch fish. This case is still difficult to prevent in view of the limited income of the fishermen. A more environmentally friendly fish trap should be developed. 3.4 Mangrove Cutting Mangrove cutting to obtain wood fuel still common in Selat Nasik Sub-District. Most commonly it is done by those whose profession is sea cucumber collector. However, the intensity of mangrove cutting was significantly decreased since the SCS program was started. 3.5 The Use of Pukat Kongsi (Trawl) Pukat kongsi (a kind of trawl) is still used in the waters around Selat Nasik waters, This instruments are potentially destructive to coral reefs. Most commonly this instruments are used by fishermen from outside Selat Nasik Sub-District. 4. Experience Since 1970 the community of Gersik village of Selat Nasik Sub-District have agreed to protect the marine resources. The agreement takes the form of preventing the use of certain catching instruments. The following are the content of the agreement: 1) Whoever want to do fishing in the Gersik waters must use the same instrument as the ones used by local fisherman; 2) Fisherman who are catching fish in the waters surrounding the Gersik village are forbidden to use search light. The agreement was started when the community of the Gersik village, who were mostly of Bugisrace, live in Gersik village. They mostly speciallise in line-fishing and they catch mackerel, snapper and other pellagic species. Apart from that they also own weir in the water nearby their houses. To safeguard the existing fish resources, they agreed that all fishermen that catch fishes in Gersik area must use the same equipment as the ones used by them. They believe if all fishermen follow this rule, their catch will more or less be appropriate. Therefore they will be very angry if someone catching fish using equipment like liftnet and search light. They believe the use of liftnet and search light would affect their catch. Up to the present time 6 quarrels have occurred between the community of Selat Nasik Sub- District and some outside fishermen. Action that had been taken by the Gersik fishermen were; Let the outside fishermen know that it is not allowed to fish in the waters surrounding Gersik village In case the outside fishermen would not listen, the Gersik people will stone them The most rude action will be to sink the boat and to drive the outsider away. According to the available information, in 1990s an agreement had been achieved between the Local Government of Belitung District with Local Government of South Bangka. According to the agreement, if the fishermen from South Bangka will catch fish in the waters of Gersik village, they must follow the regulation that have been developed by the Gersik fishermen.

9 Page 8 To date the agreement that have been made by the Gersik community on the use of fishing equipment have been followed by all fishermen, those from Selat Nasik as well as those from outside Selat Nasik Sub-District, or even from outside Belitung District. Some years later, a disagreement between fishermen of Gersik and Pongok occurred. Then a meeting was convened on April 30, 2003 in Belitung to settle down the dispute between the fishermen of Gersik village, Belitung District, and the fishermen of Pongok village, Bangka District, for the reason that the Pongok fishermen have violated the agreement that have been jointly agreed upon. The meeting agreed to adopt the followings: All disputes should be settled down in an amicable manner through discussion and not by force; Weir (rumpon) that is located close to the operational area of purse seine (paying) must be marked with a pole of 2 m high, so that it would be visible to fish trap (bagan) fishermen; Fish trap (bagan) is not allowed to operate in the area of weir; Fishermen of fish trap are to report to the Village s head or to the community chief before doing fishing; In the west season the waters surrounding Bakau Island, Karang Gading, Karang Air, Karang Delapan and Karang Berekam are open for the fishermen of paying as well as those of fish trap; In case violation occurs the actor will be prosecuted according to the existing law. Despite that another dispute between the fishermen of Gersik village and those of Lepar Pongok village occurred again in January 9, Based on the survey s result of coral reef condition in the waters of Selat Nasik carried out by the Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, it was apparent that the coral reefs in this area was still in good condition. The percentage living coral cover varied from 46.9% to 91.50%; the economically valuable benthic biota such as the Tridacnidae were still plentiful. Based on the above fact, it would be necessary that the agreement of the Selat Nasik community be included in the Resource Management Plan of Selat Nasik Sub-District. It represents an effort to protect existing coral reef. Furthermore, there is the need of Local Regulation to manage coral reefs and related ecosystem in the Belitung District. 5. Process of integration of local wisdom to develop and implement management plan and legislation To integrate the existing agreement of the Gersik village into the Resource Management Plan of Selat Nasik Sub-District there are some steps to be done. 5.1 Identification of Activities The first step is to collect data on socio-economy, ecology, management plan that already existed, and data from other relevant resources. Then a number of meetings should be organized with relevant stakeholders, such as the Village s Head, Head of the Sub-District, informal leaders and fisherman. 5.2 Proposed Draft of Resource Management Plan The second step is to prepare the draft of Resource Management Plan. In the draft the zonation of the Selat Nasik Sub-District was drawn. The red zones represent the areas that are completely protected. The yellow zones represent the limited use zones. While the green zones represent the areas that are open for all kinds of activities. It is on determining these various zones that community s aspiration are taken into consideration. 5.3 Public Consultation The third step is to organize a meeting with the community of the Selat Nasik Sub-District and invite input from them on the draft of management plan that has been developed.

10 Page Revision and Consultation with Local Government The fourth step will be to revise the draft, then present it to the local government for comment and discussion. Simultaneously with the development of the Draft of Resource Management Plan, it is also developed the Draft of Local Regulation on Coral Reef Management and other related ecosystems. One draft of the Local Government Regulation concerns with fish catching device. Currently legislation and Resorce Management Plan are still in the process of consultation with the local government of Belitung District point 5.4) 6. Potential for replication Development of local regulation (Perda) on the management of coral reefs had been done by several other districts in Indonesia. Therefore the potency of replication would be quite high. Nonetheless the phasing and the necessary timing for replication for each locality is quite different. 7. References Interviewing some stakeholders. 8. Contact person