Simple Machines Grade Level: 1-4 Teacher Guidelines Instructional Pages Activity Page Practice Page Homework Page Answer Key pages 1 2 pages 3 4 pages 5 page 6 page 7 page 8 9
Classroom Procedure: Approximate Grade Level: 1 4 1. Ask students: What kind of work have you done at home or in school? What are some things that helped make the work easier? 2. Allow for responses and discussion. Lead the conversation by asking such questions as: Did you use a broom or mop? Did you carry things in a cart? Did you pull things using a rope? And others.) 3. Demonstrate the use of very basic simple machine lie a paint brush, broom, etc. Ask students: Do you believe that this (blank) is a machine? Why do you think it is a machine? 4. Allow for responses and discussion leading to: Things that help you do work may be called a simple machine. 5. Distribute Simple Machines (1-4) content pages. Read and review the information with the students. Save the final question for the lesson closing. Use the additional resources to enhance understanding. 6. Distribute Activity page. Read and review all instructions. Encourage students to work together thinking about the invention first, and then to sketch a rough draft (receiving an OK) before they begin the final drawing. 7. Pair students. Remind students they will explain to the class how the invention works. Once all are completed, allow each pair of students to display the drawing and explain how the machine works. 8. Distribute Practice page. Check and review the students responses. (Class may work on the questions together aloud.) 9. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, check and review the matching definitions. Allow students to share examples of simple machines found in their home or neighborhood. Ask students which type of simple machine was the most difficult to find. 10. Allow for responses and discussion. 11. In closing, ask: Name a few simple machines you enjoy using, or do not like to use? Tell why? 12. Allow for responses and discussion. Objectives: The students will be able to define a simple machine and identify the six different types of simple machines, as well as name examples. Common Core State Standards: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.1.7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.7 Class Sessions (45 minutes): At least 2 class sessions. Teaching Materials/Worksheets: Simple Machines (1-4) content pages (2), Activity page, Practice page, Homework page Student Supplies: Large drawing paper or white construction paper, scratch paper, colored pencils, handouts Prepare Ahead of Time: Copy handouts. Options for Lesson: Students may work alone for the activity. Students may vote on their favorite simple machine invention. Distribute a variety of materials and supplies for students to build simple machines, and then to draw each machine they built, showing how it works. Take students outdoors to discover other simple machines. Invite a physicist to the class to speak to students about motion and simple machines. Use additional supplies to make more complex simple machines. A few days before the lesson, ask students to make a list of things they did at home to help make work easier. 1
Teacher Notes The lesson introduces students to a basic understanding of simple machines. It does not go into depth about mechanical advantage, effort, force, etc. The students should become aware of the simple machines that encounter each day though, and how machines help make work easier and sometimes faster. Depending on the grade level of your class, there are many other options available to enhance the students learning related to simple machines. Additional Resources: Content: http://www.mikids.com/smachines.htm http://idahoptv.org/sciencetrek/topics/simple_machines/facts.cfm http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/levers.shtml http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/simple-machines-games.html (Interactive) http://www.ducksters.com/science/simple_machines.php https://www.msichicago.org/play/simplemachines/ (Interactive) Worksheets: http://www.kidsdiscover.com/infographics/infographic-simple-machines/ http://www.education.com/worksheets/second-grade/physical-science/ http://www.studenthandouts.com/01-web-pages/bsa/201502/identify-six-simple-machines-worksheet.htm http://www.123homeschool4me.com/2015/03/simple-machines-printable-mini-book.html http://easyscienceforkids.com/simple-machines-worksheet-free-science-for-kids-hidden-words-puzzle-game-to-print/ http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mimik_uploads/lesson_plans/1220/2_simplemachinesmadesimple.pdf http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/science/simpmach/ Videos: http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/idptv11.sci.phys.maf.d4ksim/simple-machines/ (3 min) http://easyscienceforkids.com/all-about-simple-machines/ (6 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eblyvoknbnu (2 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd1n6myoeem (10 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgkq64zn1j0 (6 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynugbdswsm4 (3 min-song) 2
Simple Machines Do you ever work? Most likely you do. When you carry a box, ride a bike, push a chair, sweep the floor, or lift a chair, you are working. It is work because you are using energy. Work is the amount of energy you use to do something. Sometimes you work hard, which takes more energy; and then there are times the work is easy when you use less energy. A simple machine is a tool that does work, helps make work easier, and decreases the amount of energy needed to do the work. For example, a broom is an example of a simple machine. It is a tool. It helps make cleaning easier. It decreases the amount of energy needed to clean the floor. Imagine how much harder it would be to clean a floor without the use of a broom? It would take more work, time, and energy. There are many kinds of simple machines and they come in all sizes, shapes, and forms. Every day it is likely you use a simple machine to help you do some work. There are six basic types of simple machines. Type of Simple Machine Description Examples Inclined Plane Steep Slope = More Work Gentle Slope = Less Work No moving parts. It is often called a ramp. It helps move things between levels. More work necessary for a steep slope, but faster. A gentle slope will take more time but with less work involved. Wheelchair ramps, truck ramps used by movers, sliding boards in playgrounds, ladders, escalators, water park slides, package chutes, skateboard parks, walking paths. Wedge Screw A wedge is usually made by joining two inclined planes together. Thick on one end and thins out to a sharp edge at its tip. Usually includes a handle. It is used for cutting, splitting, scraping, or holding back or holding together. A very small simple machine is a screw which have ridges called threads that wind around it. Used to hold things together and it moves in a circular direction. A bolt is also a kind of screw. Door stoppers, axes, knives, snowplows, shovel-ends, your teeth, nails, screwdrivers, scissor blades, needles, ice picks, staples, push pins, tacks and jets have a wedge-shaped nose to help it move faster. All sizes of screws, bolts, and nuts, drill bits, jar or bottle lids, end of light bulbs, water faucets, hoses, some ink pens, gas tank caps on cars, usually anything that be tightened or loosened. 3
Type of Simple Machine Description Examples Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley It can be something as simple as a wooden board with a pivot or turning point called a fulcrum. It can freely move and rotate. Pushing down one end will cause the lever to move and lift a load. It is one of the most useful simple machines. It may be the oldest of all simple machines. Two parts work together. The force can be applied to the wheel, like turning a doorknob; or applied to the axle like a ceiling fan. Gears are special wheels with teeth, like on a bicycle. A pulley is a wheel with a groove in it, and a rope in the groove. It can be any size. It is used to lift or lower objects like the flag on a pole. Objects are tied to the end of the rope. There are different kinds of pulleys. See-saws or teeter-totters in a playground, hammer claws, wheelbarrows, fishing rods, your arms and legs, shovels, pliers, nail clippers, tweezers, ice tongs, bottle openers, boat oars, brooms. Screwdrivers, Ferris wheels, doorknobs, fans, bicycles, skateboards, motors, revolving doors, roller blades, cars, merry-go-rounds, or almost anything with wheels. Water wells, flag poles, window blinds, boats for raising/lowering sails, elevators, exercise equipment, garage doors, extension ladders, theater curtains, rock climbing. A simple machine does not do all the work on its own. A simple machine increases the push or pull the person uses, work or effort a person uses, and increase or decrease the distance or change direction of movement. In short, more work can be done using less energy and work. As you review the examples of the simple machines, you most likely use one or more of them nearly every day, like your arms and legs, which can be used as levers. Each of the simple machines make work easier and you use less energy. There are also machines that use a combination of the simple machines. For example, a bulldozer is made up of a wheel and axle, a wedge, and levers. Name a few simple machines you enjoy using, or do not like to use? Tell why? 4
Activity Name Date Instructions 1. Supplies: Colored pencils, scratch paper, drawing paper 2. You and your partner must invent a machine that includes using 2 of the 6 simple machines. 3. Cooperatively discuss some ideas before starting. 4. Use scratch paper for rough drafts of the invention before using the final drawing paper. 5. Your invention must correctly include and use 2 or more of the following machines: Inclined plane Lever Pulley Wheel and axle Wedge Screw 6. Use your imagination. Remember, the invention must make work easier. 7. Once you decide on a final idea and have made a rough draft of the invention on scratch paper, show it to the teacher. 8. If it is okayed, complete the final copy on the drawing paper. 9. What will your invention be called? 10. You may use the content pages to help you with the assignment. 5
Practice Name Date Circle the Simple Machine that correctly matches the example. Doorknob Door Stopper Nuts and Bolts Sliding Board Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Screw Wedge Pulley Wedge Wheel and Axle Screw Inclined Plane Screw Lever Inclined Plane Push Pin Drill Bit Ramp Broom Inclined Plane Lever Wedge Lever Wedge Pulley Inclined Plane Screw Screw Screw Screw Wedge Flag Pole See-Saw Sail Boat Ceiling Fan Wheel and Axle Wedge Pulley Screw Lever Lever Inclined Plane Wedge Pulley Screw Screw Wheel and Axle Ladder Arms and Legs Bicycle Lightbulb End Wedge Inclined Plane Screw Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Wedge Wedge Screw Lever Lever Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Shovel End Wheelbarrow Window Blinds Escalator Wedge Screw Wedge Wheel and Axle Wheel and Axle Wheel and Axle Pulley Inclined Plane Lever Lever Lever Lever Answer each question What is the amount of energy that you use when doing something? What is a tool that does work, and helps make it easier to do? True or False An object to help with work can include more than one type of simple machine. True or False A simple machine can do all of the work on its own. What kind of simple machine is your legs? 6
Homework Name Date Match the Simple Machine to its correct description Inclined Plane A. Used for cutting splitting, scraping, holding back or holding together. Wedge B. Oldest of all simple machines having two parts that work together. Screw C. Includes a fulcrum or turning point so it can freely move and rotate. Pulley D. Has ridges and threads and is used to hold things together. Lever E. Moves things between levels, steep equals faster, gentle slope equals less work. Wheel and Axle F. Wheel with a groove in it, and a rope in the groove, to lower or lift things. Review objects around your home or neighborhood. *Complete the chart. Type of Simple Machine Describe the object found at home or in the neighborhood. Why or how is it this type of simple machine? Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley *You may receive help from an older family member. 7
Practice Name Answer Key Date Circle the Simple Machine that correctly matches the example. Doorknob Door Stopper Nuts and Bolts Sliding Board Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Screw Wedge Pulley Wedge Wheel and Axle Screw Inclined Plane Screw Lever Inclined Plane Push Pin Drill Bit Ramp Broom Inclined Plane Lever Wedge Lever Wedge Pulley Inclined Plane Screw Screw Screw Screw Wedge Flag Pole See-Saw Sail Boat Ceiling Fan Wheel and Axle Wedge Pulley Screw Lever Lever Inclined Plane Wedge Pulley Screw Screw Wheel and Axle Ladder Arms and Legs Bicycle Lightbulb End Wedge Inclined Plane Screw Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Wedge Wedge Screw Lever Lever Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Shovel End Wheelbarrow Window Blinds Escalator Wedge Screw Wedge Wheel and Axle Wheel and Axle Wheel and Axle Pulley Inclined Plane Lever Lever Lever Lever Answer each question What is the amount of energy that you use when doing something? work What is a tool that does work, and helps make it easier to do? simple machine True or False An object to help with work can include more than one type of simple machine. True or False A simple machine can do all of the work on its own. What kind of simple machine is your legs? lever 8
Homework Name Answer Key Date Match the Simple Machine to its correct description Inclined Plane E A. Used for cutting splitting, scraping, holding back or holding together. Wedge A B. Oldest of all simple machines having two parts that work together. Screw D C. Includes a fulcrum or turning point so it can freely move and rotate. Pulley F D. Has ridges and threads and is used to hold things together. Lever C Wheel and Axle B E. Moves things between levels, steep equals faster, gentle slope equals less work. F. Wheel with a groove in it, and a rope in the groove, to lower or lift things. Review objects around your home or neighborhood. *Complete the chart. Type of Simple Machine Describe the object found at home or in the neighborhood. Why or how is it this type of simple machine? Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley 9