Low Voltage Products Enclosed Third Harmonic Filter and star Enclosed units Brochure S1GB 3_4 1SCC333C21
The Third Harmonic - a Growing Problem Today's electrical networks and plants are under much more stress than a decade ago. One reason for this is the increasing use of electric equipment that generate harmonics: in particular the third harmonic. This harmonic can generate exceptionally high neutral currents which can often exceed even the phase current. Equipment that generate harmonics: Fluorescent lighting systems Computers Welding equipment UPS Rectifiers TV monitors Microwave ovens 1,,, 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33-1, 1,,4 3. -,4, 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33-1, 1,,4 3. -,4, 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33 3 UPS -1, 1,,4, -,4, 3 6 9 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33 3. -1, 1, S1521A S248A, -1,, 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33 The third harmonics are accumulated in the neutral conductor. The Third Harmonic Causes Many Problems Problems are directly related to the harmonic content. The third harmonic found in the phase current appears neutral thus increasing the neutral current. See illustration above. In network: Overheating Increased power losses Poor quality of electricity Electromagnetic fields Malfunctions in earth fault control Failure in remote control systems In plants: Malfunction in electronics Damage to capacitors Power losses Increased magnetic fields Overload in neutral conductor Cable fires Abnormal temperature changes and noise in transformers uisance tripping in circuit-breakers Shorter life time 2 Low Voltage Products
The Solution- The Third Harmonic Filter star The third harmonic filter star removes the third harmonic current from the network. The third harmonic currents generated by the single phase loads flowing in the phase conductors sum up in the neutral conductor. The neutral current may be higher than the phase current. The filter mitigates the third harmonic current from the whole network from the luminances to the distribution panel, main switchboard up to the supply transformers medium voltage winding. The mitigation effect is the same both at the line and load side. The filtering application is patented. patented application S1528B Example on how Third Harmonic Filter effects on third harmonic currents. Transformer Transformer 21A _ 11A 13A 16A 32A 8A 6A 7A 21A Load Load Benefits of for lighting and mixed load Increased efficiency in low voltage network Reduction in transmission losses Increased loadability of the existing network and switchboards Lower temperature of cables, switchboards and transformers Elimination of third harmonic current in neutral and phase conductor S25A TS Increased efficiency in lighting appliance and pc-load Less power or more lighting Less maintenance Longer lifetime of the lamps and capacitors 3,5 3 2,5 Reduced Magnetic fields The reduction of third harmonic component of the current reduces the total magnetic field Diagram indicating an example of the total magnetic field spectrum typically in various locations 2 3,5 1 S1527A,5 Without With Diagram indicating the level of magnetic field with and without Third Harmonic Filter, Hospital building. Low Voltage Products 3
Selection and dimensioning of the product range Third harmonic filters star and The size of the -filters is selected according to the supply transformer or back up fuses. The protection unit needs to be used, in case the dimensioning exceeds the thermal rating of the filter. S1544A () The basis of dimensioning is that the filter withstands the 15Hz voltage and the fundamental neutral current generated by the phase unbalance. The star filters are tested according to the highest possible short circuit current or back up fuse. The filter is not suitable for applications including largely dimmer loads. Please consult with us. S1545A Installation to the transformer star point, enclosed filters and system components,star The new generation third harmonic filter star is designed for small size and economical solutions to places, which are especially exposed by third harmonic currents. The filter can be installed outdoor in vicinity of transformer stations, as retrofitting to existing transformer station or as additional field of main switchboard. It is recommended to install the filter star in conductor, whenever possible, equipped with appropriate protection unit 1S_. DIMESIOIG: According to the supply transformer PROTECTIO: Protection unit S1_S, 5Hz and 15 Hz measurement according to the mounting instruction etwork Rated current Transformer Enclosed Units System Input-Output Internal of the size components cable/ busbar connection to T-C, T-S transformer kva Indoor Outdoor IP the filter A IP3 IP34 8 1) 63 S5US1 S4A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 9 63 S63S1 S63U1 + 1_S conductors conductor S1544A () S63A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 125 1 S1S1 S1U1 + 1_S conductors conductor S1A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase 25 16 S16S1 S16U1 + 1_S conductors conductor 32 2 S16S1x2 S16U1x2 S63A1x2 Acc. to phase 33% of phase conductors conductor ote: System components in brochure S 2 GB Installation for distribution boards in T-S-system, enclosed filter and system components, filters are designed in T-S-systems to provide selective mitigation of isolated groups with local or central compensation. The is normally installed in the load side neutral output of UPS-devise. is dimensioned according to the group fuses. In case the dimensioning is below 1% it is recommended to use additional protection unit. The filter types 25...16V include guard units to keep track of the -current in the area of 4...1 A. DIMESIOIG: According to the group fuse- rated current = rated current of the fuse link PROTECTIO: Guard unit (_V), 15Hz measurement from -conductor of the group etwork Rated current Enclosed Units System Cross-section Internal of the components Input-Output connection to T-S group fuse Indoor IP3 IP cable the filter A mm 2 mm 2 25 25V 63B 6 63 63V 63B 16 125 125V 63B x 2 35 16 16V 63B x 3 5 25 125LV + 125 63B x 4 95 35 S1545A ote: System components in brochure S 2 GB 4 Low Voltage Products
Auto 18 17 1 2 A B A1 A2 18 17 1 2 A B A1 A2 4 2 A1 A2 6 8 1 4 2 6 8 1 1 2 A B 18 17 23V~ 5/6Hz SM 11523 23V~ 5/6Hz SM 11523 Aut 9 12 6 3 I O Enclosed third harmonic filters star, Ordering information Technical information S1552A FILTER BYBASS O OFF MS Enclosed third harmonic filters star Installation to transformer star point. The delivery includes protection unit, by-pass contactor and switch as well as the overload proof current transformer. Indoor use IP 3. Cabling from bottom or top Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Order Weight [kva] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar Code [kg] 5 8 15 x 36 x 12 2 x 15 mm 2 Cu S 5US1 1) 3 63 9 654 x 654 x 226 2 x 15 mm 2 Cu S 63S1 4 (max 4 cables) 1 145 654 x 654 x 226 4 x 15 mm 2 Cu S 1S1 52 (max 6 cables) 16 23 84 x 654 x 226 Busbar 2x1x12 S 16S1 65 6 x 15 mmm 2 Cu 1) Cabling from bottom S_S1 Outdoor use IP 34. Includes base element, cabling from bottom Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Weight [kva] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling / Busbar [kg] 63 9 15 x 36 x 12 2 x 15mm 2 Cu S 63U1 31 (max 4 cables) 1 145 15 x 72 x 12 4 x 15mm 2 Cu S 1U1 45 (max 6 cables) 16 23 15 x 72 x 12 Busbar 2x1x12 S 16U1 55 6 x 15 mmm 2 Cu S_U1 Example on 16kVA filter joints S1536A Reset R Strömberg OK ByPass Enclosed third harmonic filters Installation to T-S-system. Filter suitable for voltage 69V. Steel sheet enclosure. Group Connection Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse cable (Cu) (LxSxK) degree Code [A] [mm 2 ] [mm] [kg] Third harmonic filters including guard unit and by-pass contactor Current transformer of the relay, cable diameter max. 27 mm, is included in the delivery. 25 6 25x18x4 IP 3 25V 1SCA22388R7 19 63 16 4x23x6 IP 3 63V 1SCA22374R826 43 125 35 4x23x1 IP 3 125V 1SCA22374R834 76 125 95 and 15 4x23x14 IP 3 125LV 1SCA22378R619 83 16 5 and 7 8x23x1 IP 3 16V 1SCA22374R842 11 Third harmonic filters without guard unit and by-pass contactor Can be used parallel with V- and LV- types. 63 16 4x23x6 IP 3 63 1SCA22325R86 43 125 35 4x23x1 IP 3 125 1SCA22325R18 76 125 95 and 15 4x23x14 IP 3 125L 1SCA22358R91 83 16 5 and 7 8x23x1 IP 3 16 1SCA22325R124 11 OTE: 125 L include space for parallel connection of several filters. 63V S978A 1BS For increased protection of Protection unit Back up Terminals Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse (HxWxD) degree Code [mm 2 ] / Cu [mm] [kg] Open type 1A 2.5 19x35x15 IP 1BS 1SCA22457R756 4.6 1x4x15 1BSMS 1SCA22437R81 4.6 Enclosed 1A 2.5 4x35x15 IP44 1S 1SCA22468R936 15 (Sheet steel) Current transformers 5/6Hz Error R Reset OK ByPass 5/6Hz 15/18Hz 15/18Hz Error Current Overload Type Order ratio value code S977A 25/1 8A KORE 6F1-25/1 1SCA22458R426 Strömberg 1S Low Voltage Products 5
Enclosed third harmonic filters star Installation to the transformer star point The third harmonic filters star are installed in the neutral- or -conductor between the unearthed transformer star point and the neutral busbar of the distribution board. All neutral and earth currents need to be conducted through the current transformer of the protection unit. The protection unit is connected to reliable auxiliary voltage source. S_ 1 A S161A I O Protection unit 23 VAC 3 X 1,5 mm 2 TRASFORMER IPUT OUTPUT MAI DISTRIBUTIO BOARD () Installation of star filters in transformer circuits in T-C system In T-C -system the star filter is installed in the transformer star point. There must be no earthing between the starpoint of the transformer and the incoming terminal of star filter. S1522A Incorrect installation Because of earth current, star filters cannot be installed in the conductor of a four-conductor system. Incorrect installation Earthing is allowed only after star filter. Approvals SGS-FIMKO Oy' s certification on use in neutral conductor. o standards available sofar. Approval in EU area acc. to CEELEC Memorandum 7. CE certificate Standards IEC 439-1 + IEC 76-1 IEC 289 IEC 831-1/2 6 Low Voltage Products
Protection unit The purpose of the protection unit is to limit the fundamental unbalance current, protect star for overloading and to detect the increased third harmonic current due to network failure or failure of star. The protection unit 1_S and current transformer are included in the delivery. The protection unit include 5Hz and 15Hz measurement circuits. The current transformer need to be installed so that all neutral and vagabonding currents pass through it to the star point of the transformer. In case of failure the protection unit is closing the by-pass contactor of the filter. S985A I > K1 Installation of star in the star points of parallel transformers or generators star is installed between points A and B. The isolation resistance after the point B needs to be measured over R e > 5 kω. The filters in both star points, -conductors- need to be controlled simultaneously. Alternative ways of installation: D GE. A1 A2 A1 A2 B1 B2 B1 B2 A S982A S983A S984A B Low Voltage Products 7
Installation of filter for distribution boards T-S -system T-S -system In T-S system the filter can be installed in the neutral conductor. The network must be a pure T-S system. Fault current monitoring is recommended. Before the installation the state of T-S-system shall be verified by measuring the isolation resistance in the poles where is to be installed. It is advisable to install the filter in the transformer star point even in T-S-system. In that case there is no 15 Hz voltage between and. See installation of star filter for transformer circuits on page 6. SUPPLY ETWORK UPS L BATTERY ~ = ~ = STATIC BYPASS SWITCH S1523A MAUAL BYPASS SWITCH In T-S system the neutral and shall be connected in one point only, when the filter is installed in the neutral conductor, there cannot be any connections between and in the loadside. S118A UPS ETWORK L Installation example UPS. -filter is installed in the load side output terminal of the neutral conductor. Selection of filter for distribution boards in the T-S-system The filter is installed in the neutral conductor. A filter is sized according to the distribution board or the fuse, which is supplying the group. The basis of the factory dimensioning of the filter is the fact that a filter installed in the neutral conductor bears, in addition to the 15 Hz current, a 5 Hz component which may reach 1 % of the phase current (fully asymmetrical load). Size of Recommended cable size of neutral conductors feeding Quantity & Type eutral Cables between fuse conductor filters in-out Cross section [A] Cross section 25 1 x 25V 6 mm 2-63 1 x 63V 16 mm 2-125 1 x 125V 35 mm 2-16 1 x 16V 5 mm 2-2 1 x 16V + 1 x 63 7 mm 2 16 mm 2 8 Low Voltage Products
Guard unit The -units for T-S-system include guard unit (_V). The purpose of guard unit is to supervise the network condition by measuring the level of the current of the -conductor of the group. In case the -current exceeding the set level in the area of 4A 1A, the guard unit closes the by-pass contactor of and can give an alarm. If increased protection is needed, the group fuse is bigger than the rated current of the filter, or in case of large cable diameters, the -filters can be provided with an extra protection unit and current transformer. In those cases the star is recommended. The protection unit is controlling the by-pass contactor of the in case of large 5 Hz current or when the 15Hz current exceeds the set limit. The current transformer is installed in the -conductor alt. the -conductor depending on the installation. S1536A Reset R Aut Strömberg OK ByPass equipped with quard unit. equipped with optional protection unit. _V 1A GUARD star Protection unit 1A K1 S1525A S1524B installed in neutral conductor of T-S system equipped with quard unit. Measurement from conductor. star filter installed in neutral conductor of T-S system equipped with optional protection unit. Measurement from and conductors. Connection example: filter with guard unit 25V 63V 125V 16V 125LV F1 1A S1 K2 9 S2 8 I > t 6 S2 21 R 22 5 S1 Aut. 7 1 3 2 4 1 3 5 F1 1A 1 K2 1 K11 2 S1 9 S2 8 I > t 6 S2 21 R 22 5 S1 Aut. 7 1 3 2 4 13 21 1 3 5 S1533A K1 14 22 3 4 2 OK 2 4 6 Load Load Load S1534A K1 A1 A2 K11 A1 A2 14 22 3 4 2 1 ByPass OK 2 4 6 Load Load Load Low Voltage Products 9
I O Specification of harmonic filter Example star Type: S 16 S1 Rated voltage: 4V Dimensioning according to the transformer size:16 kva Removes the third harmonic current from the phase and neutral conductor Dimensioning current/ Max continuous current: 225A/ 8A Dimensioning voltage: 4V 15Hz The filter allows subsequent increasing of the harmonic load without retrofitting Short circuit dimensioning according to max. available short circuit The filter is stand along type and not influencing on the power factor compensation The filter is not influencing on carrier- wave-line. Main incoming breaker: Max. time delay:,2 s Terminations: Max six cables of 3mm 2 The filter is equipped with by-pass switch for commisoning S1552A FILTER BYBASS O OFF MS Stand along enclosure: indoor use IP3 outdoor use IP34 Accommodation: In the vicinity of transformer station Retrofitting to the transformer station In the main switchboard The star removes typically 95% of the third harmonic current from the whole network from line and load side independent of the magnitude of the third harmonic current. For example the neutral current reduces from 45A down to 25A and in the phase conductors from 15A to 1A. The same mitigation prevails in the whole network from the transformer windings to the lamps and computers. The magnetic field from the construction and earthing wiring reduces typically by 5% due to mitigation of the vagabonding currents ( 5% of magnetic field usually of 15 Hz origin). The iron, copper and resistance losses reduce the temperature and noise level of the supply transformer doubling the lifetime of the transformer by every 8 degrees C. The filter reduces the resistance losses (I 2 R) For example: Before: (45A) 2 x,1 Ω = 225 W Filter installed: (25A) 2 x,1 Ω = 62,5 W The filter include protection unit, which limit the 5Hz unbalance current and 15Hz fault current Check star filters Installation and commissioning: The installation of star is in theory easy but in practice certain points have to be checked : Ensure by measurement that there is no parallel current path to the filter Check up also the possible influence of parallel transformers or generators Ensure that the filter is installed in the right location. The neutral conductor from the star point of the transformer is the recommended place. Check up that the current measurement is right. The CT shall always measure the sum of all neutral and earth currents of the network. Check up the relay setting of the protection unit. Check up that there is no largely dimmer loads. Read mounting instruction 341S 1 Low Voltage Products
Installation examples T-S-system, where the original cabling to the transformer star point need to be displaced to fundamentally same position in the -conductor of the main switchboard. star installation. Transformer X -S S Main switchboard X S1541B Main earthing busbar Earthing electrode Concrete iron fitting Water meter T-C-S system Alternative installation examples when using star with protection unit(_s) or with guard unit(_v). Transformer -S S Main switchboard 1) -S S/ Distribution switchboard S1543B -V -V Earthing busbar of transformer station Main earthing busbar Distribution swtichboard Earthing electrode Concrete iron fitting Water meter T-S system Alternative installation example when using star with protection unit(_s) or with guard unit(_v). Transformer -S S Main switchboard 1) -S S/ Distribution switchboard S1542B -V -V Earthing busbar of transformer station Main earthing busbar Distribution swtichboard 1) In this installation model, the current transformer need to measure both - and -current, unless additional guard unit is used. S1549A S Earthing electrode Concrete iron fitting Water meter Low Voltage Products 11
The technical data and dimensions are valid at the time of printing. We reserve the right to subsequent alterations. Brochure S1GB 3_4 1SCC333C21 Waasa Graphics Oy, Vaasa Finland ABB Oy Low Voltage Products P.O. Box 622 FI-6511 VAASA, Finland Telephone +358 1 22 11 Telefax +358 1 22 4578 www.abb.com/lvswitches The operations of the manufacturing plant have been certified.