A Digital Camera Glossary Ashley Rodriguez, Charlie Serrano, Luis Martinez, Anderson Guatemala PERIOD 6
A digital Camera Glossary Ivan Encinias, Sebastian Limas, Amir Cal
Ivan encinias Image sensor A silicon chip(cmos or CCD tech) that captures the picture or video you re shooting. An image sensor or imaging sensor is a sensor that detects and conveys the information that constitutes an image.
Light metering modes The most typical meeting modes are spot, In which a smaller cluster of sensors in the middle of the frame determines the amount of light falling on the subject; center weighted, which measures half the light from the spot and half from the corners and averages them; and matrix meeting, which measures a number of points throughout the frame and averages them. Light metering modes has modes.
Live view A feature built in almost all digital cameras and video cameras that allows the user to preview the subject on an electronic screen or in a electronic viewfinder in real time before snapping a photo or starting to record video. I was living viewing cows.
Megapixel A pixel, also called a picture element, is the smallest part of a image that can display full color. Even the smallest image sensors now creates images with million of pixels, known as megapixels. A higher number of megapixels is not necessarily better; it simply refers to the amount of detail that can be recorded, not the quality or accuracy of the image itself. This Mega phagot photo has megapixels.
Ivan encinias Interval photography A setting on a camera that lets the photographer have the camera take photos or videos at regular intervals. Typically from once per second to once per hour. I set up the camera to take Interval photography so i could see all the motion light.
Ivan Encinais JPEG The default camera setting to render an image to a jpeg. The name is short for Joint Photographic experts group. Its is data compressed to an image. The JPEG settings were what was set on the camera to take the pic
Ivan encinias Light metering The practice of measuring the light of an object to determine the exposure when this happens the camera automatically sets the right exposure. When trying to find the right exposure setting you have to have the light metering adjustment to help set it.
a.c Memory Card 1. A tiny/flat,solid-state electronic device that records digital data. I use a memory card to keep pictures in it.
a.c Mirrorless Camera 1. An advanced type of digital camera with an interchangeable lens system that eschews the mirror viewfinder system found in DSLRs in order to be smaller and lighter. A mirrorless Camera is a advanced type of digital camera.
a.c Micro 4/3 This is an usage of the 4/3 sensor format (originally used in DSLRs) for mirrorless cameras.
1-INCH SENSOR A RELATIVELY LARGE IMAGE SENSOR USED IN ADVANCE, COMPOUND NIKON, SONY, SAMSUNG DIGITAL CAMERAS. IT S ONLY 13% THE SIZE OF FULL-FRAME SENSOR FOUND IN PRO CAMERAS BUT MUCH BIGGER THAN YOU GET IN A STANDARD POINT-AND-SHOOT OR CELLPHONE CAMERA. Canon has recently released new camcorders with 1-inch sensors.
4/3 FORMAT A CAMERA FORMAT BASED ON A SENSOR WITH A 4 X 3 RATIO THAT ALLOWS FOR INTERCHANGEABLE BODIES AND LENSES AMONG SEVERAL MANUFACTURERS. OLYMPUS AND PANASONIC ARE THE MAIN MAKERS OF 4/3 FORMAT BODIES, WHILE FIVE OTHER COMPANIES (INCLUDING LEICA AND SIGMA) PRODUCE LENSES. Micro 4/3 cameras have become an extremely popular topic of discussion because they are smaller and lighter than most DSLRs.
4/3 SENSOR A 4 x 3 ASPECT-RATIOS SENSOR THAT S ROUGHLY ONE-QUARTER THE SIZE OF 53MM FILM FRAME. 4/3 sensor cameras tend to be smaller than cameras that use the larger sensor.
APERTURE PRIORITY A MODE AVAILABLE ON NEARLY ALL ADVANCED AND SOME POINT-AND-SHOOT DIGITAL CAMERAS THAT ALLOWS THE USER TO SET A SPECIFIED APERTURE VALUE (IN F-STOPS. THE CAMERA AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTS THE SHUTTER SPEED TO ACHIEVE THE PROPER EXPOSURE FOR THE SELECTED APERTURE. Aperture priority mode gives you control over depth of field when shooting photographs.
APS-C ADVANCED PHOTO SYSTEM-CLASSIC IS AN IMAGE SENSOR ROUGHLY ONE-THIRD TO ONE-HALF OF THE SIZE OF A 35MM FRAME OR FILM, OR FULL-FRAME SENSOR. APS-C IMAGE SENSORS ARE USED IN MOST CONSUMER-LEVEL DSLRS AND IN MANY MIRRORLESS CAMERAS. The APS-C format is the one most commonly found in digital SLR, mirrorless and compact systems cameras.
BACKSIDE ILLUMINATED SENSOR OFTEN ABBREVIATED AS BI OR BSI, IT S A TYPE OF IMAGE SENSOR DESIGNED TO ABSORB MORE LIGHT IN DIM CONDITIONS. BSI IS USUALLY FOUND IN SMALLER SENSORS, SUCH AS THOSE IN SOME NIKON AND SAMSUNG MIRRORLESS CAMERAS, SONY POINT-AND SHOOT CAMERAS AND VARIOUS SMARTPHONES, SUCH AS NEW APPLE IPHONE AND SAMSUNG GALAXY S MODELS. Backside illuminated sensor (BSI) is an imaging sensor for digital cameras.
BIT DEPTH THE LEVEL OF GRADUATION USED TO DEFINE A SHADE OF DARK OR LIGHT. HIGHER BIT DEPTH ALLOWS MORE ACCURACY AND FIDELITY OF CAPTURED IMAGES, AND ALLOWS FINER ADJUSTMENTS WHEN EDITING. MOST POINT-AND-SHOOT CAMERAS CAPTURE 10-BIT OR 12-BIT IMAGES, WHILE BETTER DLSRS AND MIRRORLESS CAMERAS CAPTURE AT 12-BIT OR 14-BIT Bit depth refers to the color information stored in an image.
BRACKETING SETTING A CAMERA TO AUTOMATICALLY TAKE TWO TO SIX QUICK SHOTS WITH A CHANGE IN A SINGLE SETTING TO INCREASE THE CHANCE OF GETTING A PERFECT SHOT. THE MOST COMMON KIND OF AUTO-BRACKETING IS EXPOSURE BRACKETING, BUT ISO, WHITE BALANCE, FLASH AND FOCUS CAN ALSO BE BRACKETED IN MANY CAMERAS. Bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.
CCD SHORT FOR CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE, A CCD IS A SENSOR TYPE THAT READS DATA IN A WAY THAT AVOIDS THE STUTTERING OR DISTORTED LOOK OF FAST MOTION IN VIDEO THAT RESULTS ON SOME CAMERAS. CCD SENSORS WERE ONCE THE MOST COMMON IN DIGITAL CAMERAS, BUT THE AFFORDABILITY AND HIGHER QUALITY OF CMOS IMAGE SENSORS FOR STILL PHOTOGRAPHY HAS ALLOWED THEM TO MOSTLY REPLACE CCD SENSORS. CCDs are sensors used in digital cameras and video cameras to record still and moving images.
CHROMATIC ABERRATION ALSO KNOWN AS COLOR FRINGING, THIS DISTORTION APPEARS WHEN THE CAMERA LENS FAILS TO FOCUS ON ALL COLORS WHERE TWO POINTS OF HIGH CONTRAST MEET (SUCH AS WHERE THE DARK ROOF OF A BUILDING MEETS THE SKY). Chromatic aberration can be corrected by using Photoshop.
CMOS SHORT FOR COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR, CMOS IS NOW THE MOST POPULAR TYPE OF IMAGE SENSOR AND CAN BE FOUND IN EVERYTHING FROM CELLPHONES TO PRO DSLRS. IT S LOW-LIGHT SENSITIVITY AND ABILITY TO PROVIDE LIVE PREVIEW AND VIDEO CAPTURE TO DSLRS HAVE MADE IT EXTREMELY POPULAR. CMOS is the semiconductor technology used in the transistors that are manufactured into most of today's computer microchips.
CONTRAST DETECTION AUTOFOCUS THIS AF TECHNOLOGY USES LIGHT SENSORS BEHIND THE LENS, USUALLY ON THE IMAGING CHIP ITSELF, TO MEASURE WHEN CONTRAST IS AT ITS GREATEST POINT, WHICH CORRESPONDS TO MAXIMUM SHARPNESS. IT S GENERALLY SLOWER THAN ARRIVAL TECHNOLOGY, PHASE DETECTION. CONTRAST DETECTION AF IS FOUND IN MOST POINT-AND-SHOOT, CELLPHONE, BRIDGE, AND MIRRORLESS CAMERAS, AS WELL AS IN VIDEO CAMERAS. DSLRS ALSO USE CONTRAST DETECTION WHEN THEY SHOOT IN LIVE VIEW VIDEOS. Contrast-detection autofocus is achieved by measuring contrast within a sensor field through the lens.
A Digital Camera
Crop factor Originally, lenses on SLRs were designed to cover a full frame of 35mm film (1 x 1.5 inches), but most DSLR and mirror less camera image sensors are smaller than a frame of 35mm film. When this occurs, the image they capture is cropped to the center of the image, effectively producing a higher level of zoom. Most of the dominant APS C sensors, for example, have a 1.5X crop factor. A 50mm lens that works for portraits on a high end camera with a full frame sensor would be the equivalent of a slight telephoto 75mm lens on an APS C camera. Crop factor is the difference between your camera sensors size and a traditional 35mm film frame.
DSLR The successor to the film SLR, a digital single lens reflex camera uses a movable mirror along with a prism or additional mirrors to reflect an image from the lens into a viewfinder, so you can accurately frame and focus your shots. When you press the shutter button, the mirror flips up, allowing light to pass from the lens onto the image sensor, which records the photo. A digital single lens reflex that combines optics.
Electronic Viewfinder (EVF) Unlike traditional DSLRs that use a mirror to reflect the image up to your eye, an electronic viewfinder is a tiny, high definition LCD or OLED screen that provides a preview directly from the image sensor. It is found in some mirror less and bridge cameras. A high definition screen that shows a image.
Exposure compensation In complex lighting situations, your camera's light metering system may result in pictures that are too bright or too dark. Adjusting the exposure compensation setting allows you to make images brighter or darker without having to resort to manual mode. Camera that adjust to the light can be changed in settings.
Face recognition Many cameras have the ability to recognize a person's face (or multiple faces) when you're shooting a portrait, group shot or other scene, and set those as the points for optimal focus and exposure. The camera recognizes the subject.
Flash modes Your camera's built in or external flash has a variety of settings, or modes, that help you perfectly illuminate your picture. TTL (through the lens) is the default mode, allowing your camera's processor to read the light when the flash comes on, and cut it off at the correct instant so it won't be underexposed or overexposed. Red eye mode fires a brief light before taking the actual shot, to force your subject's pupils to constrict so they won't reflect red from their retinas back into the photo. Other modes include rear curtain sync, which fires late, to freeze the front of a moving subject while leaving a slight trailing blur behind it, and front curtain sync, which does the opposite. A bright light that occurs when a picture is taken.
Focal length An optical measurement that determines how much of what you see in front of you is captured by your camera's lens. A short focal length, such as 24mm, captures wide angle; a long focal length, such as 100mm, is telephoto. A "normal" focal length (50mm on a full frame or film camera) roughly approximates how far away things appear to the naked eye. Focal length does not describe the physical size of the lens itself, but rather refers to its magnification. Captures the surroundings in depth of your subject.
Full frame High end DSLRs' and mirrorless cameras' image sensors are the same or nearly the same size as a standard 35mm frame of film, hence the name "full frame" sensors. The focal length of lenses on smaller cameras is often translated into full frame equivalents in order to make comparisons. The camera captures the full image.
HD video Most new digital cameras are capable of recording high definition video, at a resolution of at least 1280 x 720 pixels (720p). Increasingly more cameras can capture video at 1920 x 1080 pixels, known as 1080p or full HD. And some can even capture video at 3840 x 2160 pixels, known as 4K or Ultra HD. A high quality video with high resolution.
HDMI The High Definition Multimedia Interface is the most common cable and port for transmitting HD video and digital audio between consumer devices such as game consoles, set top boxes and HDTVs. Many digital cameras have a mini HDMI jack that allows them, with an adapter cable, to send HD video directly to a TV. A cable that transmits videos or audio.
High dynamic range Most digital camera image sensors cannot capture the full range of brightness (i.e., from shadow to highlights by midday sun) that the human eye can. HDR helps capture that range of brightness by taking several quick shots of the same scene, but with slightly different exposure settings, and then combining them. Allows the camera to not capture unnecessary lighting.
Histogram The histogram is a visual representation of how the highlights and shadows are distributed in your scene, with the edges representing the extreme highlights on the right and shadows on the left. Ideally, it should display as a bell curve, with most of the scene falling in a middle level of brightness. A histogram skewed toward the light or dark side of the range can indicate if your picture will be too contrasty, dark, flat or overexposed. Many cameras can display a histogram in the image preview so you can adjust settings beforehand. The image playback mode on the camera, as well as photo editing programs, often display the histogram as a guide to the edits that will improve the look of the photo. Demonstrates the shadows in images.