Agriculture Sources at the Hocken Collections

Reference Guide Agriculture Sources at the Hocken Collections Ryan s threshing mill, Waitahuna district, c.1910. Original lent by Miss V. Potts, Lawrence. Photographs Collection, S04-305b. Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library

Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a researcher lounge off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research This guide gives examples of the types of material relating to New Zealand agriculture held at the Hocken. All items must be used within the library. As the collection is large and constantly growing not every item is listed here, but you can search for other material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search Ketu. The advanced search https://goo.gl/hvntqh gives you several search options, and you can refine your results to the Hocken Library on the left side of the screen. The Library Search Guide https://otago.libguides.com/ketuhelp contains helpful tips and assistance for using Library Search Ketu; for pictures, photographs and archives and manuscripts, use Hākena http://hakena.otago.ac.nz The Hākena Search Help Guide http://otago.libguides.com/hakena contains helpful tips and assistance for using Hākena; 2

some of the photographs from the Pictorial Collections are available for viewing online via Hocken Snapshop at http://hockensnapshop.ac.nz/. Some other photographs and artworks can be viewed at http://otago.ourheritage.ac.nz/. If you have any enquiries about ordering or other research questions please ask the reference desk staff they will be happy to assist you. 3

Contents General 5 Tracing land holdings.. 8 Stock and station firms.. 11 Agricultural machinery. 11 Rural societies and institutions 12 Government and agriculture 13 Pictorial collections 14 4

General The Hocken has extensive holdings relating to agriculture, particularly in the Otago and Southland regions. Archives We hold the historic records of a number of farms and runs. Examples include: Preston family papers [ARC 0435]. The Preston family have owned and managed sheep runs and farms in Otago and Southland since the 1850s. This large collection includes material relating to several different properties, as well as the family s involvement in other activities, including local body politics. Ida Valley Station records [MS 0658]. This collection covers the period 1863 to 1957 and includes farm diaries, accounts, letterbooks and shearing tallies. Ramsay family papers [AG 680]. Consists mostly of diaries for the Ramsay family farm in Hyde, for 1894 and 1910 to 1929. Bryce Brothers papers [MS 0615]. Includes diaries, accounts and catalogues from the Bryce brothers farm at Lovells Flat, dating from the 1870s to 1910s. Harwood family papers [ARC 0420]. Octavius Harwood ran the store at the Weller Brothers whaling station, and farmed on the Otago Peninsula. These papers include material relating to the family s farming enterprises. For further records of the Harwoods, see ARC 0055. For other archives relating to farming, try the following subject searches on Hākena, the pictures, photographs, archives and manuscripts catalogue: Agriculture Farm life Runs and runholding Shepherds Rural women Sheep farming Dairy farming Wool trade and industry Wool brokers and industry Meat industry and trade For farm diaries we have many of these try a record type search for Diary Farm. 5

Publications We have many books and pamphlets relating to New Zealand farming. Try searching Library Search Ketu for the subject which interests you. Many general subjects have geographical sub headings, for instance: Dairy farming New Zealand Waikato Farmers New Zealand Southland Biography Sheep New Zealand Canterbury Please note that the Library of Congress cataloguing system used at the University of Otago uses the term ranch rather than run, so items may be catalogued under the following terms: Sheep ranchers Sheep ranches Ranches We have a large collection of newspapers, especially for the Otago and Southland regions. These include many agricultural reports. Some older newspapers are available on microfilm, and others in hard copy check Library Search Ketu for our holdings. Many newspapers are now available digitally on the National Library of New Zealand s PapersPast website at https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/. This has the great advantage of being searchable. We also have a large collection of New Zealand journals and magazines. Major agricultural periodicals in our collection include: New Zealand country journal (1877 1898) New Zealand dairy exporter (1940 1981, some gaps) New Zealand journal of agriculture (1910 1988) Rural news (1991 2007, some gaps) For others, try a subject search on Library Search Ketu for: Agriculture New Zealand Periodicals Farm life New Zealand Periodicals Or try a more specific search, for example: Dairying New Zealand Periodicals 6

Sheep breeds New Zealand Periodicals For maps and plans, try a keyword search on Library Search Ketu for the district which interests you and refine your results to Maps. We have a number of specialist maps, such as farm location maps see the advice below under Tracing land holdings. Archives New Zealand also holds a large number of maps http://archives.govt.nz/sites/default/files/maps_and_plans.pdf and many are gradually becoming available online via Archway https://www.archway.archives.govt.nz/. Ephemera and Posters We have ephemera and posters relating to agriculture, including Agricultural and Pastoral Association Annual Show posters and advertising matter for various agricultural firms. The ephemera and posters collections are not listed on our public catalogues but are generally arranged by subject please ask the reference desk staff for assistance. 7

Tracing land holdings Many researchers wish to locate information on farms or land owned by a particular person or family. Official government records relating to land ownership are held by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and Archives New Zealand. Archives New Zealand Dunedin Regional Office holds, for example, records of Otago crown grants, a runs register and the Otago and Southland land transfer registers and indexes. The Hocken has a number of other resources which may assist you to trace land ownership or the history of a particular property. Return of the Freeholders of New Zealand (1884). Wellington: Government Printer. This is available, in 3 volumes, in the ready reference area. It lists owners of freehold land as at October 1882, arranged alphabetically by surname. For country lands, it includes the county, area in acres and value of the land. For borough or town lands, it includes the name of the borough and value of the land. Electoral rolls. From 1853 to 1879 there was a property qualification for voters they had to own or lease land over a set value. The electoral rolls therefore state the location and description of property owned or leased by all voters. The amount of information varies, but if the property was freehold it may include the legal description and/or the number of acres and/or the property name. From 1879 the property qualification was removed and all men were entitled to vote (women did not obtain the vote until 1893) the information describing property was no longer included in electoral rolls. The electoral rolls are available on microfiche in the ready reference area. You will need to have some idea of the region to narrow down your search check the New Zealand electoral atlas (also in the ready reference area) for the names and boundaries of electorates, which varied over time. Some early Otago electoral rolls have been indexed as part of the Otago Nominal Index, which can be searched online at http://marvin.otago.ac.nz/oni/basic.php. Electoral rolls for the period 1853 1981 are also available to browse (some have been indexed and are searchable) on the Ancestry database (available on any of the public computers in the library). Rates and valuation records. We hold the archives of a number of Otago local authorities (the Dunedin City Council has its own archives). The following records in our collection include rating and/or valuation records which may help you locate a property: Balclutha Borough Council Clutha County Council Hampden Borough Council Kaitangata Borough Council Lawrence Borough Council 8

Milton Borough Council Palmerston Borough Council Queenstown Borough Council Tuapeka County Council Vincent County Council The information in these books varies, but they often include the name of the owner, district, section and block number, number of acres and rateable value. Some books are arranged geographically, and others alphabetically by name of owner within each district. A few have access restrictions. See Hākena for details of our holdings and any restrictions. Directories. We have a large collection of historic directories. Our holdings of Otago and Southland directories are the most complete, but we do hold some for other regions as well. These are useful for identifying which district a person lived in, though they do not give the exact location of properties. They only list the head of the household. Many directories include a section organised by surname, as well as a section organised by location. A list of our Otago and Southland directories is available in the ready reference area; for other regions check Library Search Ketu. Some early Otago directories have been indexed as part of the Otago Nominal Index, which can be searched online at http://marvin.otago.ac.nz/oni/basic.php. Directories for 1866 1955 are available to browse on the Ancestry database (available on the public computers). Cyclopedia of New Zealand. This was published between 1897 and 1908 in 6 volumes (Wellington; Auckland; Canterbury; Otago and Southland; Nelson, Marlborough and Westland; Taranaki, Hawke s Bay and Wellington). Each volume is arranged geographically and includes a nominal index. The entries for rural districts often include a brief description of farming in the area. Individuals and families (who paid to be included) provided their own biographical information. The Cyclopedia is available in our ready reference area, and can also be viewed online via the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre at http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei corpus cyclopedia.html. Tait, G.A. (Ed.) (1957 61). Farms and stations of New Zealand. Auckland: Cranwell Publishing. A three volume record of New Zealand farms and stations of this period. Gives the names of current owners, and sometimes a history of the development of the property. Includes numerous photographs. Request via Library Search Ketu. Farm location maps. From the 1960s to 1990s farm location maps were produced by service clubs or fundraising committees in many districts of New Zealand. These generally name the owners of properties. A newer series of farm location maps, covering most of rural New Zealand, has been published by Arcadia Marketing, starting in 2004. Check Library Search Ketu with a keyword search for farm location map, or try the subject headings Farms location New Zealand or Land tenure New Zealand maps. These subject searches will also direct you to other maps which may help locate land holdings, such as the Otago Land District series, which generally show blocks of land available often due to new subdivision for sale or lease. Sometimes these note the 9

names of properties and existing landowners. If you have the official description of the land such as block number you may be able to locate it on a map. Try search on Library Search Ketu using the name of the district and map. Early pastoral runs of Otago and Southland. This resource, compiled by J.G. Sinclair in 2003, is available at the reference desk. It lists the early runs by name and by number and includes a map showing location for each run. The names of runholders are noted at the bottom of each map. Also available at the reference desk is Sinclair s Who was who in Otago, which includes brief biographies of runholders. Runholding histories. The following books, available on the ready reference shelves, are a useful place to start when tracing the history and ownership of pastoral runs: Beattie, Herries (1947). Early runholding in Otago. Dunedin: Otago Daily Times. Beattie, James Herries (1979). The southern runs. Invercargill: Gore Historical Society. Chandler, Peter (1996). Land of the mountain and the flood: a contribution to the history of runs and runholders of the Wakatipu district. Queenstown: Queenstown and District Historical Society / Hocken Library. Pinney, Robert (1971). Early South Canterbury runs. Wellington: Reed. Pinney, Robert (1981). Early Northern Otago runs. Auckland: Collins. The following books can be requested via Library Search Ketu: Acland, L.G.D. The early Canterbury runs. Various editions available. Beattie, H. (1980). More about the southern runs. Invercargill: Gore Historical Society. Macgregor, Miriam (1970). Early stations of Hawke s Bay. Wellington: Reed. Wheeler, Colin (1989). Historic sheep stations of New Zealand. Auckland: Beckett. Earlier editions also available. There are also some histories of individual runs check Library Search Ketu using the name of the run which interests you. Local histories. Local histories frequently include information on early farming families in a district. We have a number of Otago and Southland local history books available on the ready reference shelves, or try searching Library Search Ketu for other books in our collection. Pinney and Chandler papers. We have the research papers of Robert Pinney [ARC 0587] and Peter Chandler [MS 1270], both of whom wrote about rural Otago and Southland, particularly the large runs. See Hākena for details. Newspapers and the New Zealand Gazette. Some land transactions resulted in an official notice appearing in the local newspaper or the government gazette. A searchable version of the gazette is available on the public computers: the reference staff can help 10

get you started with a search. We also have large holdings of newspapers, or try a search of PapersPast https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/. Stock and station firms Archives We hold the archives of a number of stock and station firms, including Reid Farmers Limited; Wright Stephenson and Company Limited (Invercargill and Lawrence branches); Stronach Morris and Company Limited; N.M.A. Company of New Zealand Limited; Otago Farmers Co operative Association of New Zealand Limited; and Wrightson N.M.A. Limited / Wrightson Dalgety Limited (Gore branch). See Hākena for further details try a subject search for Stock and Station Agents. Publications Some stock and station firms have published histories, newsletters and annual reports try a search on Library Search Ketu using the name of the firm. For a general history, see Ville, Simon (2000). The rural entrepreneurs: a history of the stock and station agent industry in Australia and New Zealand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Agricultural machinery Publications Evans, B.L. (1984). A history of farm implements and implement firms in New Zealand. Feilding: B.L. Evans. We also hold an earlier edition of this book. Agricultural machinery review (1984 1985). AgTrader (1990 1999). Farm equipment news (1974 1999). Archives Reid and Gray Limited [ARC 0695]. The firm was founded in Oamaru but soon moved to Dunedin; it was the largest firm of agricultural implement manufacturers in the southern hemisphere. We have a large collection of their archives, including correspondence, financial records, catalogues, ploughing manuals, order books and numerous photographs. 11

Rural societies and institutions Archives We hold the archives of some local branches of rural organisations, including the Country Women s Institute, Federated Farmers, Rural Women New Zealand (formerly the Women s Division of Federated Farmers), Young Farmers Club and Country Girls Club. Check Hākena for the name of the organisation, or try one of the following subject searches: Farmers institutes Rural women Rural youth We hold records for the Otago, Otago Taieri, Otago Peninsula, Blueskin, South Otago, Tokomairiro and Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Societies. For these and related material, try a search on Hākena under the subjects: A & P shows Agriculture Societies, etc Agricultural exhibitions We also hold the archives of various other rural institutions such as schools and churches try a place search on Hākena to see if we hold anything for the district which interests you. Publications Some rural clubs and societies have published histories, newsletters or other items (for example, cookbooks). Try searching Library Search Ketu using the name of the organisation. National periodicals for rural organisations include: Home and country (Country Women s Institute) N.Z. countrywoman (Federated Farmers of New Zealand Women s Division) Point blank (New Zealand Farmers Union) Rural woman, later Rural Women New Zealand (Rural Women New Zealand) Spur (Young Farmers /Country Girls Clubs) Straight furrow (Federated Farmers of New Zealand) Young country (Young Farmers Clubs) 12

Government and agriculture Archives We hold the archives of a number of Otago local authorities (the archives of Dunedin City Council and its predecessors are held by the DCC archives). Some of these are for predominantly rural districts, for example, Bruce, Clutha, Tuapeka, Vincent and Waihemo County Councils. We also hold the archives of many Otago pest destruction boards. For further details, see Hākena try a search using the name of the local authority, or a subject search for Local government or Pest control. Publications Government departments have produced numerous reports and publications relating to agriculture; most of these are individually catalogued. Try a search for the specific topic which interests you on Library Search Ketu, or try an advanced search using Ministry of Agriculture as the author. Some of the most useful series are: New Zealand Department of Agriculture Bulletins. These were produced from 1904 to the 1970s. Each bulletin was on a different topic, and they are individually catalogued on the Library Search Ketu. You can find the entire series using Bulletin (New Zealand Dept. of Agriculture) as a title on simple search. Statistics of New Zealand. From 1856 to 1920 the government published an annual set of statistics covering many different aspects of life in New Zealand, including agriculture (the first volume covered the period 1853 1856). The title was Statistics of the Colony of New Zealand until 1907 when it became Statistics of the Dominion of New Zealand. Some of the early issues are available online at https://goo.gl/h8jjyw. From 1921, instead of one volume of statistics, the government published a series of annual subject reports, such as Trade and shipping, Agricultural production and Population and buildings. Their titles have changed over the years, with later subdivisions and new series added. Try a subject search for Farm produce New Zealand Statistics on the Library Search Ketu. Our holdings of these series are not complete, and not always fully catalogued. If you are having trouble locating what you want on Library Search Ketu please enquire with the reference staff, who can search the shelves for you. Statistics for recent decades are available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news and resources/open data and forecasting/. New Zealand Official Year Book. The official yearbook has been published yearly (more recently every second year) by the Department of Statistics since 1894. These include statistics relating to agriculture. The yearbooks from 1894 onwards, along with the 1892 New Zealand Official Handbook, are available in the ready reference area, and some are available online at https://goo.gl/nuswbj. 13

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR or A to Js). This collection of reports to parliament (now published once per parliamentary session and titled Parliamentary papers presented to the House of Representatives of New Zealand) includes a variety of items relating to agriculture. Indexes to the AJHR from 1854 to 1963 are available on the ready reference shelves. The AJHR itself is also on the ready reference shelves for 1860 to 1945 request years following that via Library Search Ketu. The Parliamentary Library is currently digitising the historic AJHRs, starting with the earliest decades. They are available at http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi bin/atojs. One item of particular interest in the AJHRs is the sheep returns (earlier reports are titled sheep inspectors returns). These give the name of the sheep owner, location, and number of sheep. They were published annually from 1878 in the H section (check the table of contents at the beginning of the volume containing the H section). There are some earlier sheep returns (and a few cattle returns) for some of the provinces in the provincial gazettes: many of these can be searched on the gazette database, available on the public computers. Pictorial collections Photographs There are a number of photographs relating to agriculture in our reader access file in the pictorial collections reading area. These are available via Hocken Snapshop at http://hockensnapshop.ac.nz/ or try a search on Hākena. Try looking for the geographical location which interests you. We also have a number of albums of interest Album 602 contains 17 photographs of sheep farming on the Merrivale Estate and sales at Mararoa and Moa Flat taken sometime between 1903 and 1911. Albums 596 to 598 contain photographs of crop growing (including sweet peas) around Ettrick between 1922 and 1931. Please talk to desk staff if you wish to access the photographs collection. 14

Artworks We hold a range of paintings and sketches with agricultural and farming subjects, including works by William Fox, William Mathew Hodgkins and Dorothy Kate Richmond. Some of these works have been digitised and can be viewed online at http://otago.ourheritage.ac.nz/ (try a search for farms or agriculture ), or via Hākena. Search Hākena for other works. Please talk to desk staff if you wish to access the pictures collection. Topics covered include Agriculture Agriculture, Maori Agricultural buildings barn Agricultural implements, Maori Agricultural labourers Animals Dwellings farmhouses Dwellings farmstead Farms Farms runs & stations Farming scenes Sheep Ali Clarke, Hocken Collections, rev. March 2018 15

Labrook, Gore, Austral Vacuum. From the records of Reid & Gray Ltd, MS-1165/067, Archives Collection. S10-296a. Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena 90 Anzac Ave, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 Phone 03 479 8868 reference.hocken@otago.ac.nz http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/hocken/ For hours, please check our website: http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/hocken/ 16