N9073A-1FP W-CDMA Measurement Application N9073A-2FP HSDPA/HSUPA Measurement Application Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzers (MXA/EXA) Technical Overview with Self-Guided Demonstration N9073A W-CDMA measurement application provides one-button measurements and modulation analysis capabilities to help your design, evaluation, and manufacturing of 3GPP-based base stations and user equipments.
Accelerate the speed of product development and manufacturing with preconfigured parameters for 3GPP conformance tests in RF measurements and modulation analysis The complexity of the 3GPP standards demands flexibility and excellent modulation analysis for system development and evaluation. Expand your measurement capabilities with the N9073A W-CDMA measurement application for W-CDMA and HSDPA/HSUPA (high speed downlink packet access/high speed uplink packet access) for more convenience throughout 3GPP system development and manufacturing. Simplify test systems with RF power measurements, spur searches, digital demodulations, and general spectrum analysis in one analyzer. MXA signal analyzer with N9073A W-CDMA measurement application Expedite troubleshooting and design verification with numerous features and an intuitive user interface. Streamline manufacturing with speed, reliability, and easeof-use. Track the latest 3GPP standard requirements with continuous firmware updates. Run the N9073A W-CDMA measurement application on an Agilent X-Series (MXA/EXA) signal analyzer to optimize its performance. The Agilent N9020A MXA signal analyzer offers the highest performance in a midrange analyzer up to 26.5 GHz with powerful one-button measurements, a great feature set, and the fastest measurement speed. The Agilent N9010A EXA signal analyzer is the industry's fastest economy-class signal analyzer offering similar features and functionality to the MXA at a lower price point. N9073A W-CDMA measurement application has two options as follows: N9073A-1FP: W-CDMA measurement application N9073A-2FP: HSDPA/HSUPA measurement application N9073A-1FP W-CDMA measurement application sets up key transmitter tests for analyzing systems based on Technical Specifications Group TS25.141 and TS34.121 in 3GPP Release 99 though 6. N9073A-2FP is also needed to enable modulation analysis of HSDPA and HSUPA signals like downlink HS-PDSCH in 16QAM and E-DPCCH with spreading factor 2 defined in 3GPP Release 5 and 6. The features of N9073A-1FP and 2FP have backwards compatibility with Agilent PSA/E4406A measurement personalities: Option BAF for W-CDMA and Option 210 for HSDPA/HSUPA. This technical overview includes: Product overview with available measurements Demonstration guide Key specifications of the W-CDMA measurement application for X-Series signal analyzers Ordering information Related literature All demonstrations utilize the MXA or EXA signal analyzers with N9073A-1FP and 2FP and the Agilent N5182A MXG vector signal generator with N7600B Signal Studio software. Keystrokes surrounded by [ ] indicate front-panel keys, while softkeys, located on the right edge of the display, are indicated in bold type. 2
Available Measurements Available measurements N9073A-1FP W-CDMA measurement application Channel power ACP (adjacent channel power) for ACLR Spectrum emission mask Spurious emissions Occupied bandwidth Power statistics CCDF Code domain analysis Modulation accuracy (composite EVM) Power control (slot power, PRACH power and slot phase for UE phase discontinuity) QPSK EVM Monitor spectrum 1 IQ waveform 2 1 Monitor spectrum is a simple frequency domain measurement. If you need to have more tools like markers and trace math, please use Swept SA in spectrum analyzer mode. 2 IQ waveform provides I/Q sampled time domain traces. N9073A-2FP HSDPA/HSUPA measurement application adds the following capabilities to 1FP (*) *1FP is a mandatory option for 2FP to enable following modulation analysis features. Code domain analysis Pre-defined test model 5 HS-PDSCH 16QAM/QPSK autodetection Demodulated bits in binary/ hexadecimal format Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) signal analysis Correct power beta calculation based on DPCH/E-DPCH configuration defined in 3GPP TS25.213 E-RGCH/E-AGCH/E-HICH analysis in downlink E-DPCCH and E-DPDCH in SF2 demodulation in uplink Modulation accuracy HSDPA and HSUPA signal for EVM measurements 3
Demonstration Preparation Demonstration preparation The following instruments and software are required for the Agilent MXG N5182A and the X-Series instrument in order to perform these demonstrations. Please update the instrument firmware and software to the latest version, available at www.agilent.com/find/mxg, www.agilent.com/find/mxa, and www.agilent.com/find/exa. Instruments Model number Required options Agilent MXG vector N5182A 503 or 506 frequency range at signal generator 3 GHz or 6 GHz 651, 652 or 654 internal baseband generator UNV Enhanced dynamic range (required for better ACP performance) Signal Studio software N7600B 3GPP W-CDMA FDD X-Series signal analyzers N9020A MXA 503, 508 (507 for EXA), 513, or 526 firmware revision frequency range up to 26.5 GHz A.01.14 or later EA3 Electric attenuator, 3.6 GHz (recommended) N9010A EXA P0x Preampifier (recommended) A.01.2x or later N9020A-B25 Analysis bandwidth 25 MHz (required for analysis over 10 MHz up to 25 MHz bandwidth such as 4-carrier CCDF in W-CDMA downlink) X-Series measurement N9073A 1FP W-CDMA measurement application application 2FP HSDPA/HSUPA measurement application Controller PC for Signal Studio Install N7600B to generate and download the signal waveform into the Agilent MXG via GPIB or LAN (TCP/IP). Please refer the online documentation for installation and setup. 4
Demonstration Preparation (continued) To configure these instruments, connect the Agilent MXG s 50 Ω RF output to X-Series analyzer's 50 Ω RF input with a 50 Ω RF cable. Turn on the power in both instruments. Now, set up the Agilent MXG and Signal Studio software to generate a W-CDMA signal (test model 1). Instructions Software operations On the Signal Studio software: Start the Signal Studio software. Start > Program > Agilent Signal Studio > 3GPP W-CDMA Configure the Agilent MXG as a hardware connected via GPIB or LAN (TCP/IP). Set the basic parameters of the signal at center frequency 2.14 GHz, amplitude 20 dbm and RF Output turned ON. Select the predefined test model in waveform setup. Default setting must be W-CDMA FDD Downlink with Test Model 1 + 64 DPCH. Confirm the test signal condition in detail channel setup. Download the signal to Agilent MXG. Save the signal file for future reuse. Export the waveform file for future reuse. Follow the Signal Studio instructions to connect to the Agilent N5182A MXG. Click Signal Generator at the Hardware on the explorer menu at the left hand. Press [Preset] green button on the top. Frequency = 2.14 GHz, Amplitude = 20 dbm, RF Output = On, ALC = On Click Carrier 1 under Waveform Setup on the explorer menu at the left hand. Channel Configuration = Test Model 1 + 64 DPCH Pull down the Channel Configuration menu to see how many predefined configurations are available for W-CDMA FDD Downlink. Click Channel Setup to see each channel parameters, states and CDP/CCDF display. Press Generate and Download button on the top tool bar. If you encounter any errors, please refer the online help of Signal Studio software. File > Save As > WCDMA_Demo1.scp (Name it as you like.) File > Export Waveform Data > Demo1.wfm (Name it as you like.) 5
Channel Power Channel power The channel power measurement identifies the channel power within a specific bandwidth (default of 5-MHz, as per 3GPP W-CDMA technical specifications) and the power spectral density (PSD) in dbm/hz. Control the following channel power measurement parameters: Integration bandwidth (defaults to 5 MHz) Number of trace averages (default to 200) Data points displays, 101 to 20001 (default to 1001) Turn on RRC filter with flexible filter alpha value (default to Off) Trigger source: free run, video, line, external-1/2, RF burst, and periodic timer (default to free run) Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Move to W-CDMA mode. If N9073A-2FP installed, the key must be W-CDMA with HSDPA/HSUPA. Choose transmitter radio device for base station (downlink). Set a center frequency at 2.14 GHz. Run a channel power measurement. Keystrokes [Mode Preset] [Mode] W-CDMA with HSDPA/HSUPA [Mode Setup] Radio Device BTS MS [FREQ] [2.14] GHz [Meas] Channel Power Figure 1. Channel power in W-CDMA mode 6
ACP Adjacent channel power (ACP) Reducing transmitter channel leakage allows for more channels to be transmitted simultaneously, which, in turn, increases base station efficiency. The ACP, designated by the 3GPP W- CDMA specifications as the adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR), is a measure of the power in adjacent channels relative to the transmitted power. The standard requires the power of both the transmitted and adjacent channels be measured through root raised cosine (RRC) filter with a roll-off factor of 0.22. Measure up to 12 carriers for multi-carrier ACP (Figure 3 shows 4-carrier W-CDMP ACP sample) Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Measure ACP with Test Model 1 + 64 DPCH at 2.14 GHz. Adjust the power level by changing attenuation. Keystrokes [Meas] ACP [AMPTD] Attenuation > [up] [down] arrow keys (to add or reduce attenuations) Adjust the limit for one offset pair. [Meas Setup] Offset/Limits > Offset A > More > Notice as green PASS indicator in Rel Lim (Car) > [ 90] db the upper left corner changes to a red FAIL when the signal does not meet limit requirements. Compare the measured result with noise correction turned On. A better ACP result is achieved with noise correction (Figure 2). [Meas Setup] More > Noise Correction On Off Adjust integration bandwidth Select up to six channel offsets Choose channel offset frequency Adjust and display both absolute and relative power View bar graph over spectrum trace Use built-in averaging detector (RMS) for speed and accuracy Turn on RRC filter with flexible filter alpha value Noise correction On/Off (default to Off) 7
ACP (continued) Figure 2. ACP with fail indicator on limit test and noise correction Figure 3. ACP with four-carrier W-CDMA (sample screen) 8
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Spectrum emission mask (SEM) The spectrum emission mask measurement required by 3GPP specifications encompasses different power limits and different measurement bandwidths (resolution bandwidths) at various frequency offsets. Figure 4 is a diagram of the specification requirements for power density versus frequency offset from carrier (excerpt from the 3GPP TS25.104 v.6.9.0). Completing the many measurements required to comply with this standard is made quick and easy with an X-Series signal analyzer. Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Activate a spectrum emission mask measurement. Set the preference level at 0 dbm. Choose the type of values to display. Observe the measurement values change in the lower window to reflect the selected value type (Figure 5). View customizable offsets and limits. Measurement parameters as well as limit values may be customized for any of the six offset pairs A through F or for any individual offset. Keystrokes [Meas] Spectrum Emission Mask [AMPTD] Ref Value [0] dbm [View/Display] Abs Pwr Freq or Rel Pwr Freq or Integrated Power [Meas Setup] Offset/Limits > More > Limits Note: The default settings in SEM take account the test tolerances defined in TS25.141. Frequency separation f from the carrier [MHz] Illustrative diagram of spectrum emission mask Figure 4. W-CDMA specifications for SEM (from TS 25.104 v.6.9.0) 9
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) (continued) Figure 5. Spectrum emission mask 10
Spurious Emissions Spurious emissions The spurious emissions measurement identifies and determines the power level of spurious emissions in 3GPP defined frequency bands. The measurement allows the user to set pass/fail limits and a reported spur threshold value. The results are conveniently displayed in a result table that can show up to 200 values. Note: When RMS detector is used in an X-Series analyzer, VBW is automatically set to RBW:VBW as 10:1. This demo procedure shows how to edit the range table and how to look up spurious detected. The range table refers to 3GPP TS25.141 v7.4.0 Section 6.5.3.7.2 (Band I, Category B). Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Move to the spurious emissions. Edit the range table as shown in the table below. This is modified for the carrier at 2.14-GHz. Keystrokes [Meas] Spurious emissions [Meas Setup] Range Table Range Start Stop RBW Filter Abs Start Limit 1 9 khz 150 khz 1 khz Gaussian 36 dbm 2 150 khz 30 MHz 10 khz Gaussian 36 dbm 3 30 MHz 1 GHz 100 khz Gaussian 36 dbm 4 1 GHz 2.1 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 30 dbm 5 2.1 GHz 2.1 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 25 dbm 6 2.1 GHz 2.1275 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 15 dbm 7 2.1525 GHz 2.18 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 15 dbm 8 2.18 GHz 2.18 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 25 dbm 9 2.18 GHz 12.75 GHz 1 MHz Gaussian 30 dbm Run a single spurious measurement. Search a spurious detected as fifth (Figure 6). [Single] [Meas Setup] Spur > 5 [Enter] 11
Spurious Emissions (continued) Note: The instrument shows a warning status at the bottom line as AC coupled: Accy unspec d < 10-MHz. This comes out when the measured frequency set to below 10 MHz. Please refer to the instrument User s Guide for more details. Figure 6. Spurious emissions 12
Occupied Bandwidth Occupied bandwidth The 3GPP specifications require the occupied bandwidth (OBW) of a transmitted W-CDMA signal to be less than 5 MHz, where occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth containing 99% of the total channel power. In this measurement, the total power of the displayed span is measured. Then the power is measured inward from the right and left extremes until 0.5% of the power accounted for in each of the upper and lower part of the span. The calculated difference is the occupied bandwidth. In accordance with the 3GPP specification, the N9073A W-CDMA mode defaults to a 5 MHz PASS/FAIL limit values. Changeable occupied bandwidth % power Measure 99% occupied bandwidth and the x db bandwidth as well Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Measure the occupied bandwidth (Figure 7). Keystrokes [Meas] Occupied Bandwidth [Meas Setup] Figure 7. Occupied bandwidth 13
Power Statistics CCDF Power Statistics CCDF The complementary cumulative distortion function (CCDF) is a plot of peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) versus probability and fully characterized the power statistics of a signal. It is a key tool for power amplifier design for W-CDMA and HSDPA base stations, which is particularly challenging because the amplifier must be capable of handling the high PAR which the signal exhibits while maintaining good adjacent channel leakage performance. Designing multi-carrier power amplifiers pushes complexity yet another step further. This exercise illustrates the simplicity of measuring CCDF for W-CDMA. If W-CDMA multi-carrier power amplifier (MCPA) needs to be measured in CCDF, N9020A-B25 is required for wider analysis bandwidth up to 25 MHz available on MXA N9020A. EXA N9010A can measure CCDF with < 10 MHz bandwidth. Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Measure the CDDF and check the setup menus (Figure 8). Keystrokes [Meas] Power Stat CCDF Set a reference trace, compare to Gaussian noise trace Select measurement bandwidth and measurement interval Choose trigger source: video, line, external-1/2, RF burst, and periodic timer 14
Power Statistics CCDF (continued) Figure 8. CCDF Figure 9. CCDF with four-carrier W-CDMA in 25 MHz bandwidth (sample with MXA N9020A plus B25) 15
Code Domain Code domain analysis The code domain analysis measurement provides a variety of different results and traces. Now analyze the W-CDMA signal in code domain measurement. Instructions Keystrokes First, code domain power analysis measures the distribution of signal power across the set of code channels, normalized to the total signal power. This measurement helps to verify that each code channel is operating at its proper level and helps to identify problems throughout the transmitter design from coding to the RF section. System imperfections, such as amplifier non-linearity, will present themselves as an undesired distribution of power in the code domain. Measure peak EVM, RMS EVM, phase and magnitude error, total power and channel power Re-demodulate data using manually adjustable parameters: select a code channel from 0 to 511 and set the symbol rate for 7.5-ksps to 960 ksps On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Run a code domain measurement. Specify the synchronization start slot number. Change to Single measurement. Look at the power and symbol rate of a specific channel with a marker. It s PICH (paging indicator channel) at C8(16). Examine characteristics of the code channel with the active marker at C8(16) (Figure 10). Show I and Q symbol bits. Shift the selected slot to the symbol power off gap. [Meas] Code Domain [Meas Setup] Sync Start Slot 0 On/Off [Single] [Marker] [32] [Enter] [Marker->] Mkr -> Despread [View/Display] Demod Bits [Meas Setup] Meas Offset or rotate Knob or use [up] [down] arrow keys Select from multiple synchronization options, set sync type CPICH, SCH, symbol based, antenna-2 CPICH in STTD, SCH Antenna-1 or 2 in TSTD for downlink Change bit format from binary (0,1) to [Meas Setup] Symbol Analysis > tri-state (0, 1, X) to make burst off DTX/Burst Detect On/Off period more visible in demodulated bits (Figure 11). PRACH message synchronization with preamble signature detection and DPCCH sync for uplink 16
Code Domain (continued) Select pre-defined test models for enforced active channel identification View power graph and metrics, CDP and CDE graphs, I/Q error, code domain quad view, or demod bits Increase analysis depth using 8 or 16 frames with capture interval Add advanced symbol analysis for compressed mode, burst/dtx and closed loop diversity Figure 10. Code domain power graph with a marker at PICH, C8(16) Figure 11. Code domain symbol power and demodulated bits (power off period shown in XXXX) 17
Code Domain (continued) HSDPA in 3GPP release 5 or later Release 5 of 3GPP specifications add high speed downlink packed access (HSDPA) in an effort to make the system more efficient for packet data applications to increasing peak data rates and reducing packet latency. Theoretical peak data rate is approximately 14 Mbps in maximum. To improve W-CDMA system performance, HSDPA makes a number of changes to the radio interface, that mainly affect the physical layer: New high-speed downlink channels, HS-PDSCH (high speed physical downlink shared channel) in 16 QAM modulation in addition to QPSK modulation and HS-SCCH (high speed shared control channel) carrying UE identity and channel parameters of the associated HS-PDSCH Now change the signal from W-CDMA test mode 1 to HSDPA test model 5 + 8 HS-PDSCH. Instructions On the Signal Studio software: Software operations Modify the waveform setup from Click Carrier 1 under Waveform Setup on the W-CDMA FDD downlink with explorer menu at the left hand. Test Model 1 + 64 DPCH to Channel Configuration = Test Model 5 + Test Model 5 + 8 HS-PDSCH. 8 HS-PDSCH Confirm the test signal condition in detail channel setup. Download the signal to the Agilent MXG. Click Channel Setup to see each channel parameters, states and CDP/CCDF display. Press Generate and Download on the top tool bar. New uplink control channel, HS-DPCCH Fast link adaptation using adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) Use of hybrid automatic-repeatrequest (HARQ) 18
Code Domain (continued) Code domain in W-CDMA mode has flexibility to customize measurements for your particular needs. Setting the capture interval determines the measurement length short for fast measurements or long for in-depth analysis to monitor any variance in time domain. Test models in downlink are pre-programmed to allow you for enforced active channel identification. Now examine the HSDPA test model 5 in code domain analysis. Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Return to the power graph. Keystrokes [View/Display] Power Graph & Metrics Use predefined test model for [Meas Setup] Symbol Boundary > active channel identification. Predefined Test Models > Test Model 5 w/8 HSPDSCH Change measurement from continuous to single. Look at the power and symbol rate of a selected HS-PDSCH. Despread the marked code channel, HS-PDSCH at C4(4). Switch the view to observe the selected HS-PDSCH (Figure 12). Change the view for demodulated bits, move the selected window to the bottom, and switch bit format from binary to hexadecimal (Figure 13). [Single] [Marker] [140] [Enter] [Marker->] Mkr -> Despread [View/Display] Code Domain (Quad View) [View/Display] Demod Bits [Next Window] [View/Display] Demod Bits > Demod Bit Format Binary Hex 19
Code Domain (continued) Code domain quad view: Upper left: Code domain power graph Upper right: Symbol power trace in yellow, chip power trace in aqua blue. Lower left: I/Q symbol constellation of the selected code channel. Lower right: Symbol analysis results of the selected code channel. Figure 12. Code domain quad view with HS-PDSCH in 16QAM symbol analysis Demodulated bits: Lower window contains demodulated bits of the selected code channel in measured interval. Figure 13. Code domain demodulated bits in hexadecimal format 20
Code Domain (continued) HSUPA in 3GPP release 6 High speed uplink packed access (HSUPA) is a new technology over W-CDMA and HSDPA defined in 3GPP release 6 to improve the uplink data rate. It is also described as E-DCH (enhanced dedicated channel) in 3GPP standards. Theoretically, it may improve the uplink data rate to 5.76 Mbps with new uplink physical channels of E-DPCCH (E-DCH dedicated physical control channel) and E-DPDCH (E-DCH dedicated physical data channel). In downlink, there are three physical channels for HSUPA as E-AGCH (E-DCH absolute grant channel), E-RGCH (E-DCH relative grant channel) and E-HICH (E-DCH HARQ indicator channel). Now change the signal from HSDPA downlink test model 5 to HSUPA uplink signal. Instructions On the Signal Studio software: Delete carrier 1 W-CDMA FDD downlink signal. Put a carrier of W-CDMA FDD uplink for new configuration. Set a center frequency at 1.95 GHz for uplink. Output = On, ALC = On Software operations Click Carrier 1 under Waveform Setup on the explorer menu at the left hand. Press [X] on the tool bar or use [Delete] on your PC keyboard. Press [+] on the tool bar, and select W-CDMA FDD Uplink from the drop-down menu. Press [Preset] green button on the top Frequency = 1.95 GHz, Amplitude = -20 dbm, RF Change the channel configuration Channel Configuration = from default DPCCH to DPCCH + E-DPCCH + 4 E-DPDCH DPCCH + E-DPCCH + 4 E-DPDCH. Confirm the test signal condition in detail channel setup. Download the signal to the Agilent MXG. Click Channel Setup to see each channel parameters, states and CDP/CCDF display. Press Generate and Download on the top tool bar. Following features are available for HSUPA with N9073A-2FP Now examine the HSUPA signal with E-DPDCH in SF 2 and SF 4. Auto-detection of E-DPDCH in spreading factor 2 and 4 E-DPCCH power beta calculation based on 3GPP standard configuration Adaptive modulation analysis capability Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Change the radio device for uplink code domain analysis. Return to the power graph. Look at the power and symbol rate of a selected E-DPDCH. Keystrokes [Mode Setup] Radio Device BTS MS [FREQ] [1.95] GHz [View/Display] Power Graph & Metrics [Marker] [130] [Enter] Change configuration for correct [Meas Setup] {DPCH/E-DPCH Config} -> 3 beta calculations and run a single (no DPDCH) [Single] [Restart] measurement (Figure 14). Despread the marked code channel, E-DPDCH. Check the symbol analysis results in code domain quad view (Figure 15). [Marker->] Mkr -> Despread [View/Display] Code Domain (Quad View) 21
Code Domain (continued) Figure 14. Code domain power graph with HSUPA signal Figure 15. Code domain quad view with E-DPDCH in SF2 symbol analysis 22
Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM) Modulation accuracy (composite EVM) Error vector magnitude (EVM) is defined in 3GPP conformance tests for both downlink and uplink. EVM is a common modulation quality metric widely used in digital communications. Mod accuracy (composite EVM) measures the EVM of the multi-code channel signal. It is valuable for evaluating the quality of the transmitter for a multi-channel signal, detecting spreading or scrambling errors, identifying certain problems between baseband and RF sections, and analyzing errors that cause high interference in the signal. Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Go to modulation accuracy measurement in a single measurement control (Figure 16). Observe the I/Q measured polar vector display on the right and the quantitative data provided on the left. View magnitude error, phase error, and EVM plots over 15 slots (1 frame) (Figure 17). Keystrokes [Meas] Mod Accuracy (Composite EVM) [Single] [View/Display] I/Q Error Key features in modulation accuracy: Common in downlink/uplink: Downlink: Uplink: Composite EVM, peak CDE, and phase/magnitude/frequency error measurements Capture interval up to 15 slots (1 frame) for 3GPP release 6 requirement Various views of I/Q polar graph, I/Q error, code domain power, and slot CDE/EVM Capture time summary table and peak/average metrics for easier result analysis Multi-channel estimator to align individual code channels to the pilot channel and reduce phase error influence Optional internal preamplifier to measure low-level signals Auto detection of W-CDMA and HSDPA channel configurations Space time transmit diversity (STTD) measurements for dual antenna measurements Select multiple synchronization options, set sync type from CPICH, SCH, symbol based, antenna-2 CPICH in STTD, SCH antenna-1 or 2 in TSTD Auto detection of W-CDMA, HSDPA, and HSUPA channel configurations PRACH message synchronization with preamble signature detection and DPCCH sync 23
Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM) (continued) Available view and traces in modulation accuracy I/Q measured polar graph: Metrics (left) and I/Q measured polar vector graph (right). The I/Q polar traces are not averaged, even if the averaging turned On. I/Q Error: Three windows of EVM (upper), magnitude error (middle) and phase error (lower) during the captured 1 frame length as chip traces. When sync start slot number set, I/Q error view shows which slot has any problems in EVM, magnitude error, and/or phase error. Code domain power: Power bar graph in upper and metrics in lower windows. Each code channels detected as active are listed with code number, power and CDE in db. Figure 16. Modulation accuracy of HSUPA signal Peak/avg metrics: Numeric result table with average and peak hold statistic results. Capture time summary: The summary table provides measurement results of multiple slots for conformance tests. It highlights the peak (or worst) slot values in yellow. Slot CDE/EVM: The three windows shown are EVM (upper), peak CDE (middle), and frequency error (lower). They are calculated on a slot basis. Figure 17. Error plots over 15 slots 24
Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM) (continued) Instructions Keystrokes On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: View code domain power to check the channel power and CDE. Look through the list by expanding the view with the zoom key. View the Peak/avg metrics to monitor the worst value over the averaging period. View the result summary table over the captured 15 slots. Find the average over the captured period on the bottom (Figure 18). View the EVM, peak CDE, and frequency error results in the slot-based trace. [View/Display] Code Domain Power [Next Window] [Zoom] [View/Display] Peak/Avg Metrics [View/Display] Capture Time Summary [View/Display] Slot CDE/EVM Figure 18. Capture time summary 25
Power Control Power control The power control measurement capability is one of the major functions of a W-CDMA (3GPP) digital radio system. This power control measurement provides a solution for users to make 3GPP uplink conformance tests, and can be used to accurately design, characterize, evaluate, and verify 3GPP transmitters, components, and devices for mobile stations. The power control measurement includes three types of measurements: Slot power measures uplink slot power level (Figure 19). PRACH power measures uplink PRACH preamble power level and message power level (Figure 20). Slot phase measures phase error, frequency error and EVM of uplink slots in addition to their slot power. It is designed for 3GPP UE phase discontinuity (Figure 21). The slot power measurement measures uplink slot power level. The PRACH power measurement measures uplink PRACH preamble power level and message power level. The slot phase measurement measures phase error, frequency error, and EVM of uplink slots in addition to their slot power. The slot power and PRACH power measurement can be done using two methods: Waveform method is asynchronous. It provides results using a specified information bandwidth and a specified filter type for the number of frames, 1 through 8, specified by the capture interval. It is faster than the chip power method because there is no synchronization with DPCCH. Chip power method is synchronized to chip timing. It re-samples the power measurement results based on the chip clock timing of the radio system. Because of the synchronization to accurate chip timing, it is slower than the waveform method. The slot phase measurement is always made based on synchronized chip timing. Note: When BTS is selected in Radio Device, power control measurement is enabled, but this measurement is designed for uplink power control analysis. As for downlink power control, it can be measured in code domain measurement to see the symbol power trace for the selected code channel. Please refer to Figures 19, 20, and 21 for a samples of power control measurement capabilities. Test signals are used in samples at 1 GHz. 26
Power Control (continued) Figure 19. Power control for slot power (Sample screen) Figure 20. Power control for PRACH power (Sample screen) 27
Power Control (continued) Figure 21. Power control for UE phase discontinuity (Sample screen) 28
QPSK EVM QPSK EVM The quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement is a measure of phase and amplitude modulation quality that relates the performance of the actual signal compared to an ideal signal as a percentage, as calculated over the course of the ideal constellation. These phase and frequency errors are measures of modulation quality for the W-CDMA (3GPP) system, and can be quantified through QPSK EVM measurements. This is just for a single channel signal in QPSK modulation. It is useful in troubleshooting when the W-CDMA signal fails the synchronization. Any single code channel in QPSK can be measured EVM without de-scrambling. It can be used for PRACH preamble EVM by using longer measure interval up to 4096 chip. For multiple code channels signal, modulation accuracy (composite EVM) measurement is available in W-CDMA mode. Instructions On the Signal Studio software: Change the channel configuration from HSUPA configuration to DPCCH only. Confirm the test signal condition in detail channel setup. Download the signal to the Agilent MXG. Instructions On the X-Series analyzer W-CDMA mode: Run a measurement of QPSK EVM (Figure 22). Switch the view to I/Q error quad view (Figure 23). Software operations Channel Configuration = DPCCH Click Channel Setup to see each channel parameters, states and CDP/CCDF display. Press Generate and Download button on the top tool bar. Keystrokes [MEAS] QPSK EVM [View/Display] I/Q Error 29
QPSK EVM (continued) Figure 22. QPSK EVM in polar graph Figure 23. QPSK EVM in I/Q error quad view 30
N9073A Key Specifications W-CDMA and HSDPA/HSUPA measurement applications Conformance with 3GPP TS 25.141 base station requirements Note: Those tolerances marked as 95% are derived from 95 th percentile observations with 95% confidence. Those tolerances marked as 100% are derived from 100% limits tested observations. Only the 100% limit tested observations are covered by the product warranty. 3GPP required test Instrument instrument tolerance tolerance interval Supplemental information Sub-clause Name (as of 2006-03) for MXA N9020A with EXA specifications 1 Standard sections (Measurement name) 6.2.1 Maximum output power ±0.7 db (95%) ±0.23 db (95%) ±0.30 db (95%, EXA) (channel power) 6.2.2 CPICH power accuracy ±0.8 db (95%) ±0.25 db (95%) ±0.32 db (95%, EXA) (code domain) 6.3 Frequency error ±12 Hz (95%) ±5 Hz (100%) Excluding timebase error (modulation accuracy) 6.4.2 Power control steps (code domain) 1 db step ±0.1 db (95%) ±0.03 db (100%) Ten 1 db steps ±0.1 db (95%) ±0.03 db (100%) 6.4.3 Power dynamic range ±1.1 db (95%) ±0.14 db (100%) 6.4.4 Total power dynamic range ±0.3 db (95%) ±0.06 db (100%) (code domain) 6.5.1 Occupied bandwidth ±100 khz (95%) ±10 khz (100%) 6.5.2.1 Spectrum emission mask ±1.5 db (95%) ±0.27 db (95%) Absolute peak ±0.34 db (95%, EXA) 6.5.2.2 ACLR 5 MHz offset ±0.8 db (95%) ±0.49 db (100%) ±1.07 db (100%, EXA) 10 MHz offset ±0.8 db (95%) ±0.44 db (100%) ±1.00 db (100%, EXA) 6.5.3 Spurious emissions f <= 2.2 GHz ±1.5 db (95%) ±0.29 db (95%) ±0.41 db (95%, EXA) 2.2 GHz < f <= 4 GHz ±2.0 db (95%) ±1.17 db (95%) ±1.22 db (95%, EXA) 4 GHz < f ±4.0 db (95%) ±1.54 db (95%) ±1.59 db (95%, EXA) 6.7.1 EVM (modulation accuracy) ±2.5 % (95%) ±0.5 % (100%) EVM in the range of 12.5% to 22.5% 6.7.2 Peak code domain error ±1.0 db (95%) ±1.0 db (100%) (modulation accuracy) 6.7.3 Time alignment error in Tx ±26 nsec (95%) ±1.25 nsec (100%) diversity (modulation accuracy) [= 0.1 Tc] 1. MXA specifications are applicable to EXA unless stated in supplemental information. 31
N9073A Key Specifications (continued) Channel power MXA N9020A EXA N9010A Minimum power at RF input 50 dbm (nominal) 50 dbm (nominal) Absolute power accuracy ±0.82 db (±0.23 db 95% confidence) ±0.94 db (±0.30 db 95% confidence) (Atten = 10 db) Measurement floor 83.8 dbm (nominal) 79.8 dbm (nominal) Adjacent channel power (ACPR, ACLR) Single carrier Minimum power at RF input ACPR accuracy 36 dbm (nominal) RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise BW, method = IBW or fast Radio Offset frequency MS (UE) 5 MHz ±0.14 db (ACPR 30 to 36 dbc) ±0.22 db (ACPR 30 to 36 dbc) MS (UE) 10 MHz ±0.21 db (ACPR 40 to 46 dbc) ±0.34 db (ACPR 40 to 46 dbc) BTS 5 MHz ±0.49 db (ACPR 42 to 48 dbc) ±1.07 db (ACPR 42 to 48 dbc) BTS 10 MHz ±0.44 db (ACPR 48 to 53 dbc) ±1.00 db (ACPR 48 to 53 dbc) BTS 5 MHz ±0.21 db ( 48 dbc non coherent ACPR) ±0.44 db ( 48 dbc non coherent ACPR) Dynamic range RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise BW Noise Offset Dynamic range Optimum ML Dynamic range Optimum ML correction frequency Method (typical) (nominal) (typical) (nominal) Off 5 MHz IBW 73 db 8 dbm 68 db 8 dbm Off 5 MHz Fast 72 db 9 dbm 67 db 9 dbm Off 10 MHz IBW 79 db 2 dbm 74 db 2 dbm On 5 MHz IBW 78 db 8 dbm 73 db 8 dbm On 10 MHz IBW 82 db 2 dbm 76 db 2 dbm RRC weighting accuracy White noise in adjacent channel 0.00 db (nominal) 0.00 db (nominal) TOI-induced spectrum 0.001 db (nominal) 0.001 db (nominal) rms CW error 0.012 db (nominal) 0.012 db (nominal) Multiple carriers ACPR dynamic range 70 db (nominal) (two carriers, 5 MHz offset) ACPR accuracy (two carriers, ±0.42 db (nominal) 5 MHz offset, 48 dbc ACPR) ACPR dynamic range Dynamic range Optimum ML (four carriers, 5 MHz offset) (nominal) (nominal) 72 db (NC on) 64 db (NC off) 18 db (NC off) 21 db (NC on) ACPR accuracy (four carriers, ±0.39 db (NC off, optimum ML 18 dbm (nominal)) 5 MHz offset, BTS, incoherent TOI, ±0.15 db (NC on, optimum ML 21 dbm (nominal)) ACPR range 42 to 48 db) 32
N9073A Key Specifications (continued) Spectrum emission mask MXA N9020A EXA N9010A Dynamic range, 81.9 db, (88.2 db typical) 76.5 db, (83.9 db typical) relative 2.515 MHz offset Sensitivity, absolute 2.515 MHz offset 99.7 dbm, ( 104.7 dbm typical) 94.7 dbm, ( 100.7 dbm typical) Accuracy, 2.515 MHz offset Relative ±0.12 db ±0.12 db Absolute (20 to 30 C) ±0.88 db, (±0.27 db 95% confidence) ±1.05 db, (±0.34 db 95% confidence) Spurious emissions Table-driven spurious signals, search across regions Dynamic range, relative 95.3 db, (100.3 db typical) 91.9 db, (97.1 db typical) Sensitivity, absolute 84.4 dbm, ( 89.4 dbm typical) 79.4 dbm, ( 85.4 dbm typical) Accuracy Attenuation = 10 db Attenuation = 10 db Frequency range 20 Hz to 3.6 GHz ±0.29 db (95% confidence) ±0.41 db (95% confidence, 9 khz to 3.6 GHz) 3.5 GHz to 8.4 GHz ±1.17 db (95% confidence) ±1.22 db (95% confidence, 3.5 khz to 7.0 GHz) 8.3 GHz to 13.6 GHz ±1.54 db (95% confidence) ±1.59 db (95% confidence, 6.9 khz to 13.6 GHz) Occupied bandwidth Minimum power at RF input 30 dbm (nominal) 30 dbm (nominal) Frequency accuracy ±10 khz (RBW = 30 khz, ±10 khz (RBW = 30 khz, Number of points = 1001, span = 10 MHz) Number of points = 1001, span = 10 MHz) Power statistics CCDF Histogram resolution 0.01 db 0.01 db 33
N9073A Key Specifications (continued) Code domain BTS measurements, 25 dbm mixer level 15 dbm, 20 to 30 C Code domain power MXA N9020A EXA N9010A Absolute accuracy ±0.25 db (95% confidence) ±0.32 db (95% confidence) ( 10 dbc CPICH, Atten = 10 db) Relative accuracy CDP range between 0 and 10 dbc ±0.015 db ±0.015 db CDP range between 10 to 30 dbc ±0.06 db ±0.06 db CDP range between 30 to 40 dbc ±0.07 db ±0.07 db Accuracy, power control steps CDP range between 0 and 10 dbc ±0.03 db ±0.03 db CDP range between 10 to 30 dbc ±0.12 db ±0.12 db Accuracy, power dynamic range CDP range 0 to 40 dbc ±0.14 db ±0.14 db Symbol power vs time Relative accuracy in symbol power vs. time CDP range between 0 and 10 dbc ±0.015 db ±0.015 db CDP range between 10 to 30 dbc ±0.06 db ±0.06 db CDP range between 30 to 40 dbc ±0.07 db ±0.07 db Accuracy, symbol error vector magnitude CDP range between 0 to 25 dbc ±1.0% (nominal) ±1.0% (nominal) Modulation accuracy (composite EVM) BTS measurements, 25 dbm mixer level 15 dbm, 20 to 30 C Composite EVM accuracy ±1.0%, (±0.5% in the range of 12.5% to 22.5%) ±1.0%, (±0.5% in the range of 12.5% to 22.5%) Peak code domain error accuracy ±1.0 db ±1.0 db I/Q origin offset, DUT maximum offset 10 dbc (nominal) 10 dbc (nominal) I/Q origin offset, analyzer noise floor 50 dbc (nominal) 50 dbc (nominal) Frequency error range ±3 khz (nominal) ±3 khz (nominal) Frequency error accuracy ±5 Hz + (transmitter frequency x ±5 Hz + (transmitter frequency x frequency reference accuracy) frequency reference accuracy) Time offset Relative frame offset accuracy ±5.0 nsec (nominal) ±5.0 nsec (nominal) Relative offset accuracy (for ±1.25 nsec ±1.25 nsec STTD diff mode) 34
N9073A Key Specifications (continued) Power control MXA N9020A EXA N9010A Using 5 MHz resolution BW Absolute power measurement Accuracy 0 to 20 dbm ±0.7 db (nominal) ±0.7 db (nominal) Accuracy 20 to 60 dbm ±1.0 db (nominal) ±1.0 db (nominal) Relative power measurement accuracy Step range ±1.5 db ±0.1 db (nominal) ±0.1 db (nominal) Step range ±3.0 db ±0.15 db (nominal) ±0.15 db (nominal) Step range ±4.5 db ±0.2 db (nominal) ±0.2 db (nominal) Step range ±26.0 db ±0.3 db (nominal) ±0.3 db (nominal) QPSK EVM 25 dbm Mixer level 15 dbm, 20 to 30 C EVM Range 0 to 25% 0 to 25% Floor 1.5% 1.6% Accuracy ±1.0% ±1.0% I/Q origin offset DUT maximum offset 10 dbc (nominal) 10 dbc (nominal) Analyzer noise floor 50 dbc (nominal) 50 dbc (nominal) Frequency error Range ±30 khz (nominal) ±30 khz (nominal) Accuracy ±5 Hz + (transmitter frequency x ±5 Hz + (transmitter frequency x frequency reference accuracy) frequency reference accuracy) 35
N9073A W-CDMA Measurement Application Ordering Information N9073A W-CDMA measurement application ordering information For further information, refer to the MXA configuration guide, 5989-4943EN and EXA configuration guide, 5989-6531EN. Instruments Model number Required options MXA signal analyzer N9020A 503, 508, 513, or 526 frequency range up to 26.5 GHz EA3 Electric attenuator, 3.6 GHz (recommended) P0x Preampifier (recommended) B25 Analysis bandwidth 25 MHz (required for analysis over 10 MHz up to 25 MHz bandwidth such as 4-carrier CCDF in W-CDMA downlink) EXA signal analyzer N9010A 503, 507, 513, or 526 frequency range up to 26.5 GHz EA3 Electric attenuator, 3.6 GHz (recommended) P03 Preampifier (recommended) X-Series measurement N9073A 1FP W-CDMA measurement application application 2FP HSDPA/HSUPA measurement application 36
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