7mA Buck/Boost Charge Pump LED Driver SP6685 FEATURES Output Current up to 7mA Up to 94% Efficiency in Torch Mode C1 1 2 SP6685 1 9 V OUT P GND Adjustable FLASH Mode Current C2 3 8 1 Pin DFN S GND Minimum External Components: No Inductors FLASH 4 7 FB Automatic Buck/Boost Mode Switchover Wide Range: 2.7V to 5.5V EN 5 6 R SET High Frequency Operation: 2.4 MHz Low 5mV Reference for low Loss Sensing Now Available in Lead Free Packaging I Q < 1μA in Shutdown APPLICATIONS PWM Dimming Control White LED Torch/Flash for Cell Automatic Soft Start Limits Inrush Current Phones, DSCs, and Camcorders Overvoltage Protection on Output Overcurrent/Temperature Protection Low Ripple and EMI Ultra-low Dropout Voltage in Buck Mode White LED Backlighting Generic Lighting/Flash/Strobe Applications General Purpose High Current Boost Space Saving 1-pin 3mm x 3mm DFN Package DESCRIPTION The SP6685 is a current-regulated charge pump ideal for powering high brightness LEDs for camera flash applications. The charge pump can be set to regulate two current levels for FLASH and TORCH modes. The SP6685 automatically switches modes between step-up and step-down ensuring that LED current does not depend on the forward voltage. A low current sense reference voltage (5mV) allows the use of small 63 current sensing resistors. The SP6685 is offered in the 1-pin DFN package. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT (2.7-5.5V) O C IN 4.7μF C FC 1μF C1 C2 SP6685 V OUT P GND S GND C OUT 1μF WLED TORCH/FLASH ENABLE FLASH EN FB R SET R SET 88KΩ R SENSE.22Ω 1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS, V OUT... -.3V to 6V Output Current Pulse (Flash)... 1A Output Current Continuous (Torch)....4A Storage Temperature... -65 C to +15 C Operating Temperature... -4 C to +85 C V EN....V to 7V 3mmx3mm 1 DFN...O JA = 57.1 C/W ESD Rating.... 2kV HBM These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS T A = -4 C to +85 C, = 3.6V, C IN = 4.7μF, C FC = C OUT = 1.μF. V SHDN =, typical values at 25 C. The denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS CONDITIONS Operating Input Voltage 2.7 5.5 V Quiescent Current.5 3 ma = 2.7-5.5V FLASH =.V, ILOAD = μa 2 FLASH = VIN, 2x mode Shutdown Current 1 μa = 5.5V, VEN =.V Oscillator Frequency 2.4 MHz Charge Pump Equivalent Resistance (x2 mode) Charge Pump Equivalent Resistance (x1 mode) 5 V FB =.V, VIN= 3.6V.6.8 = 3.6V FB Reference Voltage 138 15 162 mv FLASH = VIN R SET = 88.7K FB Reference Voltage 45 5 55 mv FLASH = GND FB Pin Current.5 μa V FB =.3V EN, FLASH Logic Low.4 V EN, FLASH Logic High 1.3 V EN, FLASH Pin Current.5 μa V OUT Turn-on Time 25 5 μs = 3.6V, FB within 9% of regulation Thermal Shutdown Temperature 145 o C 2
PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NUMBER PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 1 Input Voltage for the charge pump. Decouple with 4.7μF ceramic capacitor close to the pins of the IC. 2 C1 Positive input for the external fly capacitor. Connect a ceramic 1μF capacitor close to the pins of the IC. 3 C2 Negative input for the external fly capacitor. Connect a ceramic 1μF capacitor close to the pins of the IC. 4 FLASH Logic input to toggle operation between FLASH and TORCH mode. In TORCH mode FB is regulated to the internal 5mV reference. In FLASH mode FB reference voltage can be adjusted by changing the resistor from R SET pin to ground. Choose the external current sense resistor (R SENSE ) based on desired current in TORCH mode. 5 EN Shutdown control input. Connect to for normal operation, connect to ground for shutdown. 6 R SET Connect a resistor from this pin to ground. When in FLASH mode (FLASH = High) this resistor sets the current regulation point according to the following: V FB = (1.26V/ R SET )*11.2KΩ. 7 FB Feedback input for the current control loop. Connect directly to the current sense resistor. 8 S GND Internal ground pin. Control circuitry returns current to this pin. 9 P GND Power ground pin. Fly capacitor current returns through this pin. 1 V OUT Charge Pump Output Voltage. Decouple with an external capacitor. At least 1μF is recommended. Higher capacitor values reduce output ripple. 3
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS = 3.6V, Typical Application Circuit, D1 = Luxeon LXCL-PWF1, T A = 25 C unless otherwise noted. Iout (ma) 3 2 Torch Mode 2mA Iou Vf = 3.V Vf = 3.3V Vf = 3.6V Vf = 3.9V Figure 1. Torch Mode Output Current Iout (ma) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Flash Mode 7mA Io Vf = 3.3V Vf = 3.6V Vf = 3.9V Vf = 4.2V Figure 2. Flash Mode Output Current Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Torch Mode 2mA Efficie Vf = 3. Vf = 3.3 Vf = 3.6 Vf = 3.9 Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash Mode 7mA Efficie Vf = 3.3V Vf = 3.6V Vf = 3.9V Vf = 4.2V 5 5 4 Figure 3. Torch Mode Efficiency 4 Figure 4. Flash Mode Efficiency 4
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS = 3.6V, Typical Application Circuit, D1 = Luxeon LXCL-PWF1, T A = 25 C unless otherwise noted. V OUT V OUT Figure 5. PWF1 Ripple 1X Flash 7mA Ch1 =, Ch2 = V OUT, = 4.2V, C IN = 1μF, C FC = 1μF, C OUT = 4.7μF Figure 6. PWF1 Ripple 2X Flash 7mA Ch1 =, Ch2 = V OUT, = 3.6V, C IN = 1μF, C FC = 1μF, C OUT = 4.7μF V OUT V OUT Figure 7. PWF1 Ripple 1X Torch 2mA = 4.2V, C IN = 1μF C FC = 1μF, C OUT = 4.7μF Figure 8. PWF1 Ripple 2X Torch 2mA = 3.V, C IN = 1μF C FC = 1μF, C OUT = 4.7μF 5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS = 3.6V, Typical Application Circuit, D1 = Luxeon LXCL-PWF1, T A = 25 C unless otherwise noted. 2 Flash 1X Input Ripple Vs Output Flash 2X Input Ripple Vs Output Vin Ripple (mvpp) 15 5 Cin = 4.7uF Cin = 1uF Vin Ripple (mvpp) 8 6 4 2 Cin = 4.7uF Cin = 1uF 2 3 4 5 6 7 Output Current (m Figure 9. C OUT = 4.7μF 2 3 4 5 6 7 Output Current (m Figure 1. C OUT = 4.7μF 2 Flash 1X Vout Ripple Vs Output C 2 Flash 2X Vout Ripple Vs Output C Vout Ripple (mvpp) 15 5 Cout = 1uF Cout = 2.2uF Cout = 4.7uF 2 3 4 5 6 7 Output Current (m Vout Ripple (mvpp) 15 5 Cout = 1uF Cout = 2.2uF Cout = 4.7uF 2 3 4 5 6 7 Output Current (m Figure 11. C IN = 1μF Figure 12. C IN = 1μF 6
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS D1 = Luxeon LXCL-PWFI LED, Rsense =.22ohms, R SET = 88.7K, C IN = 4.7μF, C FC = 1.μF, C OUT = 1.μF D1 = AOT 3228HPW33B LED, Rsense =.33ohms, R SET = 162K, C IN = 4.7μF, C FC =.47μF, C OUT = 1μF Iout (ma) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Figure 13. Output Current Vs Supply Vol Flash 7mA Vf = 3 Torch 2mA Vf = 3. Iout (ma) 4 35 3 25 2 15 5 Output Current Vs Supply Vol Flash 3mA Vf = 3.85 Torch 15mA Vf = 3.45 Figure 16. Efficiency Vs Supply Vol Efficiency Vs Supply Vol Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash Mode 7mA Vf = 3.45V Torch Mode 2mA Vf = 3. Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash 3m Vf = 3.85V Torch 15mA Vf = 3.45V 5 5 4 Figure 14. 4 Figure 17. Iin (ma) 18 16 14 12 8 6 4 2 Battery Current Vs Supply Vo Flash 7mA Vf = 3. Torch 2mA Vf = 3. Figure 15. Note: diode, resistor, and capacitor settings apply to figures 13, 14, and 15. Iin (ma) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Battery Current Vs Supply Vo Flash 3mA Vf = 3.8 Torch 15mA Vf = 3.4 Figure 18. Note: diode, resistor, and capacitor settings apply to figures 16, 17, and 18. 7
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS DI = AOT 66HPW35BD LED, Rsense =.33ohms, R SET = 75K, C IN = 4.7μF, C FC = 1.μF, C OUT = 1.μF D1 = AOT 215HPW-1915B LED, Rsense =.22ohms, R SET = 8.6K, C IN = 4.7μF, C FC = 1.μF, C OUT = 1.μF 7 Output Current Vs Supply Vol 7 Output Current Vs Supply Vol 6 6 Iout (ma) 5 4 3 Flash 5mA Vf = 4 Torch 15mA Vf = 3 Iout (ma) 5 4 3 Flash 6mA Vf=3.8V Torch 2mA Vf=3.2V 2 2 Figure 19. Figure 22. Efficiency Vs Supply Vol Efficiency Vs Supply Vol Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash 5mA Vf = 4.1V Torch 15mA Vf = 3.5V Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash 6mA Vf=3.8 Torch 2mA Vf = 3 5 5 4 Figure 2. 4 Figure 23. 14 Battery Current Vs Supply Vo 14 Battery Current Vs Supply V 12 12 Iin (ma) 8 6 Flash 5mA Vf = 4 Torch 15mA Vf = 3 Iin (ma) 8 6 Flash 6mA Vf=3. Torch 2mA Vf=3. 4 4 2 2 Figure 21. Note: diode, resistor, and capacitor settings apply to figures 19, 2, and 21. Figure 24. Note: diode, resistor, and capacitor settings apply to figures 22, 23, and 24. 8
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS = 3.6V, Typical Application Circuit, D1 = Luxeon LXCL-PWF1, T A = 25 C unless otherwise noted. Ch1 = EN Ch1 = EN Ch2 = V OUT Ch4 = lin (.5A/div) Ch2 = V OUT Ch4 = lin (.5A/div) Figure 25. Startup 2mA Torch, = 3.6V, V OUT = 3.2V Figure 26. Startup 7mA Flash, = 3.6V, V OUT = 3.6V Figure 27. Torch in 1X to Flash in 1X Mode = 4.2V. CH1 = FLASH, CH2 = V OUT, CH3 = V FB, CH4 = I OUT 1A/div. Figure 28. Torch in 1X to Flash in 2X Mode = 3.6V. CH1 = FLASH, CH2 = V OUT, CH3 = V FB, CH4 = I OUT 1A/div. 9
Application Circuit = Figure 31, T A = 25 C. TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Efficiency (%) 9 8 7 6 Flash 6mA Flash 3mA Torch 15mA Flash 4mA Flash 5mA Efficiency Iout (ma) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Output Current Flash 6mA Vf=4.34V Flash 5mA Vf=4.13V Flash 4mA Vf=3.93V Flash 3mA Vf=3.72V Torch 15mA Vf=3.33V 5 2 4 ) 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4. 4.1 4.2 ) Figure 29. Efficiency vs. VIN. Figure 3. Output Current vs. VIN. APPLICATION INFORMATION The SP6685 can be used with multiple LEDs in parallel as shown in figure 31. For best performance, the LEDs should be in a single package, preferably from a single die to have better matching for forward voltage V f for a given forward current I f. In practice, if the V f of one LED is higher than the others, it will consume a larger I f, which will raise its temperature which will then cause its V f to reduce, correcting the imbalance. The overall current will be the sum of the individual currents, for example I total = 4*ILED. Vin: 3.-4.2V 1 2 3 J2 Jumper Cin 1uF SW2 Push ON CF 1uF R EN 1K 1 2 3 4 5 Vin C1 C2 FLASH EN SP6685 VOUT PGND 9 SGND 8 IFB 7 ISET R SET 139K 1 6 Cout 4.7 uf R FB.33 Ohm D1 Sharp LED GM5BW534AC VFB = 5mV Torch15mA mv Flash 3mA Figure 31. MULTIPLE LED FLASH CIRCUIT. 1
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM RSET 6 RSET RSET BLOCK + - V={ 1.26V RSET} x11.2kohms RSET REF REF RESISTOR TAPS +ḆG 1.26V 5mV 1 MUX 2x1 s FB REF FB 7 SGN 8 + FB COM P - FB COMP ONE SHOT CLK COUNTER 32 COUNT CLR SET DOMINANT S R FLASH 4 FLASH=1, S=1, RSET REF FLASH=, S=, 5mV 135C ON 145C OFF 2.4MHZ CLK THERMAL FAULT OVER TEMP COMP CLK EN 5 VIN 1 CHARGE PUMP SWITCHES MODE SWITCH =1X 1=2X C1 C2 VOUT PGND The SP6685 is a charge pump regulator designed for converting a Li-Ion battery voltage of 2.7V to 4.2V to drive a white LED used in digital still camera Flash and Torch applications. The SP6685 has two modes of operation which are pin selectable for either Flash or Torch. Flash mode is usually used with a pulse of about 2 to 3 milliseconds to generate a high intensity Flash. Torch can be used continuously at a lower output current than Flash and is often used for several seconds in a digital still camera movie mode. The SP6685 also has two modes of operation to control the output current: the 1X mode and 2X mode. Operation begins after the enable pin EN receives a logic high, the bandgap reference wakes up after 2μsec, and then SP6685 goes through a soft-start mode designed to reduce inrush current. The SP6685 starts in the 1X mode, which acts like a linear regulator to control the output current by continuously monitoring the feedback pin FB. In 1X mode, if the THEORY OF OPERATION SP6685 auto detects a dropout condition, which is when the FB pin is below the regulation point for more than 32 cycles of the internal clock, the SP6685 automatically switches to the 2X mode. The SP6685 remains in the 2X mode until one of four things happens: 1) the enable pin EN has been toggled, 2) the Flash pin has changed from high to low, 3) is cycled or, 4) a thermal fault occurs. The 2X mode is the charge pump mode where the output can be pumped as high as two times the input voltage, provided the output does not exceed the maximum voltage for the SP6685, which is internally limited to about 5.5V. In the 2X mode, as in the 1X mode, the output current is regulated by the voltage at the FB pin. In the Torch mode, (Flash = GND) the Flash pin is set to logic low and the SP6685 FB pin regulates to 5mV output: V FB = 5mV (Torch Mode) 11
THEORY OF OPERATION When in Flash mode, (Flash = ), the FB regulation voltage is set by the resistor R SET connected between the R SET pin and S GND and the equation: V FB = (1.26V/ R SET )*11.2KΩ (Flash Mode) Where 1.26V is the internal bandgap reference voltage and 11.2KΩ is an internal resistance used to scale the R SET current. Typical values of R SET are 4KΩ to 18KΩ for a range of V FB = 3mV to 75mV in Flash mode. The output current is then set in either Flash or Torch mode by the equation: I OUT = V FB / R SENSE OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION When the temperature of the SP6685 rises above 145 degrees Celsius, the over temperature protection circuitry turns off the output switches to prevent damage to the device. If the temperature drops back down below 135 degrees Celsius, the part automatically recovers and executes a soft start cycle. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION The SP6685 has over voltage protection. If the output voltage rises above the 5.5V threshold, the over voltage protection shuts off all of the output switches to prevent the output voltage from rising further. When the output decreases below 5.5V, the device resumes normal operation. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION The over current protection circuitry monitors the average current out of the V OUT = 5mV (Torch Mode) pin. If the average output current exceeds approximately 1Amp, then the over current protection circuitry shuts off the output switches to protect the chip. COMPONENT SELECTION The SP6685 charge pump circuit requires 3 capacitors: 4.7μF input, 1μF output and 1μF fly capacitor are typically recommended. For the input capacitor, a larger value of 1μF will help reduce input voltage ripple for applications sensitive to ripple on the battery voltage. All the capacitors should be surface mount ceramic for low lead inductance necessary at the 2.4MHz switching frequency of the SP6685 and to obtain low ESR, which improves bypassing on the input and output and improves output voltage drive by reducing output resistance. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R temperature grade are recommended for most applications. A selection of recommended capacitors is included in Table 1 below. Manufacturers Website Part Number Capacitance/ Voltage Capacitor Size/Type/Thickness ESR at KHz TDK/www.tdk.com C5X5RJ15M 1uF/6.3V 42/X5R/.5mm.3 TDK/www.tdk.com C168X5RJ475K 4.7uF/6.3V 63/X5R/.9mm.2 TDK/www.tdk.com C212X5RJ16M 1uF/6.3V 85/X5R/1.35mm.2 Murata/www.murata.com GRM155R6J15KE19B 1uF/6.3V 42/X5R/.55mm.3 Murata/www.murata.com GRM188R6J475KE19 4.7uF/6.3V 63/X5R/.9mm.2 Murata/www.murata.com GRM21BR6J16KE19L 1uF/6.3V 85/X5R/1.35mm.2 Table 1: Recommended Capacitors 12
COMPONENT SELECTION The input and output capacitors should be located as close to the and V OUT pins as possible to obtain best bypassing, and the returns should be connected directly to the P GND pin or to the thermal pad ground located under the SP6685. The fly capacitor should be located as close to the C1 and C2 pins as possible. See typical circuit layout (page 13) for details on the recommended layout. To obtain lower output ripple, the C OUT value can be increased from 1μF to 2.2μF or 4.7μF with a corresponding decrease in output ripple as shown in the Typical Performance Characteristic curves. For output currents of 5mA to 7mA, the recommended C FC fly capacitor value of 1μF should be used. Output currents in Flash of ma to 4mA can use a.47μf C FC but a minimum 1μF C OUT is still needed. RESISTOR SELECTION The sense resistor R SENSE is determined by the value needed in the Torch mode for the desired output current by the equation: R SENSE = V FB / I OUT where V FB = 5mV (Torch Mode) Once the R SENSE resistor has been selected for Torch mode, the V FB voltage can be selected for Flash mode using the following equation: V FB = I OUT * R SENSE (Flash Mode) where I OUT is for Flash Mode. Next, the R SET resistor can be selected for Flash mode using the following equation: R SET = (1.26V/ V FB )*11.2KΩ (Flash Mode) For an example of 2mA Torch mode and 6mA Flash mode, the values R SENSE =.25Ω, V FB = 15mV (Flash Mode), and R SET = 94KΩ are calculated. The power obtained in the Flash mode would be: P FLASH = V FB *I OUT = 15mV*6mA = 9mW. The typical 63 surface mount resistor is rated 1/1 Watt continuous power and 1/5 Watt pulsed power, more than enough for this application. For other applications, the P FLASH power can be calculated and resistor size selected. The R SENSE resistor is recommended to be size 63 for most applications. The range of typical resistor values and sizes are shown here in Table 2. Part Reference Value Tolerance Size Manufacturers RSET 68k 5% 42 any RSET 75k 5% 42 any RSET 82k 5% 42 any RSET 91k 5% 42 any RSET k 5% 42 any RSET 11k 5% 42 any RSET 12k 5% 42 any RSET 13k 5% 42 any RSET 14k 5% 42 any RSET 15k 5% 42 any RSENSE.22 5% 63 Panasonic or Vishay RSENSE.27 5% 63 Panasonic or Vishay RSENSE.33 5% 63 Panasonic or Vishay RSENSE.39 5% 63 Panasonic or Vishay RSENSE.47 5% 63 Panasonic or Vishay Table 2: Resistor values and sizes 13
EVALUATION BOARD CIRCUIT LAYOUT 14
PACKAGE: 1 PIN DFN D D/2 ø E/2 E A (A3) A1 Seating Plane SIDE VIEW Pin1 Designator to be within this INDEX AREA (D/2 x E/2) TOP VIEW D2 D2/2 1 2 3 4 5 INDEX AREA (D/2 x E/2) E2/2 E2 L K 1 9 8 7 6 e b BOTTOM VIEW 3x3 1 Pin DFN JEDEC MO-229 VARIATION VEED-5 SYMBOL Dimensions in Millimeters: Controlling Dimension Dimensions in Inches Conversion Factor: 1 Inch = 25.4 mm MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX A.8.9 1..32.36.39 A1..2.5..1.2 A3 K.2.2 REF - -.8.8 REF - - ø º - 14º º - 14º b.18.25.3.8.1.12 D D2 2.2 3. BSC - 2.7.87.119 BSC -.16 E E2 1.4 3. BSC - 1.75.56.119 BSC -.69 e L.3.5 BSC.4.5.12.2 BSC.16.2 SIPEX Pkg Signoff Date/Rev: JL Aug9-5 / RevA 15
Part Number Operating Temperature Range Package Type SP6685ER... -4 C to +85 C... 1 Pin DFN SP6685ER/TR... -4 C to +85 C... 1 Pin DFN Available in lead free packaging. To order add -L suffix to part number. Example: SP6685ER/TR = standard; SP6685ER-L/TR = lead free /TR = Tape and Reel Pack quantity is 3, for DFN. ORDERING INFORMATION Sipex Corporation Headquarters and Sales Office 233 South Hillview Drive Milpitas, CA 9535 TEL: (48) 934-75 FAX: (48) 935-76 Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 16