What is 5G? It s a paradigm shift 1G~1985 2G1992 3G2001 4G2010 5G2020 Transition from analog to digital www Define use case Analyze requirements Define technology embb www Define technology framework Find a use case miot URLLC
4G today and 5G technology forecast ı GSA Reports (January 18): 651 commercially launched LTE or LTE Advanced networks in 202 countries. 14 networks supporting cat.16 DL speeds. a At least 35 operators have made public commitments to time-lines for deployment of pre-standards 5G or standards-based 5G networks in 23 countries Source: GSA Evolution from LTE to 5G report, January 2018 https://gsacom.com/paper/evolution-lte-5g-january-2018/ Source: Ericsson Mobility Report November 2017
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Verizon Wireless 5G specification, KT relies on similar PHY/MAC ı Verizon Wireless 5G specification first version made available in July 2016: www.5gtf.org KT published it s version in Nov. 2016 w/ mobility. ı Based on 3GPP Release 12 LTE specification, several changes and adaptations: OFDM(A) used also in the uplink. Beamforming: Beam Reference Signal (tracking & Acquisition), Beam Refinement Reference Signal. Beam recovery Phase Noise compensation reference signal defined for downlink and uplink. PHY/L1, MAC/RLC adaptations, new physical signals and new or extended PHY channel/functionality Higher layer (protocol) changes to be added.
Services for Olympic Games Korean Telecom (KT) ı embb use case ı LTE + 5G @ 28GHz ı High data rate requirements ı Mobility support ı April 2017: KT on Pace to Roll Out 5G Trial Networks for 2018 Olympics ı Olympic games in Pyeonchang was a trial network, KT targets commercial services based on 3GPP NR in 2019!
Fixed Wireless Access Verizon Wireless ı A specific embb use case ı Standalone operation @ 28GHz and with second priority also @ 39GHz ı High data rate requirements (high bandwidth) ı No mobility! Last kilometer application ı Feb 2017: Verizon to deliver 5G service to pilot customers in 11 markets across U.S. by Mid 2017 ı Commercial services as early as 2018
Comparison LTE and Verizon Wireless 5G PHY parameterization PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon 5G Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM (SC-FDMA) OFDM Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms Subcarrier Spacing 15 khz 75 khz Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6 MHz Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz NFFT 2048 2048 OFDM symbol duration, no CP 66.67 us 13.33 us Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms #Subframes (#slots) 10 (20) 50 (100) CP Type Normal & Extended Normal Only Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic TDD Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,100 100 DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC code
Extensive 5G trials activities are ongoing
5G trial in France ı 9 Cities proposed by ARCEP for 5G Trial ı Lyon ı Bordeaux ı Lille ı Douai ı Montpellier ı Nantes ı Le Havre ı Saint Etienne ı Grenoble.and more?
3GPP RAN NR Standardization Timeline after 3GPP RAN #78 NR: New Radio SA: Standalone NSA: Non Standalone embb: Enhanced Mobile Broadband URLLC: Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication mmtc: Massive Machine Type Communication 2016 2017 Now 2018 2019 2020 LTE Adv. Pro 5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2 Rel-14 Release 15 Focus on NSA / SA deployment scenarios for embb and URLLC use cases Release 16 All deployment scenarios mmtc use cases First 5G NR Network Deployments NR Study Items completed: TR38.900: Channel modeling > 6 GHz TR38.913: 5G Scope and Requirements Rel-15 Milestones Jan 2018 / RAN #78 June 2018 / RAN #80 L1/L2 specification Rel-15 L1/L2 specs. incl. for NSA option 3 / SA / urllc completed embb completed Mar 2018 / RAN #79 L3 specification / ASN.1 completed Rel-16 Milestones Sep 2018 / RAN #81 Rel-15 L3 specification / ASN.1 completed June 2019 / RAN #84 IMT-2020 submission LTE & NR Rel-15/16 Dec 2019 / RAN #86 Rel-16 completed
5G NR Basics ı Two basic frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) are used in 3GPP specifications, since cm-/mmwave spectrum behaves differently in nature. Frequency range Range covered F Global F REF-Offs N REF-Offs Range of N REF FR1 0 3000 MHz 5 khz 0 MHz 0 0 599999 FR1 3000 24000 MHz 15 khz 3000 MHz 600000 600000 1999999 FR2 24000 100000 MHz 60 khz 24000 MHz 2000000 2000000-326667
5G Key Technology Components NR builds on four main pillars New Spectrum ı < 1GHz ı ~ 3.5 GHz ı ~ 26/28/39 GHz Massive MIMO / Beamforming ı Hybrid beamforming ı > 6GHz also UE is expected to apply beam steering Multi-Connectivity ı Initially based on Dual Connectivity with E-UTRA as master MCG Bearer enb (MN) MCG Split Bearer SCG Split Bearer gnb (SN) SCG Bearer Network Flexibility ı Flexible physical layer numerology ı Network Slicing ı NFV/SDN f User1 User3 t User5 User2 User4
5G Network Architecture Vocabulary LTE Core = EPC EPC = Envolved Packet Core MME = Mobility Management Entity S-GW = Serving Gateway 5G Core = NGC NGC = Next Generation Core AMF = Access and Mobility Management Function UPF = User Plane Function Control Data LTE BS = enb 5G BS = gnb A base station in a DC (= Dual Connectivity) connection with the UE may have different roles: MN = Master Node or SN = Secondary Node
Architecture Evolution DC Options Option 3 is priority 1 in 3GPP, followed by Option 2 Option 3 EN = E-UTRA-NR Option 4 NGEN = NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Option 7 NE = NR-E-UTRA Data Control Option 2 Standalone EPC NGC NGC NGC MN MN MN enb gnb NG-eNB gnb NG-eNB gnb gnb
5G New Radio (NR) offers a flexible air interface Summary of key parameters Parameter FR1 FR2 Carrier aggregation Up to 16 carriers Bandwidth per carrier 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100MHz 50, 100, 200, 400 MHz Subcarrier spacing 15, 30, 60 khz 60, 120, 240 (not for data) khz Max. number of subcarriers Modulation scheme Radio frame length Subframe duration MIMO scheme 3300 (FFT4096 mandatory) QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM; uplink also supports π/2-bpsk (only DFT-s-OFDM) 10ms 1 ms (alignment at symbol boundaries every 1 ms) Max. 2 codewords mapped to max 8 layers in downlink and to max 4 layers in uplink Duplex mode TDD, FDD TDD Access scheme DL: CP-OFDM; UL: CP-OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM
Frequency trends for 5G Europe 700 MHz 3.4-3.8 GHz 24.25-27.5 GHz China 3.3-3.6 GHz 4.8-5.0 GHz 24.75-27.5GHz (study) 37-43.5 GHz (study) (3.5) / 28 / 39GHz 0.7 / 3.6 / 26GHz 3.5 / 5 / 26 / 43.5 GHz 3.5 / 4.6 / 28 GHz US [CBRS band (3.5GHz)] 27.5-28.35 GHz 37.0-40 GHz 64-71 GHz (unlicensed) NR frequency range 1 reserved numbers 65-256 Downlink Uplink NR frequency range 2 Reserved numbers 257-512 Downlink Uplink Australia 3.6 GHz 26 GHz n77 3.3 4.2 GHz 3.3 4.2 GHz n78 3.3 3.8 GHz 3.3 3.8 GHz n257 26.5 29.5 GHz 26.5 29.5 GHz n258 24.25 27.5 GHz 24.25 27.5 GHz n259 n/a n/a 3.6 / 26 GHz Korea 3.5 GHz 28 GHz n79 4.4 5.0 GHz 4.4 5.0 GHz n260 37 40 GHz 37 40 GHz Japan 4.4-4.9 GHz 28 GHz
5G NR spectrum utilization Dual connectivity, for Non-Standalone (NSA) mode operation ı Two band combinations (2CC) of 1CC in NR band and 1CC in LTE band ı Additional tables for three band (3CC), four band (4CC) and five band (5CC) in TS38.101-3 LTE frequency bands 5G NR frequency ranges Source: TS38.101-3 n7 (FDD 700MHz) n28 (FDD 2.6GHz) n41 (TDD 2.6 GHz) n71 (FDD 600MHz) n77: 3.3 4.2 GHz n78: 3.3 3.8 GHz n79: 4.4 5 GHz n257: 26.5 29.5 GHz n258: 24.25 27.5 GHz 1 3 5 7 8 11 18 19 20 21 25 26 28 38 39 41 42 66 71
5G NR bandwidth utilization 19.08MHz FR1 SCS [khz] Channel bandwidth [MHz] 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB N RB 15 25 52 79 106 133 [160] 216 270 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 30 11 24 38 51 65 [78] 106 133 162 [189] 217 [245] 273 60 n/a 11 18 24 31 [38] 51 65 79 [93] 107 [121] 135 FR2 Channel bandwidth [MHz] SCS [khz] 50 100 200 400 N RB N RB N RB N RB 60 66 132 264 n/a 380.16MHz 120 32 66 132 264 Source: 3GPP TS 38.104 V1.0.0 ı Note: N RB (15kHz) = 180kHz N RB (30kHz) = 360kHz N RB (60kHz) = 720kHz N RB (120kHz) = 1440kHz
SS/PBCH Blocks ı In the time domain, an SS/PBCH block consists of 4 OFDM symbols, numbered in increasing order from 0 to 3 within the SS/PBCH block, where PSS, SSS, and PBCH with associated DM-RS occupy different symbols ı In the frequency domain, an SS/PBCH block consists of 240 contiguous subcarriers with the subcarriers numbered in increasing order from 0 to 239 within the SS/PBCH block. ı Two SS/PBCH block types: Type A (15kHz and 30kHz) Type B (120 and 240 khz) SS/PBCH block ı Like in LTE the Cell ID can be determined from the used PSS/SSS sequences
SS/PBCH Blocks Occurrence in the frame: Case A, B and C Case A (15kHz) f 3GHz (L=4) 3 f 6GHz (L=8) 5ms 5ms 3.6MHz Case B (30kHz) f 3GHz (L=4) 3 f 6GHz (L=8) Case C (30kHz) f 3GHz (L=4) 3 f 6GHz (L=8) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Block index 0 L max-1 7.2MHz
How to determine beams at initial access? ı The system information informs the UE of the association between the SS blocks and the RACH resources. The threshold of the SS block for RACH resource association is based on the RSRP and network configurable. 5ms 5ms Case A (15kHz) 3 f 6GHz (L=8) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Block index 0 L max-1 ı Since each block uses different DM-RS embedded in the PBCH, the UE is able to perform RSRP measurement per beam. ı Consequently the base station determines the best beam to use for the UE based on the received RACH and may use this for configuring UE specific DM-RS for beamforming in the data allocation for this UE.
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LTE provides the foundation on the way to 5G EPC NGC EPC FD MIMO Carrier Aggregation Dual C-V2X Connectivity Low Latency Power Saving Increased Coverage embb (URLLC) embb / URLLC miot LTE-A Pro + NR > 24 GHz LTE-A Pro + NR < 6GHz NB-IoT < 1GHz embb @ 3.5GHz will be commercially dominant Additionally high capacity cells @ 26/28/39 GHz
RF Scanner TSMx / ROMES 5G Engineering demonstrator setup Coverage Measurements @ 28 GHz (with VzW) l l l l 28 GHz demonstrator setup presented at R&S MNT booth @ MWC Barcelona 2017 TSME + Downconverter + ROMES (with special add-on) for 28 GHz coverage measurements First drive tests with demonstrator setup successfully completed Measurements based on waveform according to www.5gtf.org
RF Scanner TSMx / ROMES 5G Engineering Backpack @MWC 2018 28 GHz omni-directional antenna 5G backpack system is controlled through remote desktop connection
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