RAPID CONSTRUCTION-INOVATIVE APPROCH OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION Krushil K. Ponkiya 1, Dhyey K. Shah 2, Rushabh A. Shah 3 PG. Student, SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India 1 PG. Student SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India 2 Asst. Prof., SNPIT & RC, Umrakh, Gujarat, India 3 Abstract: World is moving rapidly in this 21st century. So use of technologies with time constrain is main factor. As in this new world it value a time with the project as the project is consist with the cost but it mainly consist with the time and quality. There are many prospects to define a project with the resources and it value at right time to be procured, but it also play a different role to execute the project as by using the pre- fab elements. The prefab construction may go to consume less time to be finish rather than the conventional process of construction which is beneficial to the clients as in all prospects i.e. time, cost and quality. This research work has been aimed to change the concept of use of prefab elements or precast concrete work in construction industries by the comparison of the conventional building and the rapid pre-fab elements in the present situation. In this project, the building by prefab element and by conventional method.as it shows that using prefabrication elements in construction of building will give good quality with less duration and cost. This prefabricated method consumes 2.5 3 months to complete 10 storeys building while, conventional method consumes 18 20 months to construct a project. So the present scenario will change by rapid construction and it will help to create future scope of infrastructure in rapid ways.it also creates an awareness to architects, engineer, builders, designer, contractors and customers about the concept of prefabrication. Keywords: Prefabricated materials, Technology, I. INTRODUCTION World is moving rapidly in this 21st century. So use of technologies with time constrain is main factor. Rapid construction is a systematic approach to deliver of one kind project with complexity in construction due to limited time schedule, contract agreement, approved construction method and meets client satisfaction. Rapid construction has many techniques. But here we are using modular coordination and with the help of that techniques we apply those on buildings. We use the prefabricated materials on building for rapid construction. The term prefab can apply to any construction method where the significant part of the construction takes place off site in a factory. That produces relatively large complex features that assembled at the site into the finished building. Benefits of using prefabricated materials we can All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 1
get excellent quality, less duration, less maintenance, homogeneity, reduce wastages, long life, easily replace etc. Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting complete assemblies or sub- assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. The term is used to distinguish this process from the more conventional construction practice of transporting the basic materials to the construction site where all assembly is carried out. Prefabricated is a general term for anything that is assembled in a factory rather than on-site. Design is carried out to the concrete industry and yet the knowledge remains essentially within the precast concrete industry itself. The advantages of precast construction are inherent in the precast beam-to-column connections, as these are jointed connection as opposed to cast-in-situ emulation type connection. The behaviour of precast beam-to-column connection using hollow steel section by conducting experimental tests that will show that the performance of this connection is as good as conventional cast-in-place connection. The objectives of the present study are: To analysis the pre-fab material element in the market and its feasibility with the project. Compare quantity, cost and total duration for one Building project. It Show the various advantages of the prefab elements and awareness in the present technology in Indian construction industry by using Prefab elements its saves Time, Money with the Quality. Stages of Prefabrication: Casting: - Precast components are casted with controlled cement concrete in moulds of required shape and sizes. The vibrator is used to vibrate concrete and this removes any honeycombing inside the components. Curing: After 24 hours of casting, the casted components are released from the mould and transported to curing tanks. Certain special components like railway sleepers where high strength is required are steam cured. Transportation and erection: After complete curing is done the components are transported to the site with heavy trucks and erection will be done using cranes with skilled labour force. Types of prefab Elements: a) Precast Slab or hollow core slab The manufacture of the Hollow Core floor sections is fully automated. Hollow core slab is manufacture by spancrete paver machine. Spancrete products meet fast track schedules and reduce finance costs. All season, all weather erection capability helps you maintain project schedules. All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 2
Source: www.spcind.com Source: www.acp-concrete.cp.uk b) Beam and column Beam and column are generally made by different size of mould as per requirement and design at factory. Bridge girder is also made by this techniques. Pre-stressed RCC supporting precast column and beam are advantageous for fast constructions as no propping of beams are required, there is no need for expensive onsite formwork and flexibility with design is also possible. Precast columns and beams can be used for building any structure including bridges. The main advantage of a composite beam structure is that it permits less structural depth for a given loadbearing capacity. Precast beams and columns are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes and lengths. The concrete surface is smooth and the edges are chamfered. Source: www.akbryanmoulds.co.uk Source:formstress.co.nz Source: www.wilcoprecast.co.nz All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 3
c) Precast Wall Panels High Concrete Group enclosure systems consist of structural and non-structural precast concrete panels in configurations such as column covers, window panels and other shapes that provide an attractive, functional and durable facade. Precast insulated wall panels and insulated cladding use sandwich construction to place a layer of rigid foam insulation between two layers of precast concrete. Source: www.satee.co.in Source: www.precast.org A precast concrete panel offers a number of important benefits. The sandwich construction technique used with the precast concrete walls provides increased stability and improved sound insulation, as well as greater protection from potential hazards such as fires. Precast concrete panels also provide energy-saving advantages. Because the concrete wall panels are separated by a layer of thermal insulation, the precast concrete wall panel system results in enhanced energy performance, which can help to lower overall costs. d) Precast Staircase Using precast staircase will shorten the construction duration. It also allows operational access instantly to all floor areas. Precast staircases are delivered to site ready for installation and can speed up construction schedules to provide safe and immediate routes between floors under construction. Once hoisted into place, the precast stair flight is suitably protected and ready for use. Delivery, Handling Source: & www.weckenmann.com Storage Source: saipreethiprecastbuilder.com a) Delivery All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 4
Delivery of precast elements should be planned according to the general erection sequence to minimise unnecessary site storage and handling. Where possible, it is desirable to transport the precast elements into a manner which they can be lifted directly for erection or storage without much change in orientation and sequence. It should be loaded and delivered with proper support, frames, cushioning and tie-downs to prevent in-transit damage. b) Handling The handling process mainly involves the removal of the precast elements from the mould, transportation to the storage yard, loading and unloading operation and erection of these elements at the job site. Typically, precast concrete element and are DE moulded and lifted from their casting position yard and delivery to site once they reach the expected concrete strength required. Source: www.spcind.com c)storage The storage area provides in the yard and job site should be adequate to permit easy access and handling of the precast elements. The area should be relatively level, firm and well drained to avoid any differential ground settlements which may damage the stored elements. All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 5
Source: www.spcind.com Advantages: Quick erection times Cost effective solutions. Easier management of construction sites. Ideal fit for simple and complex structures Reduction in construction time Improve in the quality of construction. Reduction of construction waste Shorter duration for construction time Independent of adverse weather conditions during construction Opportunities for good architecture Healthy buildings High capacity- enabling the realization of important projects Factory made products Quick erection times Disadvantages: Leaks can form at joints in prefabricated components. Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections than for the materials of which they are made, which can often be packed more efficiently Large prefabricated sections require heavy- duty cranes and precision measurement and handling to place in position. Special and experience workforce is required. Higher safety is required while installing and handling process. I. CONCLUSION As from the referred paper and analysis the Rapid construction is an innovative technique in the construction industry to develop rapidly any project with the planning and controlling on the Time, Cost and Quality. In this analysis a conventional building design is All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 6
compared with the prefabricated element technique in which,it compare with prefab element, it quality got improve through a control machinery production in factory which produce a require quality of product as per the client, the Cost is reduce to some extend as from the conventional method by reducing unnecessary activity and unnecessary cost and the Time duration of whole project is reduce up to 60% approximately from the conventional technique. From the above it can be concluded that the rapid construction is the beneficial in the Indian construction industry which is an innovative approach to a construction industry. If we establish the prefab factory in the Surat region we reduce the transportation cost and so the overall project cost is reduce.so at the end development of construction industries in Surat will develop rapidly. II. REFERENCES [01] Britannica Online (1998). Prefabrication. Http://Www.Eb.Com:180/Cgi- Bin/G?Docf=Micro/480/10.Html. [02] Benjaoran, V.; Dawood, N (2006) Intelligent Approach To Prod. Planning System for Bespoke Precast Concrete Products, Automation in Construction. [03] Beton - Verlag, "Precast Concrete Connection Details. [04] Bell, P. (2009). Kiwi Prefab: Prefabricated Housing In New Zealand: An Historical And Contemporary Overview With Recommendations For The Future. Victoria University of Wellington. [05] Hindustan Prefab Limited Official Website Http://Www.Hindprefab.Com/English/Index.Html [06] Martinez, S; Jardon, A.; Navarro, J.M; Gonzalez, P. (2008) Building Industrialization: Robotized Assembly of Modular Products, Assembly Automation. [07] www.world-housing.net [08] www.bca.gov.sg [09] www.hindprefab.org [10] www.precastbuildings.com [11] www.pianc.us All rights reserved by www.ijaresm.net ISSN : 2394-1766 7