THE SOCIALLY SMART COMMUNITY 2017 CIC Community Indicators Symposium Winnipeg, MB Canada June 12th and 13th 2017 Donald Cowan, Paulo Alencar, Kyle Young, Bryan Smale Tracy Birtch, Ryan Erb, Fred McGarry Presented by Fred McGarry E.D. the Centre for Community Mapping
Socially Smart Communities Abstract: Smarty Cities loudly promote the use of cell-phone GPS data, utility data etc., in applications that help with population and traffic flow and utility consumption etc. Socially Smart Communities quietly rely on data derived from interactions between citizens and community services for advances in economic development, health, community safety, education, housing, social health, volunteerism and democratic participation. Socially Smart Communities can analyze this data to track Socio-economic Indicators and combine this data to refine and improve their understanding of the current condition of vulnerable populations and the impacts of their initiatives and programs.
THE SOCIALLY SMART COMMUNITY A G E N D A The Socially Smart Community Canadian Index of Wellbeing The Case for Community-level Data Approaches to Identifying and Collecting Community Data Combining Data to Expose New Relationships Tools, Types of Analysis and Output Governance Privacy and Security MyPerthHuron.ca
The Eight Domains of the CIW
Validity the extent to which the indicator was directly related to well-being based on compelling evidence in the literature Criteria for the selection of CIW Indicators Quality the extent to which the indicator could be derived from credible sources and was easy to define and understand Reliability consistency in the way in which the indicator has been measured in different years (e.g., consistent question wording across survey years) Feasibility the extent to which data were available and relatively easily accessible.
Community Vitality Democratic Engagement Vital communities are those that have strong, active and inclusive relationships among residents, the private and public sectors, and civil society organisations, relationships that promote individual and collective well-being. Engagement democratically is the state of being involved in advancing democracy through political institutions, organisations, and activities. A healthy democracy requires ongoing democratic engagement both during and between elections. Education Societies that thrive encourage that thirst for knowledge at every age and stage. Domains of the Canadian Index of Wellbeing Environment The environment, the basis for our health, our communities, and our economy source of our sustained well-being. and is the Healthy Populations Leisure and Culture Living Standards Time Use Healthy populations: not only the physical, mental, and social well-being of the population, but life expectancy, lifestyle and behaviours, and the circumstances that influence health as well as health care quality, access, and public health services. By participating in leisure and cultural activities, whether arts, culture, or recreation, contributes to our well-being as individuals and to our communities. These forms of human expression help to fully define our lives, and ultimately, ultimately our well-being. The level and distribution of income and wealth, with particular emphasis on poverty rates, income volatility, employment, economic security, and work-related issues and outcomes. Time use measures how people experience and spend their time, and how the use of our time our affects well-being, our balance: the length of our work week and our work arrangements, time pressure, and the time we spend in leisure and volunteerism.
C o m p o n e n t S u b - c o m p o n e n t Indicator Social Engagement CIW Well-being indicators for the Community Vitality domain Social and civic participation Social support Community safety Social Norms and Values Attitudes towards community Percentage of population reporting participation in organized activities Percentage of population who provide unpaid help to other living on their own Percentage of population with six or more close friends Crime Severity Index Percentage of population that feels safe from crime walking alone at night Percentage of population that feels most or many people can be trusted Percentage of population that has experienced discrimination in the past five years Percentage of population reporting a very or somewhat strong sense of belonging to the community
Case for Community-Level Data 1: Dr. Snow plotted all the cases of cholera on the map and noticed that many were clustered close to the Broad Street pump, which was liked because of its flavour. Lesson learned: Location and local knowledge matters. Census and disease statistics alone wouldn t have solved the problem.
Case for Community - Level Data 2: Are Food Banks located where they are needed? Data: income, food store locations, food bank locations, school breakfast programs Lesson learned: Aggregated income data isn t sufficient, local insight is needed
Indicators such as those in the CIW, though initially identified through citizen consultation, are narrowed down, compiled and validated by experts. COMMUNITY-LEVEL INDICATORS ARE DIFFERENT Community-level indicators are often identified and derived by community-level organizations and individuals. An indicator s validity relies on the credibility of the supplier of the data and a consistent approach to collection and reporting. Community experts and external experts can, where feasible, work together to identify data needs and sources.
Local groups that purchased data that can be compiled and incorporated into the platform Local 211 statistics e.g.: top 10 caller information requests Data from local service providers (hospitals, city social services, CAS, food banks etc.) uploaded to platform in real-time Local Data from Province, StatsCan, National Household Survey etc. Data from County, Municipal and First Nations sources Data from local community organizations such as local/ youth, seniors, service groups, grassroots organizations etc. Survey given to community members to discover overall perception and well-being (Pending funding) Additional data yet to be discovered from grassroots organization and groups and future research findings Data from local Health Units
We decided to only work with community-level experts in Perth-Huron. We recognize that we needed the leadership of a trusted party that could mobilize APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING AND COLLECTING COMMUNITY-LEVEL DATA community participation. The United Way provided community connections and a collection point for fund requests, funds and data. Community foundations and charities can be trusted lead partners.
To identify appropriate data and collection opportunities : the stakeholder process must be inclusive formal groups could be the social service agencies, APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING AND COLLECTING COMMUNITY-LEVEL DATA government departments, organized charities, educational authorities and public health units, where informal groups might be food banks, sports groups and churches could participate smaller and rural communities may be challenged with data analysis but software design and the temporary assistance of a data analyst can assist with identifying, organizing and downloading initial datasets
The trusted lead party needs to maintain the stakeholder structure to allow evolution of the original data scheme Participants should not able to share data without COMBINING DATA TO EXPOSE NEW RELATIONSHIPS some form of data-sharing agreement and related mutual permissions including what can be presented and to whom Geographic analysis of community-level data offers an opportunity to interrelate social, physical and biological indicators to yield insights into the influences of population, social organization, technology, and environmental effects upon a public problem or concern
Income-based rental benchmark Market-based rental benchmark Affordability Benchmarks Income-based ownership benchmark Market-based ownership benchmark Percentage of new residential construction that is affordable to low and moderate income households HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS INDICATORS Shelter cost-to-income ratio (percentage of households paying more than 30% of income on housing) Core Housing Need (affordability, adequacy and suitability) Percentage of households that require major repair Percentage of household living in overcrowded housing according to the National Occupancy Standard Percentage of households in core housing need (by tenure) Household size and composition Percentage of one person households Percentage of lone parent households
Average # of people per hectare Average # of people and jobs per hectare Ratio of people to jobs Density Ratio of land in residential use Average # of residential dwellings per hectare Average # of people per household HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS INDICATORS Eviction Prevention Percentage of new residential units constructed in the built-up areas Usage of Rent Bank programs Usage of Emergency Energy programs # and type of emergency shelter beds (resources) Homelessness Number and profile of sheltered and unsheltered homeless Household size and composition ALOS in shelters Percentage of one person households Percentage of lone parent households
Supply - Private Number and mix of occupied dwellings (single-detached dwellings, semi- detached dwellings, row and town houses and apartments) Number and mix of new residential dwellings that have been completed each year Number and type of residential dwellings that have been demolished each year Market Ownership Number of rental units that have been converted to condominiums each year Average resale prices (by structure type) HOUSING AND HOMELESSNESS INDICATORS Supply -Private Market Rental Subsidized housing Tenure Average (or median) value of dwellings Vacancy rates (by unit size) Average rental rates by unit size Average amount spent on rent + utilities per month per renter household Number of new accessory apartments registered each year # of subsidized housing units (permanent v. temporary) # of supportive housing units (permanent v. temporary) Percentage of population that lives in subsidized housing Percentage change in the number of active households on the centralized waiting list (by unit size, household type and geography) Average waiting time for social housing (by unit size, household type and geography) Ratio between housed households and new applicants (by unit size, household type and geography) Trends in the number of rent supplement (housing allowance) units Building condition audits Ratio of owners to renters Age of primary household maintainers by tenure
TIME USE INDICATORS Arts and Culture Physical Activity Library Tourism Volunteering Faith participation in arts and culture events (not an organization) attendance at cultural events employment in cultural industries Municipal spending on all arts and culture as a % of total municipal expenditures Household expenditures in past year on culture and recreation as a % of total Leisure-time physical activity; moderately active or active (%) % of school-aged children walking to school Household spending on sports and recreation as a % of total expenditures % of population using gyms, walking clubs, running clubs, etc. on a regular basis # of free physical activity programs # of children/youth receiving subsidies for sports and recreation programs Municipal spending on recreation and parks as a percentage of total expenditures Usage of local recreation and cultural facilities % of population that are active patrons Library use (as measured by circulation/types of loans) Amount of time visitors spend here # of visitors to festivals # of tourists Proportion of residents planning a vacation in coming year Average number of days on holidays in previous year Volunteer hours associated with minor sports activities Volunteer hours associated with cultural activities % of population attending church/religious events on a regular basis Charitable giving rate for faith groups
While social indicators tend to be examined in isolated silos. It is not often that they are combined in order to determine interactions. Poverty, unemployment, poor health, poor housing, crime and COMBINING DATA TO EXPOSE NEW RELATIONSHIPS poor educational standards are not independent variables. There are many possible combinations. What is the geography of a community in relation to education, food security, health and income levels? How do income levels relate to food security or volunteering? Are poor people less healthy than those with a higher income? What biases can be dispelled about a community? There are just so many possibilities to explore.
Sharing data can be extremely powerful when trying to assess a community s well-being and plan through the implementation of future laws and policies. Tools to analyze the community indicator data can include: TOOLS, TYPES OF ANALYSIS AND OUTPUT the ability to access multiple datasets from different sources to display a single combined dataset; reports in the form of lists; tools such as graphs and charts to show data relationships; statistical tools to manipulate data; and maps to show geographic relationships of multiple data layers and to support geographic queries
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Communities as Patients Personal health problem Vital signs Other Tests Diagnose Treat Repeat Community health problem Capture Data Vital signs, Tests Diagnose (analysis) New or altered services Treat Repeat Longitudinal - time Convert community data to community action/wisdom
Current Community Practice Obtain data StatsCan Reliable, old Questionnaires Sample Unavailable data Issues: Data is old (5 years?) Not community-based No treatment No way to measure treatment Diagnose Communities - huge sources of data
WATER QUALITY MODELLING & MONITORING WITH BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
WATER QUALITY MODELLING & MONITORING WITH BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Several principles for governance by contributing community organizations are evolving from our research: Privacy of the individual and security of the data should be paramount; Gathering community-level data should be governed GOVERNANCE by the community and data suppliers; Suppliers of data own the data and can remove that data from the platform at any time; Organizations that wish to share data must respect the privacy of the individual; The consumers of the data may have confidence in the results; and The system will need an audit capability to ensure validity and reliability.
Community-level data are very resolute and can often be used to identify individuals. Suppliers and users of data, particularly when datasets PRIVACY AND SECURITY are combined should be very sensitive to how the data are to be used. Specifically, they should be clear about the audience for the results and whether the results should be accessible to the public. The platform needs to be designed to prevent unapproved access to data, particularly multiple datasets that when combined can often reveal personal details.
A steering committee should be established that is representative of the community and oversees the data PRIVACY AND SECURITY suppliers and acts on their behalf. Organizations that wish to share data to gain new insights into the community must sign data sharing agreements that respect the privacy of individuals and determine who can view the results.
How is it possible to make information accessible to appropriate agencies and support sharing among agencies? A community-based system can have a two-level PRIVACY AND SECURITY structure. Data can be: Public where the possibility of invasion of privacy is non-existent even when data sets are combined, or Published but protected where parties who want access to the data can only have access if they agree to a restrictive data sharing and to display this covenant.
How such a data and display covenant might operate. A data sharing and display agreement is signed among all participants with the conditions under which the data becomes available to whom and how to decide what is displayed. PRIVACY AND SECURITY The data is uploaded to a cloud platform and secured: Access to the data can be provided through a twofactor or two-step verification process where users must supply two different components to identify themselves. In order to provide an extra degree of security the data can be encrypted where sharing of keys is limited.
THANK YOU WWW.MYPERTHHURON.CA MCGARRY@COMAP.CA KYOUNG@CSG.UWATERLOO.CA, DCOWAN@CSG.UWATERLOO.CA