Problems of limited orbital resources and ITU regulations for satellite services Mindaugas SRUOGIUS Deputy Head of Satellite and Fixed Services Division Space Economy in the Multipolar World - SEMW2010 October 6-8, 2010 VILNIUS, LITHUANIA 1 psl
Problems in Space? On the Earth... in the Space. Tough rivalry for the Place in the SKY 2 psl
Content Definition of Orbital Spectrum Resources (OSR) Problems of limited OSR Frequency domain Orbits GSO occupation Satellite separation, coordination arc, coverage area New frequencies / new LTU allotment in FSS plan Other factors Main principals governing OSR ITU-R structure and role ITU regulations for satellite networks Coordination Plans Cost recovery for filing 3 psl
Orbital Spectrum Resources Orbital Spectrum Resources could be defined as a set of frequencies, orbital position or orbital parameters for NGSO LEO, MEO, HEO and service area. Other specific technical characteristics may include Satellite/Earth station antenna parameters,c/i, C/N, PFD, EIRP... Service area - Lithuania 0.00 Frequency -14/12GHz -3.00 Position - 9W 4 psl
Problems limited frequencies Radio waves do not stop at national borders! Inter-service and intra-service compatibility Space services vs terrestrial services Different status BSS FSS MSS AMSS LMSS MMSS RNSS RDSS RLSS SRS EESS ISS SOS RA MetSS ASS 5 psl
Problems only one GSO orbit HEO MEO GSO length 265000 km LEO Some compatibility difficulties in LEO, MEO or HEO Biggest problems - GSO (unique orbit, especially for Satcom) 6 psl
Problems - GSO real occupation Known objects ~ 1120 (Environmental issues - Rec S.1003) More than 400 operating satellites Plans: to place more than 200 satellites till 2018 (20 sat/year) 7 psl
Problems - GSO occupation Europe Biggest concentration over America and Europe Paper / virtual satellites! NorthAmerica There are no match between MIFR and real satellites. MIFR included around 450 single GSO positions whereas most real time tracking databases with public information indicated around 380 GSO networks in operation 8 psl
Problems satellite separation Station keeping tolerance ± 0,1 (0,1 ~ 75 km) Orbital arc 7 E-33 E (Standard unplanned Ku) : at least one satellite each three degrees or less, having wide European coverage 9 psl
Problems coverage vs service area Service area - agreed protection provided Coverage area - permits wanted quality in absence of interference Beam area - half power beam - Steerable beams! 10 psl
Coordination problems Coordination of adjacent orbital positions: Network No.1 23,2E Network No.2 23,5E Over 70% of satellite networks recorded in MIFR are with missing coordination agreements However reported interference cases almost non existent! 11 psl
Number of orbital positions Number of satellite networks Number of administrations Problems coordination arc Number of administrations to coordinate with 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 Longitude ( E) The new satellite network in the 13.75-14.5 GHz frequency band would have to coordinate with ±9 ±4 Number of orbital positions to coordinate with 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 Longitude ( E) Number of satellite networks to coordinate with 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 Longitude ( E) 12 psl
Problems (New/higher frequencies) 22 GHz band (600 MHz) for HDTV (3D/UHDTV) The decision on the usage of band (planing, coordination) will be taken in the WRC-12 Currently: 12 MIFR, 22-notification, 229-coordination, 664-advanced publication 524 unique orbital positions identified (Region 1 and 3) Big diversity of system parameters Practically even now no place for newcomers! 13 psl
Problems - new LTU allotment in FSS Plan Compatibility examination in Appendix 30B o 10 test points with minimum 10 degree elevation angle o GSO service arc from 29,37 W to 76,31 E o Calculation interval - 0,1 NO CLEAR positions were found Only two positions were proposed: - 9,30 W (requires accept degradation of C/I) - 28,80 W (requires coordination) 29,37W 28,80W 9,30W 23,47E 76,31 visible GSO arc 14 psl
Problems other factors Economical considerations: position development, satellite life time 15 years Geographical considerations: Service area Lithuania, Earth station elevation angle 10, Satellite geocentric separation: 2-3 ; GSO service arc - 100, Orbital positions/networks: 30-50 Satellite antenna beam width vs number of satellite networks Inhomogeneous systems parameter Not clear definition of bringing into use : Operation of a satellite at the nominal orbital location but with characteristics different to those notified; Operation at the nominal orbital location for periods of days or even hours before relocation to another orbital location; Transitory operation at the nominal location while the satellite is drifting from one orbital location to another; Using a single satellite to bring into use multiple assignments at different orbital locations 15 psl
Main principals governing OSR Article 44 ITU Constitution & No. 0.3 Preamble RR... radio frequencies and any associated orbits, including the geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) are limited natural resources...... their use should be rational, efficient and economical... that countries may have equitable access, to those orbits and frequencies, taking in to account the special needs of the developing countries and the geographical situation of particular countries. Main purpose of RR : Interference-free operation of Radiocommunications 16 psl
ITU-R structure and role Country A Country B 17 psl
ITU regulations of satellite networks Main OSR access methods: - Coordination (First come, first served); effective use of spectrum, flexible technical characteristics, new technological decisions, difficult and time consuming process. - Planning (BSS and FSS); equitable access to all countries, long-term international protection (supervision is required!), technical limitations apply. 18 psl
Coordination of satellite networks Through ITU-R BR Between countries 19 psl
Coordination procedure 20 psl
Coordination forms 21 psl
Coordination of Non-GSO networks (I) RR 22.2 2 1) Non-GSO satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to and, unless otherwise specified in these Regulations, shall not claim protection from GSO satellite networks RR Article 9 contains (almost) all cases (forms) of coordination for Non- GSO satellite networks: 9.7A and 9.7B Non-GSO (FSS) vs ES (GSO (FSS)) 9.12 Non-GSO vs Non-GSO 9.12A, 9.13 Non-GSO vs GSO 9.15, 9.16 ES (Non-GSO) vs Terr. stations Conditions, Thresholds and Methods given in Tables 5-1 and 5-2 differ according to the specific cases (forms) of coordination (GSO Non-GSO, Non-GSO Non-GSO, Non-GSO terrestrial stations) 22 psl
Coordination of Non-GSO networks (II) Different sharing scenarios: system using non-gso orbits shall be operated such that the minimum elevation angle over the service area is not less than 55 mask of power flux-density values at the Earth s surface produced by emissions from a non-gso space station shall be that systems using non-gso satellites shall be limited to national services that for multiple-beam non-gso satellite antennas in the FSS having either circular or elliptical beams, the following radiation patterns should be used that when considering the design of non-gso FSS systems the definition for epfdup or epfdis (equivalent pfd) should be Extremely sophisticated environment and interference calculations! 23 psl
BSS plan Established 1977 m. Amended 1997 ir 2000 m. 223 Downlinks 301 Feederlinks 10 channels x 27 MHz List (additional use) 43 networks 24 psl
FSS Plan Established in 1988 Modified in 2007 Main parameters: Orbital position 2 x 800 MHz (DL ir UL) National coverage Possibility implement additional systems (national allotment always protected). Implementation not later than 8 years, not earlier than 2 years. 25 psl
Cost recovery for filing Plans Coordination Notification One network per country per year is FREE! 26 psl
In summary Already congested GSO Cumbersome access to OSR Dynamic and ever changing environment Very complicated satcom networks coordination procedures More countries take part in satcom activities - more complicated access to new comers Elaboration of satcom regulatory mechanism requires respect of different countries/interests 27 psl
Every country may find its way in the Space jungles Thank you! Communications Regulatory Authority of the Republic of Lithuania Algirdo 27 LT-03219 Vilnius; tel. (8 5) 210 5633;e-mail: rrt@rrt.lt 28 psl