NRC Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics

NRC Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics SKA Pre-Construction Update Séverin Gaudet, Canadian Astronomy Data Centre David Loop, Director Astronomy Technology June 2016 update

SKA Pre-Construction NRC Involvement CSP, Central Signal Processing Consortium led by NRC, with MacDonald Detwiler & Associates (MDA) Participation from CSIRO, Manchester, Swinburne, many others SKA-Mid.CBF correlator/beamformer Brent Carlson / Michael Rupen DSH, Dish Array Consortium led by CSIRO, with SA, China, NRC, Sweden, Italy, Germany, UK Single Pixel Feed cryogenic LNAs Frank Jiang Single Pixel Feed digitizers Kris Caputa PAF, Phased Array Feeds Advanced Instrument Program (AIP) after re-baselining Band 2 room temp PAF Bruce Veidt Band 4 cryogenic PAF Lisa Locke SDP, Science Data Processor Consortium led by U Cambridge, with Astron, ICRAR, SKA-SA, NRC-CADC Science data product delivery Séverin Gaudet Pipelines Tony Willis

SKA Mid.CBF Correlator / Beamformer SKA1-Mid correlator / beamformer block diagram Timing Local Timing & Clock Distribution F Blades X Blades 133 SKA1-Dishes (1 Beam) 64 MeerKAT- Dishes (1 Beam) Rx Rx Switch resampling Buffer* WB Delay Tracker Coarse Imaging Channeliser PSS Channeliser PST Channeliser Fringe Phase/ Fine Delay Fine Channeliser Auto Corrolation +RFI Flagging Corner Turn & Cross Connect Correlator & VLBI Beamformer BF Blades Pulsar Search & Pulsar Timing Beamformer Integrated u-v VLBI Beams Pulsar Search Beams Pulsar Timing Beams SDP SDP Facility Pulsar Search Engine Pulsar Timing Engine Buffer Freeze (Transient Capture) Captured Transient Data* SDP Local Monitor and Control CBF Monitor and Control Master

Dish Antenna Down Select In Nov 2016, the MTM/CETC54 panelized aluminum space-frame antenna concept was chosen over the NRC composite antenna.

Single Pixel Feed Digitizer / Receiver Direct sampling of all bands (no heterodyne) Data streaming to CSP on 100G Ethernet Shared B123 digitizer (TI ADC12J4000) 4 GSps 12 bit resolution B5 digitizer (under development) 20 GSps 4-bit resolution

Single Pixel Feed Digitizer / Receiver Entire RF path and ADC located on feed indexer Optical data links to pedestal FPGA board and other digital components in shielded dish pedestal Feed indexer Feed LNA A ADC E O Optic links pedestal O E FPGA Carrier Board CSP

Single Pixel Feed Cryogenic LNAs SPF Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers Band 2 with SKA South Africa/EMSS Band 5 with Oxford/Chalmers/JLRAT Onsala/Chalmers decided to go with their own room temp LNA for Band 1 Industry manufacturing Nanowave Technologies ALMA LNAs MeerKat LNAs

Phased Array Feeds In the Mar 2015 Re-Baselining, the SKA1-Survey telescope and the Phased Array Feeds (PAFs) were deleted. PAF development was recommended to continue under an advanced instrumentation program (AIP), to make PAFs available for use on SKA-Mid during SKA2. Preliminary meetings have been held between NRC, CSIRO, and Astron to discuss the formation of a PAF AIP consortium, and this will get formalized in the coming months. NRC will continue its current developments L-band (SKA Band 2) room temperature Vivaldi C-band (SKA Band4) cryogenic Vivaldi. NRC has future plans for cryogenic PAFs at higher frequencies.

Phased Array Feeds The primary scientific driver for feed arrays is survey speed, for which the figure-of-merit may be expressed as: SSFoM nbeamωbeam BW η / Tsys 2 Where nbeamωbeam is the total sky area covered by the feed array, where BW is the effective bandwidth, η is the effective antenna efficiency, and Tsys is the system temperature. A phased array feed is scientifically interesting if it is not too costly, and if the SSFoM is significantly higher than that of a state-of-the-art single pixel feed, eg; the SKA Baseline design V1 had this ratio at x16 for Survey Band2 PAF relative to Mid Band2 SPF.

L-band room temperature Vivaldi PAF Tsys hot/cold load test results below would translate into Tsys~28K on-sky. EMSS SPF results were Tsys~14k on-sky

CryoPAF4 Cryogenic Vivaldi PAF History 2014: DISH consortium, Band 3 2015: NRC project, new frequency Goals Phased array feed receiver Frequency: 2.80 5.18 GHz Tsys~19K noise temperature, cryogenically cooled antennas and LNAs 96 active elements Dual linear polarization

CryoPAF4 Cryogenic Vivaldi PAF

SKA Science Data Processor (SDP)

SKA Science Data Processor (SDP) Passed dpdr in May 2016 Delivery of data to Science Regional Centres (SRC) only Prototyping Interfaces Delivery to SRCs Pipeline elements Critical design to be completed by 2018

SKA SDP Related projects EGI$Engage)! CANFAR)federation)roadmap) Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA Precursor regional centre functionality with precursor or other radio facility data MeerKAT, ASKAP, MWA, VLASS,? Representation on the SKA Regional Centre Coordination Group?

Canadian Opportunity Basket for SKA1 Canadian contribution share Likely 6% of 650 Meuro > 39 Meuro Complicated by treaty organization and membership possibilities Current opportunity basket from NRC developments SKA_MID correlator/beamformer ~30 Meuro SPF LNAs for bands 1&5, 4 x 133 x 3k ~2 Meuro SPF digitizers, 133 x 80k Other opportunities ~11 Meuro ~43 Meuro Open tender for commercial goods, eg; high speed fiber > Ciena/Teraxion SDP: Delivery software, pipeline software

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