Optical Design with Zemax for PhD - Basics Lecture 3: Properties of optical sstems II 2013-05-30 Herbert Gross Summer term 2013 www.iap.uni-jena.de
2 Preliminar Schedule No Date Subject Detailed content 1 02.05. Introduction 2 16.05. Fundamentals 3 23.05. Properties of optical sstems I Zemax interface, menus, file handling, sstem description, editors, preferences, updates, sstem reports, coordinate sstems, aperture, field, wavelength, glass catalogs, laouts, ratrace, sstem insertion, scaling, component reversal Diameters, stop and pupil,pick ups, solves, variables, ra fans, quick focus, 3D geometr, ideal lenses, vignetting, footprints, afocal sstems, Aspheres, gratings and diffractive surfaces, special tpes of surfaces, telecentricit 4 30.05. Properties of optical sstems II Ra aiming, Delano diagram, lens catalogs 5 06.06. Aberrations I Representations, geometrical aberrations, spot, Seidel, transverse aberration curves, Zernike wave aberrations 6 13.06. Aberrations II PSF, MTF, ESF 7 20.06. Imaging Fourier imaging, geometrical images 8 27.06. Advanced handling I Slider, universal plot, I/O of data, multi configurations 9 04.07. Optimization Algorithms, merit function, methodolog, correction process, examples 10 11.07. Correction I Principles, simple sstems
3 Contents 1. Ra aiming 2. Delano diagram 3. Lens catalogs 4. Afocal and telecentric sstems 5. Slider and universal plots
4 Ra Aiming Userdefined diameter at a surface in the Lens Data Editor (U) - serves also as drawing size in the laout (for nice laouts) - if the diameter of the sstem stop is fixed, the initial aperture can be computed automaticall b General / Aperture Tpe / Float b Stop Size This corresponds to a ra aiming on the rim of the stop surface. The aperture values in the PRESCRIPTION DATA list then changes with the diameter A more general aiming and determination of the opening for all predefined diameters is not possible in Zemax
Delano Diagram Special representation of ra bundles in optical sstems: marginal ra height MR vs. chief ra height CR Delano digram gives useful insight into sstem laout Ever z-position in the sstem corresponds to a point on the line of the diagram Interpretation needs experience lens at pupil position field lens in the focal plane collimator lens marginal ra lens field lens collimator chief ra
Delano Diagram Pupil locations: intersection points with -axis exit pupil Field planes/object/image: intersectioin points with -bar axis stop and entrance pupil lens object plane image plane Construction of focal points b parallel lines to initial and final line through origin front focal point F image space object space rear focal point F'
Delano Diagram Influence of lenses: diagram line bended weak negative refractive power weak positive refractive power strong positive refractive power Location of principal planes principal plane P object space image space P
Delano Diagram Afocal Kepler-tpe telescope lens 1 objective intermediate focal point lens 2 eepiece Effect of a field lens lens 1 objective intermediate focal point field lens lens 2 eepiece
Delano Diagram Microscopic sstem microscope objective aperture stop tube lens telecentric object intermediate image image at infinit exit pupil eepiece
10 Delano Diagram Conjugated point are located on a straight line through the origin conjugate line conjugate line with m = 1 Distance of a sstem point from origin gives the sstems half diameter conjugate points principal point object space image space curve of the sstem lens 1 lens 2 maximum height of the coma ra at lens 2 lens 3 D/2
Delano Diagram Location of principal planes in the Delano diagram P principal plane object space image space P Triplet Effect of stop shift lens L1 lens L2 lens L3 stop shift object plane image plane
Delano Diagram Kepler telescope with field lens lens 1 objective intermediate image field lens Microscopic illumination source lens 2 eepiece collector field stop condenser aperture stop
Delano Diagram Tele sstem Galilean telescope positive lens pupil negative lens image Retro focus objective negative lens pupil positive lens image
Delano Diagram Vignetting : ra heigth from axis a Marginal and chief ra considered sstem polgon line lens 1 lens 2 maximum height at lens 2 Line parallel to -45 maximum diameter lens 3 D/2 object coma ra marginal ra pupil + chief ra
Delano Diagram Vignettierung : position of the sstem surface maximum height of the coma ra line of the Delano diagram MR CR aperture bundle radius free of vignetting D/2 = 2 +
Delano Diagram in Zemax Delanos -bar diagram Simple implementation in Zemax 16
Delano Diagram in Zemax Example: - Lithographic projection lens - the bulges can be seen b characteristic arcs - telecentricit: vertical lines - diameter variation - pupil location 35 34 33 32 36 37 38 39 40 MR 31 30 29 28 27 D max /2 pupil 26 25 23 24 smallest beam diameter: surface 25 largest beam diameter: surface 19 12 11 10 9 22 13 87 19 18 21 2017 16 14 15 positive lenses negative lenses 41 645 23 1 telecentric image 42 43 telecentric object 0 CR 17
Lens Catalogs Lens catalogs: Data of commercial lens vendors Searching machine for one vendor Componenets can be loaded or inserted Preview and data prescription possible Special code of components in brackets according to search criteria 18
Lens Catalogs Some sstem with more than one lens available Sometimes: - aspherical constants wrong - hidden data with diameters, wavelengths,... - problems with old glasses Data stored in binar.zmf format Search over all catalogs not possible Catalogs changes dnamicall with ever release Private catalog can be generated 19
Object or field at infinit Image in infinit: - collimated exit ra bundle - realized in binoculars image image at infinit Object in infinit - input ra bundle collimated - realized in telescopes - aperture defined b diameter not b angle lens acts as aperture stop field lens stop ee lens object at infinit collimated entrance bundle image in focal plane
Angle Aberrations Angle aberrations for a ra bundle: deviation of ever ra from common direction of the collimated ra bundle Representation as a conventional spot diagram Quantitative spreading of the collimated bundle in mrad / real beam perfect collimated Du real angle spectrum z
22 Telecentricit Special stop positions: 1. stop in back focal plane: object sided telecentricit 2. stop in front focal plane: image sided telecentricit 3. stop in intermediate focal plane: both-sided telecentricit Telecentricit: 1. pupil in infinit 2. chief ra parallel to the optical axis object object sides chief ras parallel to the optical axis telecentric stop image
23 Telecentricit Double telecentric sstem: stop in intermediate focus Realization in lithographic projection sstems object lens f 1 telecentric lens f 2 stop image f 1 f 1 f 2 f 2
24 Special Cases of Wave Aberrations p 3. afocal sstem - exit pupil in infinit - plane wave as reference wave front reference plane z image in infinit 4. telecentric sstem chief ra parallel to axis p ' wave front reference sphere z pupil plane axial chromatic ideal image plane
25 Telecentricit, Infinit Object and Afocal Image 1.Telecentric object space Set in menue General / Aperture Means entrance pupil in infinit Chief ra is forced to b parallel to axis Fixation of stop position is obsolete Object distance must be finite Field cannot be given as angle 2.Infinit distant object Aperture cannot be NA Object size cannot be height Cannot be combined with telecentricit 3.Afocal image location Set in menue General / Aperture Aberrations are considered in the angle domain Allows for a plane wave reference Spot automaticall scaled in mrad
26 Slider Slider option in menue: Tools / Miscellaneous / Slider Dependence of chosen window output as a function of a varing parameter Automatic scan or manual adjustment possible Example 1: spot for changing the aspherical constant of 4th order of a lens Example 2: Optical compensated zoom sstem
27 Universal Plot Possibilit to generate individual plots for special properties during changing one or two parameters Usuall the criteria of the merit function are shown Demonstration: aspherical lens, change of Strehl ratio with values of constants The sensitivit of the correction can be estimated It is seen, that the aspherical constants on one side are enough to correct the sstem
28 Universal Plot One-dimensional: change of 4th order coefficient at first surface Two-dimensional case: dependence on the coefficients on both sides
29 Universal Plot Universal plot configurations can be saved and called later Useful example: spot diameter as a function of a variable: operator RSCH