ESE 230 Syllabus Prof. D. L. Rode Course Description: ESE 230. "Introduction to Electrical & Electronic Circuits" Electron and ion motion, electrical current and voltage. Electrical energy, current, voltage, and circuit elements. Resistors, Ohm's Law, power and energy, magnetic fields and dc motors. Circuit analysis and Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws. Thevenin and Norton transformations and the superposition theorem. Measuring current, voltage, and power using ammeters and voltmeters. Energy and maximum electrical power transfer. Computer simulations of circuits. Reactive circuits, inductors, capacitors, mutual inductance, electrical transformers, energy storage, and energy conservation. RL, RC and RLC circuit transient responses, biological cell action potentials due to Na and K ions. AC circuits, complex impedance, RMS current and voltage. Electrical signal amplifiers and basic operational amplifier circuits. Inverting, non-inverting, and difference amplifiers. Voltage gain, current gain, input impedance, and output impedance. Weekly laboratory exercises related to the lectures are an essential part of the course. Prerequisite: PHYS-118A. Corequisite: MATH-217. Credit 4. Textbook: J. W. Nilsson and S. A. Riedel, Electric Circuits, 8 th ed., Prentice Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-13-601110-1. Instructor: Prof. D. L. Rode, Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering Office: Bryan Hall 215 Office Hours For This Class: one hour before and after class E-mail: dlr@ese.wustl.edu. Grader: see Prof. Rode for contact information Goals: Fundamental physical understanding of the steady-state and time-dependent properties of electrical circuits. Successful execution of homework assignments, laboratory projects, and examination problems involving the design and analysis of electrical circuits. Prerequisites by Topic: 1. Atomic physics concepts 2. Computer-based analysis 3. Elementary differential equations 4. Elementary chemistry & physics Lecture Topics: 1. Electron transport in metallic conductors and ion transport in biological systems, electrical current, electrostatic potential energy and voltage. Coulomb's Law and the conservation of electrical current. Electrical power and energy. Conversion of mechanical, fossil fuel, nuclear, hydraulic, and heat energy to electrical energy. Idealized circuit elements: resistors, capacitors, inductors, voltage sources, and current sources. Independent and dependent sources. Electrical resistance and Ohm's Law. Electrical conductors and resistors. Idealized equivalent circuits and applications of Ohm's Law to dc electrical circuits. Light bulbs, carbon-zinc dry cells, 1
flashlights, dc gear motors, and I/V characteristics. Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws. Node analysis and loop analysis. (3 classes) 2. Time-dependent voltage and current sources. Time-dependent current, voltage, power, and energy. Constructing circuit models. Dependent current and voltage sources, and amplifiers. Circuit analysis and solving simultaneous equations using matrix algebra. Circuit simplification using equivalent circuits. Parallel and series combinations of circuit elements, and the Black Box concept. Voltage and current dividers. Nominal values and tolerances of circuit elements. Absolute and relative tolerances, and temperature coefficients. (4 classes) 3. Electromechanical, electronic, and digital voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters. Current and magnetic fields, coils, and solenoids. Circuit analysis by use of simultaneous equations and Node Voltage and Loop Current methods. Dependent sources and amplifier analysis. (3 classes) 4. Thevenin and Norton source transformations. Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits. Maximum power transfer. The Superposition Theorem and circuit analysis. Resistor values, the optical spectrum and the resistor color code and tolerances. Sensitivity analysis, relative and absolute sensitivities. (3 classes) 5. Inductors, capacitors, and mutual inductance. Inductors and magnetic fields. Capacitors and stored charge. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric constants. Tesla coil demonstration. Transient responses of RL and RC circuits. RC circuit models of action potentials in biological cells due to Na and K ions. Power and energy stored in inductors and capacitors. Series and parallel inductor and capacitor connections and equivalent circuits. Mutual inductance, self-inductance, magnetic field lines, and the Righthand Rule. Electrical signal transformation, electrical transformers, and coupling coefficients. Circuit analysis with mutual inductances. (3 classes) 6. LR, RC and magnetically coupled circuit natural responses, transient responses, step responses, and steady-state responses. Circuit analysis with sequential switching. PSPICE tutorial and PSPICE computer simulations of circuits. RLC circuit natural responses, transient responses, and step responses. Series and parallel RLC circuits. Under-damped, over-damped, and critically damped RLC circuits. Complex frequencies and circuit oscillations. Demonstrations of Electronics Workbench computer simulation results. Damped oscillations in RLC circuits, voltage and current transformation. Analogies to mechanical systems. (3 classes) 7. Time-dependent and sinusoidal (harmonic) sources. Rotating machinery and household electrical conventions. Voltage and current amplitudes, RMS values, energy and power considerations. Square waves, triangular waves, and saw-tooth waves. Steady-State sinusoidal (harmonic) responses, linear systems, and the Superposition Theorem. Inductor and capacitor frequency response, complex impedance, admittance, susceptance, and reactance. (3 classes) 8. Electronic amplifiers and basic operational amplifier circuits. The negative feedback concept and amplifier error and distortion. The inverting amplifier, the non-inverting 2
amplifier, the difference amplifiers, and instrumentation amplifiers. The TEE Summer and finite input-impedance effects. Closed-loop input impedance, output impedance, voltage gain, and current gain. (3 classes) ABET Category Content: Engineering Science: 2.0 credits or 50% Engineering Design: 2.0 credits or 50% 3
Homework Ground Rules: Your objective for this course should be the same as mine for you to learn as much as possible about electricity and electrical circuits, associated electrical devices, and their applications. Consistent with this objective, I encourage you to join an informal study group consisting of classmates of your choosing. You may discuss homework and examination material freely within your study group, but only your own individual work written out by yourself can be turned in and represented as your homework. Remember, grading is competitive and based on a historical "curve." So, if you work well alone you may prefer that method instead in order to preserve a competitive edge. Attendance: Attendance is entirely your concern. However, much of the material presented in class is not available in the textbook because I will cover additional material. It is foolish to think that you can gain a competitive understanding of the course material simply by reading a book. Consequently, it would be unwise to ignore the lecture material come examination time. Class Participation: Class participation in the form of answering questions, sleeping, eating, etc. is not a factor in the determination of your grade. Laboratory Participation: Participation in all of the laboratory sessions is required. Cell Phones: Cell phones are a normal part of life. Therefore, I encourage you to use cell phones and to answer them quietly in class if you find it necessary. However, you must immediately leave the room after you receive a call if you wish to speak further. You are not permitted to place calls while in class or examinations. Course Grading Examinations, Laboratory Exercises & Quizzes: There are 3 ninety-minute examinations which, altogether, count toward 50% of the final grade. Each examination will cover the material following the previous examination. The laboratory exercises altogether count as 25% of the final grade. Quizzes (weekly) altogether count as 25% of the final grade. Homework assignments will be given on-line. They are not to be turned in and graded; rather, weekly quizzes will be used to test comprehension of the homework material. Examination and Quiz Ground Rules: 1. You are expected to provide accurate, high-quality examination and quiz responses. No irrelevant material will be accepted (instead, points may be deducted). 2. During the examination or quiz, only clean paper, pens/pencils, and calculators will be allowed no books, computers, or notes of any kind are permitted except for 4
explicitly allowed note sheets which will be specified beforehand. You are responsible for knowing any fundamental constants you may need. 3. There will be 3 kinds of problems on the examinations: qualitative (narrative or commentary required), analytical (derivations and proofs), and quantitative (numerical results). Regarding quantitative problems, no credit will be given unless your answer is accurate to within 10 or 20%. 4. Each examination will last 90 minutes. Each quiz will last 15 to 20 minutes. When you finish, staple your work-pages onto the back of the examination or quiz, sign the top sheet, and turn in all of your work. 5
Lecture Schedule: TOPIC LECTURE Electricity, Ohm's Law, Circuit Models Lecture # 01 Kirchhoff's Laws, Loop & Node Analysis Lecture # 02 Dependent Sources, Amplifier Analysis Lecture # 03 Equivalent Circuits, Dividers, Resistors Lecture # 04 Voltmeters, Ammeters, Delta-Wye Transformation Lecture # 05 Circuit Analysis Methods, Simultaneous Equations Lecture # 06 Node Voltage & Loop Current Special Cases Lecture # 07 Matrix Algebra & Cramer's Rule Lecture # 08 Source Transformations, Thevenin & Norton Equivalents Lecture # 09 Examination #1 Thevenin & Norton Equivalents, Power Transfer Lecture # 10 Linear Systems and the Superposition Theorem Lecture # 11 Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance Lecture # 12 Inductor & Capacitor Transient Response Lecture # 13 Mutual Inductance, Magnetic Fields & Transformers Lecture # 14 LR & RC Circuit Transient Responses Lecture # 15 Computer Simulation of Electrical Circuits, PSPICE Lecture # 16 LR & RC Circuit Step Responses, Magnetic Coupling Lecture # 17 RLC Circuit Transient Response, Complex Frequencies Lecture # 18 Examination #2 Damped RLC Responses, Complex Frequency Lecture # 19 RLC Step Responses, Sinusoidal Sources Lecture # 20 Sinusoidal Responses Lecture # 21 Impedance, and Reactance Lecture # 22 Electronic amplifiers and basic operational amplifiers Lecture # 23 Negative feedback, amplifier error and distortion Lecture # 24 Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers Lecture # 25 Difference and instrumentation amplifiers Lecture # 26 Final Examination Week Examination #3 Projects: There will be one project assignment consisting of an essay or an analysis of a broad range of interdisciplinary subjects. 6
Laboratory Schedule: TOPIC LABORATORY Introduction to meters, instruments, and power supplies Laboratory # 1 PSPICE circuit simulation, DC circuits Laboratory # 2 DC motors, speed/torque/voltage characteristics Laboratory # 3 Oscilloscopes and waveform analysis Laboratory # 4 Multisim circuit simulation, RC circuits Laboratory # 5 RLC circuit simulation, audio-speaker filter operation Laboratory # 6 PSPICE circuit simulation, op-amps, inverting amplifier Laboratory # 7 PSPICE circuit simulation, non-inverting amplifier Laboratory # 8 RollerBot construction, soldering, optoelectronics Laboratory # 9 7