Company presentation Messer Group Gases for Life Messer 1-05/11
Company Contents Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 2-05/11
Short Profile Company Short Profile Specialist for Industrial Gases Company Messer is the largest owner-managed industrial gas company in the world. Products Messer produces and supplies oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium, inert welding gases, specialty gases, medical gases, food gases and many different gas mixtures. Customers All industrial sectors, healthcare as well as science and research benefit from its products and application technologies. Messer 3-05/11
Owner and CEO Company Management Stefan Messer, born on 20.01.1955 in Frankfurt am Main, married with two children CEO of Messer Group GmbH since 2004 In 2010, Stefan Messer was named Family Entrepreneur of the Year and received the Focus for Excellence award Stefan Messer s roles include: - Honorary Consul of the Republic of Slovenia - Member of the Board of Directors of the International Oxygen Manufacturers Association (IOMA), Washington - President of the EIGA (European Industrial Gases Association) - Vice President of the Frankfurt Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) - Member of the board of the German Welding Society (DVS) Profits are important to us, but they re not the be-all and end-all. It is just as important to be independent and to turn our own ideas into reality. Stefan Messer, CEO and owner of the Messer Group Messer 4-05/11
Management Company Management Together for success Stefan Messer, Chief Executive Officer Dr. Hans-Gerd Wienands, Chief Financial Officer Dr. Uwe Bechtolf, Controlling / Accounting & Strategy Johann Ringhofer, Engineering & Production Adolf Walth, Sales & Marketing Europe Executive headquarters / management of international operations: Messer-Platz 1 65812 Bad Soden am Taunus Headquarters of the central technical departments, Procurement and Logistics: Gahlingspfad 31 47803 Krefeld Messer 5-05/11
Supervisory Board Company Management The people behind the success Dr. Karl-Gerhard Seifert Dr. Bodo Lüttge Petra Messer Dr. Jürgen Heraeus (Chair) Peter Wilhelm Storm van s Gravesande (from left) A company needs to be free in order to invest in its independence. Dr. Jürgen Heraeus, Chair Messer 6-05/11
Our Mission Statement Company Mission Statement Vision Messer is an important industrial gases group in its core markets of Europe and China. Messer is and will remain an independent family-run business. We think and act decisively for a long term and measure ourselves by our sustained success. Together with our partners and associated companies in the field of wear, fusion, and cutting technologies as well as precision instrumentation we develop synergies and meet our customers needs expertly, reliably and with a flair for innovation. This is what makes us the first choice for our customers and employees. Messer 7-05/11
Mission Company Mission Statement As an owner-managed family business with a rich tradition we are focused on the future whilst taking into account the different conditions in our existing markets. We also use our experience and expertise to building up our position in new markets. Ranging from acetylene to xenon we offer our customers a wide range of technical and medical gases and food and specialty gases. Our product range is completed by our excellent services and stateof-the-art technical plants and equipment. In our highly modern technology centres we work together with our customers to develop application technologies for the use of gases in almost every industry, in food technology, medicine, science and research. Our efficient and dedicated employees, our flexibility and the closeness we feel to our customers in local markets makes us their preferred partner. Through entrepreneurial flair, farsighted thinking and the continuous improvement of our processes, we create added value for our customers and so secure our mutual success in the long term. Solid finances and fair profits guarantee our independence and support sustainable growth. Messer 8-05/11
Values Company Mission Statement Customer orientation We are focused on the individual requirements of our customers and help them to improve their competitiveness and their performance. Employee orientation We train, develop and promote motivated and efficient employees with integrity. We expect our employees to be resourceful and responsible team players. Responsible behaviour We take our social responsibilities towards our employees and to society very seriously: Safety, Health, Environment Corporate responsibility By responsibly managing our resources and applying the talents of our employees we are increasing the worth of our company in the long term. Excellence Our actions are based on technical expertise, innovation, flexibility and the ability to make quick decisions. Mutual trust and respect We believe that cooperation is based on trust, sincerity, transparency and frank communication. We respect and abide by the culture and social customs of the countries in which we work. Messer 9-05/11
Employees Company Employees Our most important asset 5,288 employees worldwide, with 90% of them outside the German-speaking countries Targeted employee development through regular training measures Intercultural competence through international staff exchange Training at many locations worldwide, the training rate for the location in Germany is approx. 4.8%. Transnational ideas management Growing sales and a growing workforce go hand in hand at Messer. Stefan Messer Messer 10-05/11
History Company History 113 Years of competence in industrial gases Foundation: 1898 Adolf Messer forms the Frankfurter Acetylen-Gas-Gesellschaft Messer & Cie. in Höchst for the production of acetylene developers and light fittings. 1903 Ernst Wiss develops the first hydrogen-oxygen cutting torch at Griesheim-Elektron. These are followed by machines and equipment for gas welding technology. 1908 Chemische Fabrik Griesheim Elektron begins operation of its first oxygen plant. Growth: 1965 Birth of Messer Griesheim GmbH under Hans Messer. Merger Adolf Messer GmbH with parts of Knapsack-Griesheim AG from Hoechst 1966 Expansion in Western Europe and in North America 1990 Expansion in Eastern and Central Europe 1995 Entry into China and rapid expansion 2001 Goldman Sachs Funds and Allianz Capital Partners take over the shares of Hoechst (Aventis). Family ownership: 2004 The Messer family again owns 100% of the company. 2005 The Messer family again owns 100% of Cutting and Welding Division. 2006 Billion Euro turnover mark exceeded: Messer Group and Messer Eutectic Castolin. Expansion of activities in Europe and Asia 2008 Founding of Messer Industriegase GmbH in Germany 2011 Move to a joint group head office Bad Soden Messer 11-05/11
Locations Contents Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 12-05/11
More than 60 locations in over 34 countries Locations Worldwide America: Europe: Africa: Asia: Australia: Peru Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Montenegro Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia (Kaliningrad) Serbia Slovenia Slovakia Spain Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Algeria China Vietnam New Zealand Messer 13-05/11
Independent product supply in Europe Locations Europe Air separation units Estonia Latvia existing air separation units air separation units in construction or planning Denmark Russia Lithuania Netherlands Poland Belgium Germany Ukraine Czech Republic Austria Slovakia Hungary Romania France Slovenia Switzerland Italy Croatia Bosnia- Herzegovina Serbia Bulgaria Portugal Spain Montenegro Macedonia Albania Turkey Messer 14-05/11
Central and South-Eastern Europe Locations Europe Main focuses Market leader (over 40%) in four countries Centre of expertise for metallurgical and industrial applications, Austria Certified production of gases for the food industry in nine and for medical applications in 16 countries Secure cash flows from on-site facilities in: Austria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic On-site hydrogen plants in Austria, Serbia, Slovakia and Hungary Specialty gases plants in Austria and Hungary CO 2 sources in Croatia, Macedonia, Austria, Poland, Serbia and Hungary Messer 15-05/11
Western Europe Locations Europe Main focuses Re-entry into the German industrial gas market with the entire product range, two air separation plants and a cylinder filling plant Centre of expertise for industrial and food applications in France Strong position in Spain thanks to pipeline network On-site hydrogen plant in Switzerland Specialty gases plants in Switzerland, Belgium and France CO 2 -sources and outstanding positions in the CO 2 market in Benelux, France and Italy Messer 16-05/11
Product supply in China Locations China Air separation units existing air separation units air separation units in construction or planning Xichang Chengdu Panzhihua Leshan Xiangtan Zhangjiagang Wujiang Shanghai Ningbo Anning Yuxi Kunming Foshan Shunde Yangjiang Messer 17-05/11
China Locations China Main points: Messer was one of the pioneers in China and has had a presence there since 1995. The industrial gases market there is predicted to grow by 16% a year. Eleven operating companies, over 30 air separation units, mainly for supplying steelworks Focus on three main regions, with leading positions above all in Hunan, Yunnan and Sichuan, but also in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong The regional and sectoral structure of the Chinese market and the size of the country offer opportunities in geographical and industry niches. Specialty gas plants in Wujing and Chengdu Entry into new technologies, e.g. the treatment of drinking water Messer 18-05/11
Vietnam Locations Vietnam Main points Vietnam: Messer has been present in Vietnam since 1997 and has three companies, in Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh and Binh Phuoc Haiphong City Province Hai Duong One air separation unit Three filling plants for air gases, CO 2 and gas mixtures Liquefaction plant for CO 2 (still under construction) Core industries: steel production, motorcycle manufacturers, shipyards, food processing and metalworking industries Binh Phuoc Province Ho Chi Minh City Vung Tau City Company Air separation unit Filling plant CO 2 production Messer 19-05/11
Key figures Contents Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 20-05/11
Unternehmen Key Figures 2010 Key Figures Overview Development 2007 through 2010 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sales in m 705 795 797 909 EBITDA in Mio. Euro 154 172 175 207 EBITDA margin in % 22 22 22 23 Investments* in Mio. Euro 173 194 202 168 Employees** 4.380 4.696 5.211 5.288 * incl. IFRIC4 ** contractual employments Messer 21-05/11
Sales and EBITDA 2010 Key Figures Sales and EBITDA Consolidated by regions Asia 246 Corporate Office 1 Asia 74 Corporate Office 8 Peru 11 909 million Total Net Sales Western Europe 288 Peru 2 207 million Total EBITDA Western Europe 46 South East Europe 161 Central Europe 202 South East Europe 41 Central Europe 36 Messer 22-05/11
Messer 23-05/11 Basic metals, glass, ceramics Engineering, metal goods, automotive (Petro-)Chemicals, rubber, plastics Food, beverages & tobacco Health services Electr. engineering, electronics Competitors Gas, water, wastewater, waste Sales by industry 2010 In million, based on consolidated sales Sales: 270 147 138 Share: 30% 16% 15% 118 13% 78 9% 54 6% 48 5% 36 4% Key Figures Sales 20 2% Others
Bulk Gas Cylinders pipeline and On Site Hardware and other Medical gases and accessories Sales structure by distribution channel 2010 In million, based on consolidated sales Sales: 304 273 Share: 33% 30% Messer 24-05/11 218 24% 68 8% Key Figures Sales 46 5%
Employees 2010 Key Figures Employees 5,288 employees worldwide Peru 2% Corporate Office 2% Logistics 15% Application Technology 2% Western Europe 15% South East Europe 25% Sales & Marketing 17% Production 33% Employees by regions Employees by activities Asia 36% Central Europe 20% Filling 16% Administration 17% Messer 25-05/11
Growth rates 2009-2015 Key Figures Growth Asia Western Europe 7 % Central Europe 4 % South East Europe 5 % Asia 16 % (China and Vietnam) Average growth rate for the Messer Group: 8.3 % Europe Messer 26-05/11
Products and Applications Contents Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 27-05/11
Products Products and Applications Gases Variety from acetylene to xenon Messer offers you a wide variety of gases liquefied or gaseous and in numerous degrees of purity. Air gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen or argon, are obtained directly from the ambient air by means of air separation. Other gases are obtained from industry as a waste product (carbon dioxide) or from natural sources (helium). How the gases are supplied primarily depends on your individual requirements. Different supply systems are used depending on the quantity required and the application. Messer 28-05/11
Industrial Gases in Cylinders Products and Applications Gases Industrial gases ensure greater efficiency, safety and costeffectiveness in industrial processes. Acetylene Argon Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen Shielding gases for welding are sold under the same proprietary names across the group, and these names are based on the materials being worked: Ferroline - for plain and low-alloy steels Inoxline - for high-alloy steels and Ni-based alloys Aluline - for aluminium and non-ferrous metals Other gases for welding and cutting: Forming gas protects the back of the weld against oxidation MegaLas - for laser material processing and for generating the laser beam Nitrocut and Oxycut - gases for cutting Fuel gases - for oxy-fuel technology Messer 29-05/11
Gases for the Food Industry Products and Applications Gases Gourmet is the name under which Messer supplies pure gases and gas mixtures for the food industry. These gases meet the highest quality standards and satisfy all the European legal provisions on food as well as every HACCP requirement (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points). Some examples: Gourmet C: Carbon dioxide e.g. for carbonating beverages Gourmet N: Nitrogen e.g. for freezing, refrigerating and packing food Gourmet O: Oxygen e.g. for packing fresh salads Gourmet A: Argon e.g. for inerting to protect wine Messer 30-05/11
Specialty Gases Products and Applications Gases Messer offers an extensive product programme of pure gases, standard mixtures and, upon customer request, individually tailored gas mixtures. Liquid helium (in dewars) High purity gases (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, etc.) Noble gases (krypton, xenon, neon) Standard mixtures (e.g. argon/methane, laser mixtures, etc.) Individual mixtures (e.g. calibrating gases) Hydrocarbons (e.g. methane, acetylene, ethylene, etc.) Carbon monoxide Inorganic gases (e.g. ammonia, chlorine, refrigerants, etc.) Laboratory gases (e.g. pressure cans, gas purifying systems, etc.) Gases for the electronic industry (e.g. for producing semiconductors) Messer 31-05/11
Gases for Medicine Products and Applications Gases The most important products at a glance: Medical oxygen, in liquid and gaseous form, primarily for oxygen and respiratory therapy Laughing gas (nitrous oxide), in liquid and gaseous form, for pain therapy (analgesia), anaesthetic induction and mixed anaesthesia Medical air, synthetic or compressed, for contamination-free respiration and inhalational anaesthesia Medical carbon dioxide, in gaseous form, primarily for minor surgical procedures (minimally invasive surgery) and for medical baths Medical nitrogen, in liquid form, used in cryotherapy and cryosurgery as well as for storing biological materials Helium, in liquid form, for cooling magnets in MRI scanners Medical gas mixtures, produced to individual customer specifications in terms of content and quality Messer 32-05/11
Value chain Products and Applications Gases From raw materials to their applications Air separation unit Products Sales Customer Segments Automobile Oxygen 21% Argon / Specialty gases 1% Others 12% Pipeline / on-site 24% Construction industry Industry, production and manufacturing Foods and beverages Metallurgy / steel and iron / glass and ceramics Nitrogen 78% Cylinders 30% Bulk 34% Medicine and pharmaceuticals Other products: CO 2, Helium, Hydrogen, Acetylene, Propane Welding and cutting Environment Messer 33-05/11
Delivery forms Products and Applications Forms of Supply Our services, individual and close by 53 Air separation units (11 under construction) Messer Transport Customer Large throughput 6 Specialty gases plants in Europe 84 Filling stations for technical gases 85-kilometre pipeline system in Spain Air separation unit Pipeline 1200 Distributers and gas centres working with us as sales partners On-site facilities Supply variations: Tanker Storage tank Gases in cylinders and bundles Gases in tankers and storage tanks Tank Service truck Dewar Gases from on-site facilities Gases by pipeline Bundle Filling plant Cylinder truck Cylinders Small throughtput Messer 34-05/11
Cylinders and Bundles Products and Applications Forms of Supply Individuality where small and medium quantities are involved Use: In cases of lower gas demand Delivery quantities and times tailored to customer requirements Delivery and all the supply logistics for individual cylinders, cylinder bundles or cylinder trailers Products: Compressed gases up to 300 bar Special mixtures e.g. for medicine, science Availability: Directly via local Messer Group distributors and gas centres Gas supply management by Messer Messer 35-05/11
Tankers and Storage Tanks Products and Applications Forms of Supply Flexible deliveries of medium quantities Use: In cases of variable or less sizeable gas demand Delivery quantities and times tailored to customer requirements Supply provided in insulated storage tanks with vaporisers or in pressure vessels Products: Cryogenic gases and gases liquefied under pressure Availability: In all the markets where the Messer Group has operations Messer 36-05/11
On-Site Facilities Products and Applications Forms of Supply Customised on-site security of supply Use: In cases of continuously high gas demand At the production site remote-controlled operation possible In cases where bulk customers cannot be connected to a pipeline system Products: Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, syngas, carbon dioxide Technical options: Air separation units and cryogenic generators Non-cryogenic units such as Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA), Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA), membrane units Hydrogen and synthetic gas production facilities Messer 37-05/11
Pipeline Systems Products and Applications Forms of Supply The direct way of using gases Use: In integrated industrial parks with numerous bulk consumers Products: Oxygen, nitrogen, CO 2 and hydrogen Availability: In all industrial parks with a large demand, for example in steel production or in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry Example: In Tarragona, Spain, Messer operates an extensive pipeline system that supplies chemical and petrochemical customers. Messer 38-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Solutions for every task The needs and requirements of our customers are at the heart of everything we do Competence from development to patent to market implementation Professional, application-specific advice based on knowledge of our customers processes Advice, market development and customer trials in every region Training of employees and customers in the use of equipment Customer events, seminars, demonstrations in our technical centers Messer 39-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Technologies for metallurgy applications Capacity enhancements for metallurgical melting processes with oxygen Oxygen burner technology for oxyfuel processes Heat treatment with protective and reactive gases Increased throughput in glass tanks with oxygen Messer 40-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Technologies for food applications Chilling & freezing of food with liquid nitrogen and dry ice Modified atmosphere packaging with inert gases and gas mixtures Transport cooling for maintenance of cold chain with dry ice High pressure applications for extraction, crystallization, sterilization Messer 41-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Technologies for chemicals, paper and the environment Biological wastewater treatment with oxygen Drinking water treatment with oxygen and CO 2 Wastewater neutralisation with CO 2 Increased efficiency in waste and hazardous waste incineration with oxygen Spraying processes and inerting with nitrogen and CO 2 Production optimization in the paper industry with CO 2 Messer 42-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Technologies for industry Cryogenic waste gas purification with liquid nitrogen Cooling of cement and concrete in construction industry Inerting with nitrogen in lead-free soldering of printed circuit board Surface treatment and cleaning with dry ice blasting processes Cryogenic pulverisation with liquid nitrogen Aluminium extrusion with liquid nitrogen Messer 43-05/11
Application technology Products and Applications Application technology Technologies for welding and cutting Metal inert gas welding (MIG/MAG) with argon-based gas mixtures Wolfram-Inert-Gas welding (WIG) with standard welding shield gas argon or with special mixtures Plasma cutting and welding Flame cutting with acetylene and oxygen Laser cutting and welding Thermal spraying Messer 44-05/11
Our competence centers Products and Applications Application technology Innovative processes for many industries Cold grinding/ Recycling Cold grinding Recycling Cryogenics Krefeld, Germany Cutting & Welding MAG welding WIG welding Thermal Cutting Thermal Spraying Food/pharmaceuticals Chilling and freezing Transport refrigeration Inertisation/ packaging High-pressure extraction processes Spraying processes Chemicals/paper/ environment Water treatment Oxidation/hightemperature processes High-pressure extraction processes Spraying processes Mitry-Mory, France Dällikon, Switzerland Gumpoldskirchen, Austria Budapest, Hungary Metallurgy/burning Melting processes in metallurgy Heat treatment Glass production Industry Electronics Construction industry Purification processes Waste air purification Cryogenic processes Messer 45-05/11
Messer World Contents Bild Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 46-05/11
Organisational structure of the Messer world Messer World Organisation Owners The Messer family Adolf Messer Foundation 27 %, 7 familiy members 73 % Companies Messer Industriegase GmbH MIG Holding GmbH MEC Employee GmbH The Messer family Management Messer Group GmbH MEC Holding GmbH Brands Messer 47-05/11
Key figures for Messer Eutectic Castolin (MEC) Messer World Key figures Key figures 2010 2010 Sales in million 432 Employees 2.478 Workforce size by region Sales by region EUR, millions South America 41 Africa & Middle East 41 South America 6 Africa & Middle East 16 Western Europe 645 Germany 630 Eastern Europe 169 Asia 88 China 251 Japan 167 NAFTA 446 Western Europe 115 Germany 114 Eastern Europe 27 Asia 14 China 35 Japan 32 NAFTA 73 Messer 48-05/11
Part of the Messer World Messer World Brands Messer World is the roof under which Messer and Messer Eutectic Castolin jointly present themselves to their customers and partners with well-known brands: ASCO Kohlensäure is a provider of individual and complete CO 2 solutions. BIT Analytical Instruments is a specialist contract manufacturer of medical precision instruments. Castolin Eutectic is a partner for wear protection, repair and fusion technology. Messer Cutting Systems is a supplier of pioneering technologies and services for the metal-working industry. Messer is the world s largest owner-managed industrial gases specialist. Spectron Gas Control Systems is a specialist in gas supply systems. Messer 49-05/11
ASCO Carbon Dioxide Ltd. Messer World ASCO Carbon Dioxide Provider of individual and complete CO 2 solutions CO 2 solutions: CO 2 product plants CO 2 recovery CO 2 storage tanks, stationary as well as transportable Dry ice: Dry ice machines, pellets, discs and blocks ASCOJET dry ice blasting machines and accessories CO 2 equipment and accessories: Transfer pumps, vaporizers Detectors, flowmeters CO 2 testing equipment Messer 50-05/11
Castolin Eutectic Messer World Castolin Eutectic Partner for wear protection, surface protection, repair and fusion technologies with welding, brazing and thermal coating Our business areas: Maintenance and servicing technology Industrial surface protection Manufacture of high-performance components CastoLab Services - Specialist workshops for repair, surface layer welding and anti-wear coating Special joining technology applications Customer training 1,500 employees in over 100 countries with over 700 highly qualified engineers Messer 51-05/11
Messer Cutting Systems Messer World Messer Cutting Systems Supplier of pioneering technologies and services for the metal-working industry Product portfolio: Oxyfuel, plasma and laser cutting machines Equipment and machines for oxyfuel welding, cutting, brazing and heating Spare parts, repairs and retrofitting services Messer EnviroTec supplies plant-related environmental technology MesserSoft provides software solutions to optimise processes in cutting technology Modern training and applications centre Over 800 employees at five locations in more than 50 countries Messer 52-05/11
Spectron Gas Control Systems Messer World Spectron Gas Control Systems Specialist in gas supply systems providing best performance, quality, reliability and technological know-how Product portfolio: Diverse product family of appropriate components for a wide spectrum of gases, covering applications ranging from a simple valve through to gas cylinder cabinets for semiconductor gases Alarm and control systems for gas applications Gas purification systems Production sites in Germany and Britain A global network of sales partners Messer 53-05/11
BIT Analytical Instruments Messer World BIT Analytical Instruments Leading full-service provider for a wide range of diagnostic and medical instruments Product portfolio: Individual contract development and manufacture of mid-range to complex instrumentation and custom-made automation solutions Instrumentation for Life a partner for product development, manufacturing and after-sales service. Highest quality standards according to ISO 13485 and ISO 9001, and FDA registered. Independent market leader in Europe for high-quality IVD diagnostic systems in the high-end OEM market Locations in Germany, France, Japan, USA and China Messer 54-05/11
Cryogenic Engineering Messer World Cryogenic Engineering A joint venture between Messer Group and Hangzhou Hangyang China, the leading production plant manufacturer Air separation units for the production of oxygen, nitrogen, argon and liquid gas products Nitrogen and oxygen generators Components for air separation units We use our know-how to develop air separation units that precisely meet the requirements of our customers. We also make sure that the plant operates efficiently. Messer 55-05/11
Messer Information Services (MIS) Messer World Messer Information Services The service company for information technology by Messer and MEC From its central computing centre in Groß-Umstadt, MIS makes its services available worldwide to some 2,600 users at Messer and MEC. MIS provides IT applications that support the diverse and complex requirements throughout the different areas of the Messer world 64 employees provide, among other things, ongoing development of process-optimised programs together with a secure and high-performance computing-centre operation. Messer 56-05/11
References Contents Company Locations Key Figures Products and Applications Messer World References Messer 57-05/11
References References Customers A selection of our customers US Steel Xiangtan Iron & Steel Co. Messer 58-05/11