Subsea Well Engineering Prof. Marcio Yamamoto UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO Dept. of Mining and Petroleum Engineering December 11th, 2014 Kashiwa, Chiba
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Water Depth ISO 13628-1 Shallow Water* <610m Deep Water 610m~1830m (2000ft~6000ft) Ultra-deep Water >1830m (>6000ft) PETROBRAS Shallow Water <350m commercial dive limit Deep Water 350m~1500m Ultra-deep Water >1500m *Shallow water is not defined in this standard.
PETROLEUM WELL CLASSIFICATION
Exploratory Well Purposes* Gathering geological/reservoir data Collecting hydrocarbon samples Estimation of Reserves Development Well Production Injection Special Well Relief Well Pilot Well... *Classification of ANP (Brazilian Petroleum Agency)
Exploratory Wells - ANP Source: Dr. Kazuo Miura 1. Pioneer Well (Wildcat) 2. Stratigraphic Well 3. Extension Well 4. Adjacent Pioneer Well 5. Exploratory Well for a Shallower Reservoir 6. Exploratory Well for a Deeper Reservoir
Development Wells - ANP Source: Dr. Kazuo Miura 7. Production Well 8. Injection Well
Special Wells
Poço de Alívio
Well Geometry
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
GENERAL DRILLING PROCESS
Rotary Drilling
Rotary Drilling Condutor (OD=30 ) Condutor s Installation: Drill bit + Under-reamer Hammer Jetting (subsea well)...
Rotary Drilling 36 Drill bit 26 + Under-reamer 36
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Drillstring Drilling 2nd phase
Rotary Drilling Drillstring Casing Casing Shoes Drill pipes Mud cake Drill collar Bit Nozzles
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Drillstring Tripping out Drillstring (removing)
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD~20 ) Running Surface Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Installing Surface Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Cement Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Cementing the Surface Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Drillstring Rotary Drilling 3rd phase
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Drillstring Tripping out Drillstring (removing)
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Running Intermediary Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Installing Intermediary Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Cementing Intermediary Casing
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Drilling 4th phase
Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) LINER (OD=7 )
Rotary Drilling LINER (OD=7 ) Production Casing
Rotary Drilling LINER (OD=7 ) Open Hole
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Jack-up Only shallow water Semi-Submersible Drillship
JACKUP (ONLY SHALLOW WATER)
Rotary Drilling - ONSHORE CONDUCTOR SURFACE CASING INTERMEDIATE CASING LINER
Rotary Drilling ONLY SHALLOW WATERS Conductor SURFACE CASING INTERMEDIATE CASING LINER
Shallow Waters Jacket Operation for the jacket reinforcement http://www.lbo.no
Daily Rates Jackup: Source: Offshore (November 2014)
JACKUP Short Distance Mobilization Energy Exerter http://www.worldwisemarine.com
Perfuração 1. Short Distance Mobilization
2. Installation Jackup
2. Installation Jackup
JACKUP Jacking System Rack & Pinion Pinion Rack http://www.ship-oilrig.com http://www.fnc.com
3. Well Construction Jackup
JACKUP Energy Endeavour http://www.sismarine.com
http://www.sadaf-mit.com
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Deep & Ultra-deep Waters FLOATING DRILLING PLATFOMS
Daily Rates Drillship & Semi-Submersible: Source: Offshore (November 2014)
POSITIONING SYSTEM
Mooring System Conventional Mooring System (8~16 lines) Deep Waters Source: OTC10780 (1999)
Dynamic Positioning System Ultra-Deep Waters Position Sensors: GPS Hidroacustic Gyrocompass OBS: MUDAR A FIGURA
Floating Drilling Platforms Semi-Submersible Drillship
Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible Shallow & Deep Waters: Mooring System Ultra-deep Water: DPS
Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible Mooring System Deepwater Nautilus & Black Marlin http://www.oilrig-photos.com
Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible DPS Seadrill West Taurus http://img.offshore.no
Floating Drilling Platforms Drillship DPS Mooring System(Rare) Drilling at the Arctic(shallow water) Old drillships(+30 years of service)
Transocean DeepWater Millenium (@Brasil) http://www.anadarko.com Drillship
Transocean DeepWater Millenium (natural gas flow test @Moçambique) http://www.anadarko.com Drillship Navio-Sonda
Do not confuse with FPSO Floating Production Storage Offfloding P-57 http://www.motorship.com
Drillship vs. FPSO
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
DRILLING RISER & BOP
Vertical Drilling Riser & BOP Top Tensioned Riser (TTR) Material: Steel Aluminum (few cases) Auxiliary Lines Choke Line & Kill Line (always necessary) Conduit (hydraulic line to drive BOP s valves & pistons) Booster
Drilling Riser Tension Lines SLIP JOINT TENSION RING/COLLAR CHOKE & KILL LINES, BOOSTER, CONDUIT Buoyance Modules Low Marine Riser Pack (LMRP) Fonte: http://www.dril-quip.com BLOW-OUT PREVENTER (BOP)
BOP BLUE POD RAM s CONECTOR Fonte: http://blog.goo.ne.jp/k- 74/c/871d1842bfcfe128be3b8541a808a5cf
BOP Schematic Fonte: http://www.ogj.com/
Fonte: http://www.jamstec.go.jp/ Drilling Riser
Drilling Types of riser connection: FLANGE DOG TYPE
Drilling Riser Riser Joint Connection: FLANGE Fonte: Total Elf Fina
Drilling Riser Riser Joint Connection: DOG TYPE Fonte: Total Elf Fina DOG
Drilling Riser Ball Joint/Flex Joint (always needed) TOP BOTTOM
Drilling Riser Ball Joint Fonte: Total Elf Fina
Drilling Riser Flex Joint (Bending Stiffness) Fonte: Total Elf Fina
Drilling Riser Riser s Tensioning System Slip joint Tension Collar Tensioner: Pistons & Cable Direct Pistons
Riser Tensioning System Tensioner Pistons & Cable Drilling Riser Fonte: http://www.myfinepix.co.uk/blog/15705/24875 Fonte: Jordan, L.R. (2004) patent no. US 6,817,422 B2
Drilling Riser Tensioning System Tensioner Direct Pistons Fonte: http://www.jamstec.go.jp/
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Offshore Drilling DRILLING PROCESS
Drilling Methods Guide Line (older technology for shallow/deep water) Guide Line Less (ultra-deep water)
Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Wind Waves Running Drillstring + Conductor Drillstring Conductor Current
Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Jetting Current Drillstring Conductor
Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Current Waiting for sedimention around the conductor
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Test the conductor - Overpull Torque on drillstring - Release from the conductor;
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Test the conductor - Overpull Torque on drillstring - Release from the conductor;
Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Current Drilling of the 2nd phase for the running and cementing of the SURFACE CASING.
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Tripping out the DRILLSTRING. Drillstring
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Running the 20 SURFACE CASING + HPWHH
Fonte: Fonseca (2012). SUBSEA WELL HEAD SYSTEM
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Cementing the SURFACE CASING up to the mudline.
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Drilling Riser BOP Running BOP + DRILLING RISER for REENTRY operation.
Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Drilling Riser BOP After the installation and testing of the BOP s connection on the HPWHH, the drilling continues for the next phases.
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Completion WET CHRISTMAS TREE
DRILLING FLUID Completion COMPLETION
Completion Choke Christmas Tree Master Valve Tubing Hanger Subsurface Safety Valve Production Tubing Packer Perforation
Fonte: Wayne State University (2006) Dry Christmas Tree
Wet Christmas Tree Wet Christmas Tree (ANM) Production Adapter Base (BAP)
Production Adapter Base (BAP) Holds thetubing Hanger Connection for the lines using MCV (Vertical Connection Modules): PRODUCTION ANM: 3 lines (production, annular & control umbilical) INJECTION: 2 lines (injection & control umbilical)
Schematic of ANM (BAP+ANM) Fonte: Fonseca (2012). MLF: Mandril de Linha de Fluxo MCV: Módulo de Conexão Vertical
Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods
Artificial Lift Methods CONTINUOUS-FLOW GAS LIFT
Continuous Gas Lift Gas Lift Mandrel P R
Continuous-flow Gas Lift Valves open in a specific pressure range P 1 ~ P 2 P 2 ~ P 3 P 3
Continuous-flow Gas Lift P 1 ~ P 2 Pressure for valves opening Opened Valve P 2 ~ P 3 P R P 3
Continuous-flow Gas Lift P 2 ~ P 3 Pressure for valves opening P 1 ~ P 2 Opened Valve P R P 3
Gas Lift Contínuo P 3 Pressure for valves opening P 1 ~ P 2 P 2 ~ P 3 P R Opened Valve
Artificial Lift Methods ESP
ESP Electrical Submersible Pump