Post Processing Kent Messamore 3/6/2010
What we will cover Post Processing Photoshop, Lightroom, Elements, and others JPEG or RAW Photoshop Elements Workflow Organization, Create, share Photoshop Elements Editing Tonal Correction Layers, Selections, and Masks Color Correction Adobe Camera RAW Retouching Black & White Conversion Sharpening Printing JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 2
Numerous Post Processing Software Applications Available Photoshop is high end Adobe.com ($699, Student $199) Recommended Lightroom PC/MAC - Adobe.com($299, Student $99) - Recommended Photoshop Elements ($69) - Adobe.com Recommended Aperture MAC ($199) ACDC Pro ($130) LightZone ($99.95) - lightcrafts.com Paint Shop Pro ($80) - corel.com Camera Manufacturers software (usually free) Gimp (free) gimp.org Google s Picasa (free) - picasa.google.com g JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 3
Photoshop Photoshop is major image editing software for professionals Designed to support Graphic Artists, Photographers, Web Developers, Prepress, Architects, Medical Imagers, 3D Artists, Videographers, Comic Book Artists Provides to Photographers, Workflow, Camera Raw Conversion, Tonal Correction, Color Correction, Retouching, Black & White Conversion, Sharpening, and Printing Offers to Photographers tools such as Layers, Selection, Pen tool (Bezier Curves), Cloning, Curves, Channels, Masks, Blending Modes Adobe has created an organizing application called Bridge to support multiple l Adobe Applications. JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 4
Bridge an organizer for Photoshop and other Adobe Applications JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 5
Photoshop JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 6
Lightroom Application developed specifically for photographers Photoshop is for graphic artist, photographer, prepress, architect, medical imager, 3D artist, videographer Combination of Image database and image processor Will it replace Photoshop? No, Photoshop will continue to grow. How does it differ from Photoshop, Bridge, Adobe Camera Raw (ACR)? Bridge is a Browser; LR is a database PS is a pixel editor; LR is a RAW or JPEG converter LR processes images but doesn t have as large a tool set for modifying images as PS does PS and LR use the same Adobe Camera Raw engine. LR has good connectivity ty to/from o Photoshop op JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 7
Lightroom Overview 70,000 images and growing JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 8
Lightroom Develop Module Histogram Tool Bar: Cropping Tool Spot Remover Red Eye Tool Graduated G d d Filter Adjustment Brush Adjustment Pallets Basic Tone Curve HSL/Color/Grayscale Split Toning Detail Vignettes Camera Calibration Film Strip JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 9
RAW versus JPEG (RAW has much greater Latitude in Post Processing than JPEG) With JPEG the Photo Lab is in the Camera. White Point is set inside the Camera. Photo Lab Film Camera Digital Camera Darkroom With RAW You are getting 100% of the unprocessed raw data that the Camera can produce The Photographer is in full control of the process PhotoShop Print JPEG Advantages Smaller File sizes Can shoot faster (Good for Action Photography Great for snapshots Disadvantagesg Only 8 bit pixel depth Must manage processing in Camera at time of shot (Exposure, Tone Curve, White Balance) Some of the RAW image data is lost as image is processed, therefore you do not have a negative master of your image. RAW Advantages Give 100% of image data Camera has captured 16 bit pixel depth Processing can take place in Photoshop or other image software. This processing offers after image choices as to how the image will look Can correct some photographer errors such as poor exposure Great for Artistic types (Ansel Adams would have loved it) Disadvantages Must Process in Photoshop/other image software Large File Sizes You paid a lot of money for that image processor that is built into your camera JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 10
PhotoShop Workflow Photoshop Color Setup Obtaining an Image (Camera or Scanning input) Examine Image. Determine Image needs and Photographers intent Tonal Correction (Global, Local, Highlights, Shadows, Exposure Correction) Color correction (Global color cast, Local colors, skin tones) Retouch (Spotting, Noise, Burning & Dodging, Cloning, Blurring, Sharpening), Intent t is to direct viewer s eye toward Photographers h intended object. Image sizing and resample Image Sharpening (Unsharp Mask, Smart sharpen, sharpening Tool) Soft Proof (Selecting Profile, Output Intent, Out of Gamut) Final Print JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 11
Photoshop Elements JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 12
Edit Full Tool Box Options Tool Box Pallet Panel Project Bin JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 13
Layer Pallet Move Tool (V) Zoom Tool (Z) Hand Tool (H) Eye Dropper Tool (I) Elliptical Marquee Tool (M) Lasso Tool (L) Magic Wand Tool (W) Quick Selection Tool (A) Horizontal Type Tool (T) Crop Tool (C) Cookie Cutter Tool (Q) Straighten Tool (P) Red Eye Removal Tool (Y) Spot Healing Brush Tool (J) Clone Stamp Tool (S) Eraser Tool (E) Brush Tool (B) Detail Smart Brush Tool (F) Paint Bucket Tool (K) Gradient Tool (G) Custom shape Tool (U) Blur Tool (R) Sponge Tool (O) Switch Foreground & Background Colors (X) Ctrl + O fills page + and key zoom Space Bar brings up Hand Tool Tab key removes pallets Image Size Levels Adjustment Layer Layer Blend Modes Double click on name to rename layer Eye Icon turns layer on & off Mask Adjustment t Layers Histogram Pallet History Pallet Layers Menu Opacity Slider Adjustment Layers Duplicate Layer Background layer (locked - Alt double click unlocks) New Fill or Adjustment Link Lock Lock Delete Layer Layer Layers Transparent All Layer JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 14
Layer Blend Modes Dissolve Paints each pixel as a random replacement with base or blend color. Darken - displays either the bottom or top color which ever is darker. Multiply - increases density by about one stop. Over Exposed? Think Multiply. Color Burn darkens the bottom color to reflect the top color. Darken Blend Modes Linear Burn Darkens base color to reflect blend color. White blend is no change Neutral color - Black Lighten - displays either the bottom or top color which ever is Lighter Screen - decreases density by about one stop. Under Exposed? Think Screen. Color Dodge brightens base color to reflect blend color by decreasing contrast. Lighten Blend Modes Linear Dodge brightens base color to reflect blend color by increasing brightness. Neutral color - White Hard Light, Overlay, and Soft Light lighten the lights and darken the darks, and all three are useful to boost image contrast. Hard Light the most and Soft Light the Contrast Blend Modes least. Soft Light is particularly useful for Burn & Dodge layer. Overlay very useful in painting and touching up masks. Neutral color 50% Vivid Light Burns or Dodges colors by increasing/decreasing contrast. Gray Linear Light Burns or Dodges colors by increasing/decreasing brightness. Pin Light Replaces the colors depending on the blend color. Hard Mix Gives a posterized effect depending on the fill opacity of the layers. Difference Subtracts blend/base colors depending on which has greater Compare Blend Modes brightness. Excellent for registering images, e.g. stitching panoramas. Exclusion Similar to Difference but less contrast. Blends can be applied by blending two Hue Luminance and saturation of base color and hue of blend color. layers different or by blinding an image with Saturation Luminance and hue of base color and saturation of blend color. a painting or editing tool. Base Color is the Color Luminance of base color and hue and saturation of blend color. original color in the image. The Blend color Luminosity Hue and saturation of base color and luminance of blend color. is the color being applied with the painting or editing tool. The result color is the color resulting from the blend. Layers do not have to be images. Could be adjustment layers JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 15
Layer Blend Modes (Cont.) Original underexposed image Original overexposed image Screen blend mode, lightens image. Each layer is about 1 f stop Multiply blend mode, darkens image. Each layer is about 1 f stop (Opacity Slider can give graduated f stop) Note: Blended layer doesn t have to be a duplicate layer. Can use a Levels or curve adjustment t layer. JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 16
Layer Blend Modes - Screen Darken Blend Modes Lighten Blend Modes When Under Exposed, Think Screen Blend Mode (2 stops) Contrast t Blend Modes Compare Blend Modes JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 17
Layer Blend Modes - Multiply Darken Blend Modes Lighten Blend Modes When Over Exposed, Think Multiply Blend Mode (1/2 stop) Contrast t Blend Modes Compare Blend Modes JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 18
Photoshop Elements Workflow Photoshop Color Setup Obtaining an Image (Camera or Scanning input) Examine Image. Determine Image needs and Photographers intent Tonal Correction (Global, Local, Highlights, Shadows, Exposure Correction) Color correction (Global color cast, Local colors, skin tones) Retouch (Spotting, Noise, Burning & Dodging, Cloning, Blurring, Sharpening), Intent t is to direct viewer s eye toward Photographers h intended object. Image sizing and resample Image Sharpening (Unsharp Mask, Smart sharpen, sharpening Tool) Final Print JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 19
Photoshop Workflow Photoshop Color Setup Use Adobe RGB (1998) or ColorMatch RGB. Don t use Adobe default srgb. Pro Photo RGB is large Gamut (OK if you know what you are doing) Acquisition - Obtaining an Image (Camera or Scanning input) Camera Use RAW format if possible. Photoshop CS2 Camera RAW and Bridge are excellent for workflow. Scanner use highest resolution & bit density scanner can capture, realizing the higher the resolution the more memory space it takes. Convert image to working space. Recommend Adobe RGB 1998 Tonal correction (Levels, Highlights, shadows, Gamma, Contrast, Curves) Examine histogram Use threshold adjustment to find white point and black point Do not use specular highlights (reflections, glare) as white point. Use brightest color neutral point with texture. Set color sampler reference points for white point, black point, and neutral (mid gray tone). Monitor points as you make changes so you don t lose highlights, shadows, or introduce color casts Use duplicate layer with Multiply blend mode for overexposed images; screen blend mode for underexposure. Shadows and Highlights adjustment in Photoshop CS is excellent Color correction (Hue, Saturation, Color Balance) Use Hue/Saturation adjustment layer for major color correction; Color Balance for fine tuning. Use Selective Color adjustment layer for global color, white, black, neutral adjustment (monitor reference points) Most images require increased saturation, but don t saturate to the point it doesn t look natural. Retouch (Healing, Cloning Tools) Use separate adjustment layer for cloning. Select Use all layers for clone sample New Healing brush in Photoshop CS2 is excellent Burning & Dodging Use separate 50% Gray Fill layer for Burning and Dodging. Set blend mode to Soft Light. And Paint with soft brush at low opacity (10-15%). Use black paint for burning and white paint for dodging. Image sizing and resample Select Image size you want as output (larger than final crop size) Set resample or set specific output resolution you want. Resize image. Crop Image to size you want. Image Sharpening (Unsharp Mask, sharpening Tool) Merge all layers into one (Select new adjustment layer and Alt-Merge visible) Sharpen image. Use Unsharp mask or high pass filter to sharpen edges Nik sharpener Pro is excellent; Smart Sharpen in Photoshop CS2 is outstanding (removes image or motion blur). Soft Proof (Output intent, Out of Gamut) Use View-Proof setup to select Print profile. Select Proof Colors Turn on Gamut Warning to view out of gamut (non printable) color warning Final Print JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 20
Examine the Image Look at the histogram Look at the photo Add a transparent layer and mark up what needs to be done to it What is your intended use of the image What size & resolution (Web is low resolution; Print is high resolution) JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 21
Toning the Image Set the Black & White Points to maximize i dynamic range of the image Adjust Global Exposure Highlights & shadows Make Local Selections to tone Local Burn (Make darker) and Dodge (Make Lighter) to attract viewer s eyes JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 22
Set Black & White Point JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 23
Threshold to Find Black Point & White Point JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 24
Set Black & White Point JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 25
Shadows & Highlights JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 26
Color Correction Sample with the Eye Dropper tool indicates insufficient blue in white wall The opposite of blue is Yellow This image has a yellow color cast Cast is due to shooting photo indoors without flash, i.e. tungsten lighting JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 27
Color Correction Adjust Color provides several methods of Correcting Color JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 28
Color Correction Remove Color Cast has eliminated the color cast from the white wall. We still could have a color cast in the shadows or in the mid tones. JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 29
Replace Color JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 30
Photo Filter Adjustments Photo Filters Available in Menu Can also add any color using Color Picker JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 31
Adobe Camera Raw Elements JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 32
Adobe Camera Raw Crop Tool JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 33
Masks Selection Adjus tment Layer Mask Mask is selected JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 34
Clipping Mask Layer which is clipped (notice indented icon) Clipping Mask Photoshop Elements does not support Layer Masks except on Adjustment Layers It does support Clipping Layers Open an adjustment layer (which has a Mask) Place it under layer for which you want a Mask, and select layer Select Layer -> Create Clipping Mask JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 35
Local Changes Mask demo (Photoshop Only) Click on Mask to enable the Mask Alt Click on Mask to Display the mask White Reveals; Black Conceals Activate the Impact layer by clicking on the eye icon. Reposition the Impact layer with the move tool. JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 36