New York Social Studies Core Curriculum: The Eastern Hemisphere (Grade 6) Grade 6: The Eastern Hemisphere The grade 6 social studies program emphasizes the interdependence of all people, keying on the Eastern Hemisphere. Many of the lessons and activities for this grade level draw on specific examples of nations and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere chosen by the district. It is highly recommended that lessons also compare and contrast this specific information with similar data from the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The grade 6 program focuses on a social science perspective emphasizing the interaction of geography and economics. The core disciplines of geography and economics are used to develop and draw relationships and understandings about social/cultural, political, and historic aspects of life in the Eastern Hemisphere. Historical insights are used as a means of developing a total perspective rather than an organizing framework. The focus should be on major turning points that sequel into the 7th-grade social history of the United States. Each district has a responsibility for extending the student s content examples from cultures other than the student s own, and from a variety of geographic, socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial groups. Grade 6 Content Understandings History of Eastern Hemisphere nations Time can be measured in years, decades, centuries, and millennia. Key turning points and events in the histories of Eastern Hemisphere nations can be organized into different historical time periods. The study of Eastern Hemisphere nations should include countries from each continent. SE/TE: 10 11, 76, 172, 210, 220 221, 232, 271, 279, 321 TECH: www.phschool.com; ExamView Test Bank ; Social Studies Skills Tutor CD ROM, Sequencing; History of Our World Transparencies, Transparency B20: Timeline SE/TE: 418 420, 431, 456 458, 466 470, 471 474, 506, 509, 512 515, 518 520, 521 524, 540 543, 546 550, 564 567, 574 577, 581 586, 595 599, 600 606, 616 624, 630 634, 641 644, 645 649 All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Book Project: The Birth of a Nation, 19 21; All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 80 85; All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 116 121; All in One Unit 6 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 42 47 All in One Unit 6 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 85 90; All in One Unit 6 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 123 128; 1
(Continued) Key turning points and events in the histories of Eastern Hemisphere nations can be organized into different historical time periods. The study of Eastern Hemisphere nations should include countries from each continent. Different peoples may view the same event or issue from different perspectives. The Neolithic Revolution was a technological development that radically changed the nature of human society. (Continued) All in One Unit 7 History of Our World 40 45, Discovery Channel School Video: St. Petersburg and Peter the Great, Discovery Channel School Video: The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, Discovery Channel School Video: South Africa: Apartheid s Legacy SE/TE: 214 215, 414 415, 464 465; also see: Literature, 192 195, 424 427 TE: 237, 323 Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide, English/Spanish; Humanities Pack (Middle Grades); Test Taking Strategies with Transparencies (Middle Grades); Assessment Rubrics; Teacher Online Access Pack; Transparencies TECH: Audio CDs: Student Edition; Guided Reading Audio (English/Spanish); s: ExamView Test Bank; Student Express with Interactive Textbook; Mindpoint Quiz Show; MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program SE/TE: For related information see: 6 8 TECH: www.phschool.com; ExamView Test Bank ; Social Studies Skills Tutor CD ROM, Sequencing; History of Our World Transparencies, Transparency B20: Timeline 2
As the river civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and the Indus Valley) turned to agriculture, world populations grew. (Focus on two of these.) Across time, technological innovations have had both positive and negative effects on people, places, and regions. For example, the invention of writing made more complex civilizations and more advanced technologies possible. SE/TE: 30 32, 36 37, 38 47, 68 79, 106 111, 126 130, 136 141 All in One Unit 1 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Small Group Activity: Making an Illustrated Diagram About the Wheel, 73 76; All in One Unit 1 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 86 91; All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, In Her Own Words: Hatshepsut, Queen of Egypt c. 1500 b.c., 36; All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, In Her Own Words: Ankhesenpaton, Queen of Egypt c. 1350 b.c., 37; All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 313 318, Discovery Channel School Video: The Maura Elephant Army, Discovery Channel School Video: Ancient Egypt: Life on the Nile SE/TE: 45 47, 50, 83 87, 91 93, 112 113, 159 160, 173, 204 205, 245, 434 439, 459, 530 532, 621, 653 655 All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Small Group Activity: Making Ancient Egyptian Palettes, 31 34; All in One Unit 7 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Learning About World War II Soldiers, 30 33 3
Civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere (China, India, Greece, and Rome) are explored through the arts and sciences, key documents, and other important artifacts. Religions and other belief systems (animism, ancestor worship, Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam) have both united and divided the peoples of the Eastern Hemisphere. The civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere have contributed important ideas, beliefs, and traditions to the history of humankind. SE/TE: 149 160, 167 172, 174 175, 176 177, 184 189, 196 203, 206 213, 216 219, 222, 227 235, 236 237, 240 246, 252 258, 364 371, 382 386 All in One Unit 3 History of Our World 144 149; All in One Unit 4 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 152 158, Discovery Channel School Video: The Great Wall of China, Discovery Channel School Video: Homer s Odyssey, Discovery Channel School Video: Spartan Warriors, Discovery Channel School Video: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Discovery Channel School Video: Daily Life in Ancient Rome, Discovery Channel School Video: Kung Fu and the Shaolin Monks SE/TE: 34 35, 51 53, 56 61, 80 82, 114 118, 119 123, 144 148, 182 183, 259 265, 292 297, 300 304, 402 405, 409 413, 440 443 All in One Unit 1 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Moses and the Ten Commandments, 77; All in One Unit 1 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 86 91; All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, A Great Asian Thinker, 84; All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 313 318; All in One Unit 3 History of Our World 144 149; All in One Unit 4 History of Our World Teaching Resources, The King s Wealth, 30 31; All in One Unit 4 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 35 40; All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 80 85 SE/TE: 43 45, 435, 446 448, 530 535 All in One Unit 5 History of Our World 80 85 4
From earliest times, networks of trade have connected the various civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere. Individuals and groups in the Eastern Hemisphere have played important roles and made important contributions to world history. Slavery has existed across eras and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere. Internal and external factors altered civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere and eventually contributed to their decline. During the late Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, new long distance trade routes emerged, linking the peoples of Africa, Asia, and Europe. In Europe, the Renaissance was marked by major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. The crime of genocide crosses cultures and eras. Jews and other groups experienced devastation at the hands of Nazi Germany. SE/TE: 48 50, 156 158, 316 317, 318 323, 326 331, 406 407, 453, 466 470, 471 474, 568 569, 570 573 All in One Unit 4 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Small Group Activity: Trading Items with Silent Barter, 62 65; All in One Unit 4 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 73 78; All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, 116 121; All in One Unit 6 History of Our World 123 128, Discovery Channel Video: Great Zimbabwe, Discovery Channel Video: China and the West: A Struggle Over Trade SE/TE: 89, 211, 257, 265, 287, 378, 419, 433, 458, 509, 633, 646, 657 SE/TE: 88 90, 202 203, 496 498, Discovery Channel Video: The African Slave Trade SE/TE: 270 276 SE/TE: 430 SE/TE: 429 437, 449 SE/TE: 611 612, 617 625 All in One Unit 7 History of Our World 40 45; All in One Unit 6 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Chapter Tests A and B, Discovery Channel School Video: The Holocaust: In Memory of Millions 5
Geography of Eastern Hemisphere nations The use of various grids, symbols, and notations makes it possible to locate specific places and indicate distance and direction in the Eastern Hemisphere. Special purpose maps can be used to show various geographic aspects of Earth s surface as seen in the Eastern Hemisphere. The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be studied using maps, globes, aerial and other photographs, satelliteproduced images, and models. (Taken from: National Geography Standards, 1994). The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be analyzed in terms of spatial organization, places and regions, physical settings (including natural resources), human systems, and environment and society. A region is an area which is tied together for some identifiable reason, such as physical, political, economic, or cultural features. Civilizations developed where geographic conditions were most favorable. Geographic features and climatic conditions in the Eastern Hemisphere influence land use. SE/TE: 22, 94 95 All in One Unit 2 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Understanding Road Maps, 35 SE/TE: 15, 67, 77, 94 95, 128, 135, 167, 197, 311 All in One Unit 1 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Reading a Natural Vegetation Map, 30 SE/TE: 29, 31, 39, 49, 59, 105, 157, 219, 227, 231, 251, 283, 301, 309, 363, 385, 393, 411, 431, 447, 453, 505, 561, 622, 629 SE/TE: 284 291, 300 304, 318 323, 326 330, 363 371, 382 386, 505, 561 563, 593, 596, 622, 629 All in One Unit 4 History of Our World 152 158 SE/TE: 284 291, 300 304, 318 323, 326 330, 363 371, 382 386, 505, 561 563, 593, 596, 622, 629 All in One Unit 4 History of Our World 152 158 SE/TE: 96 100 SE/TE: 13 17 6
The geographic diversity of the Eastern Hemisphere has significantly influenced physical mobility and the course of human development. The migration of groups of people has led to cultural diffusion because people carry their ideas and ways of life with them when they move from one place to another. Overpopulation and widespread poverty threaten the political stability of some nations in the Eastern Hemisphere. Urbanization has been a characteristic of the civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere. The environment is affected by people as they interact with it. SE/TE: 112, 290 291, 310 315, 454 458 SE/TE: 51 53, 110, 154 155, 310 315 SE/TE: 407 408, 556 SE/TE: 25, 33, 406 408, 550 556, Discovery Channel School Video: Petra: Secret of the Red City SE/TE: 54 55, 134, 214 215, 238 239, 250, 268 269, 324 325, 334, 414 415, 444 445, 464 465, 478, 544 545, 560, 614 615, 648, 656, 658 TE: 179, 545, 556, 579 Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide, English/Spanish; Test Taking Strategies with Transparencies (Middle Grades); Assessment Rubrics; Teacher Online Access Pack; Transparencies TECH: Audio CDs: Student Edition; Guided Reading Audio (English/Spanish); s: Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program 7
The effects of geographic conditions are moderated by technology. SE/TE: 42, 92 93, 159, 184, 173, 243, 245, 303, 340, 369, 413, 434 435, 454, 459, 530 532, 550 556, 571, 597, 608, 621, 642, 652, 653, 654 655, 659, 653, 659 TE: 24, 35, 226e, 658 Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide, English/Spanish; Humanities Pack (Middle Grades); Test Taking Strategies with Transparencies (Middle Grades); Assessment Rubrics; Teacher Online Access Pack; Transparencies TECH: Audio CDs: Student Edition; Guided Reading Audio (English/Spanish); s: ExamView Test Bank; Student Express with Interactive Textbook; Mindpoint Quiz Show; MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program Economies of Eastern Hemisphere nations The three basic economic questions that must be addressed by every society are: What goods and services shall be produced and in what quantities? How shall goods and services be produced? For whom shall goods and services be produced? The ways resources are used impact the economic, political, and historic aspects of life throughout the world. SE/TE: 1, 151, 294, 368, 377 378, 397 399, 487, 489, 509, 515, 520, 548, 601 602, 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649, 656 658, 662 SE/TE: M16 M17, 14 17, 20 22, 36 37, 68 73, 97, 108 111, 319 320, 323, 345, 550 556, 648, 659 TE: M17, 4f, 15, 17, 201, 308f, 314, 320, 324, 340, 452f Map Master Teacher's Companion with DK Compact Atlas of the World, Map Master Skills Handbook, Atlas Activities, Outline Maps; Transparencies TECH: s: MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program 8
People have unlimited needs and wants which they must meet with limited resources. A nation with limited natural resources must interact with other nations to secure its resource needs. In many areas of the world, improvement in life expectancy and health care have contributed to rapid population growth. Throughout the Eastern Hemisphere, there is great diversity in the standard of living. SE/TE: Resource Use, M16 M17, 14 17, 20 22, 36 37, 68 73, 97, 108 111, 319 320, 323, 345, 550 556, 648, 659, Trade, 23 24, 40, 48 50, 71, 72 73, 76, 78, 94, 97, 101, 154, 156 158, 161, 170, 171, 221, 286, 288, 289, 294, 301, 302, 319 320, 321, 323, 326 330, 331, 331, 341, 353, 354, 365, 368, 371, 406 407, 413, 417, 471 473, 571,572, 581, 584, 608 TE: M17, 4f, 15, 17, 201, 308f, 314, 320, 324, 340, 452f Map Master Teacher's Companion with DK Compact Atlas of the World, Map Master Skills Handbook, Atlas Activities, Outline Maps; Transparencies TECH: s: MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program SE/TE: Trade, 23 24, 40, 48 50, 71, 72 73, 76, 78, 94, 97, 101, 154, 156 158, 161, 170, 171, 221, 286, 288, 289, 294, 301, 302, 319 320, 321, 323, 326 330, 331, 331, 341, 353, 354, 365, 368, 371, 406 407, 413, 417, 471 473, 571,572, 581, 584, 608; Resource Use, M16 M17, 14 17, 20 22, 36 37, 68 73, 97, 108 111, 319 320, 323, 345, 550 556, 648, 659 TE: M17, 4f, 15, 17, 201, 308f, 314, 320, 324, 340, 452f Map Master Teacher's Companion with DK Compact Atlas of the World, Map Master Skills Handbook, Atlas Activities, Outline Maps; Transparencies TECH: s: MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program SE/TE: 21, 567, 551, 556, 573, 581 Atlas Activities, Transparencies TECH: s: MapMaster Interactive; Social Studies Skills Tutor; TeacherExpress; Passport to the World; DVD/VHS: Discovery Channel School Video Program SE/TE: 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649, 656 658 9
Concepts such as scarcity, supply and demand, markets, opportunity costs, resources, productivity, economic growth, and systems can be used to study the economies and economic systems of the various nations of the Eastern Hemisphere. The economic systems of the world have become an interdependent network. Different economic systems have evolved to deal with economic decision making. In traditional economies, decision making and problem solving are guided by the past. In market economies, decisions regarding what is to be produced are based upon patterns of consumer purchases. In command economies, decisions regarding the control and use of the means of production and distribution are planned by the government. In many countries mixed economies have evolved to deal with economic decision making. Nations have joined with one another in organizations which promote economic development and growth. For example, the European Union was formed to promote free trade and a common economic policy among its members. As the economic systems of the global community have become more interdependent, decisions made in one nation or region have implications for all regions. SE/TE: 607 610; also see: 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649, 656 658 All in One Unit 7; History of Our World 40 45 SE/TE: 656 658; also see: 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649 SE/TE: 1, 151, 294, 368, 377 378, 397 399, 487, 489, 509, 515, 520, 548, 601 602, 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649, 656 658, 662 SE/TE: 14 17, 20 22, 36 37, 97, 345, 368 SE/TE: 487, 489, 601 602, 635, 637, 656; also see: 515, 548, 550 556, 642 SE/TE: 630 631, 640, 644 SE/TE: 489, 601 602, 635, 637, 656; ; also see: 515, 548, 642 SE/TE: 634 SE/TE: 656 658; also see: 635, 636 640, 641 644, 645 649 10
Some of the nations of the Eastern Hemisphere play leadership roles in the global economy. Many of the communist nations and former communist nations in the Eastern Hemisphere are moving toward market economies. SE/TE: 642 644 SE/TE: 642 644 Governments of Eastern Hemisphere nations Family, clan, and tribal groups act to maintain law and order. As settlement patterns changed, new forms of political order developed to meet the more complex needs of societies. Across time and place, the people of the Eastern Hemisphere have held differing assumptions regarding power, authority, governance, and law. Governments change over time and place to meet the changing needs and wants of their people. Present systems of government have their origins in the past. The values of Eastern Hemisphere nations affect the guarantee of human rights and how human needs are met. The values of Eastern Hemisphere nations are embodied in their constitutions, statutes, and important court cases. SE/TE: 314 SE/TE: 397 401, 417 420 SE/TE: 514 515, 518 520, 522 524, 534 535 All in One Unit 6 History of Our World 42 47 SE/TE: 417 420, 518 520, 566 567, 595 597, 600 606 All in One Unit 5 History of Our World 38 43; All in One Unit 5 History of Our World Teaching Resources, Book Projects: Birth of a Nation SE/TE: 174 175, 180, 181, 188, 208, 231 235, 236 237, 238 SE/TE: 534 535 SE/TE: For related information see: Asia, 641 644 11
In modern political states, formalized governmental structures play a major role in maintaining social order and control. Political boundaries change over time and place. The extent to which human rights are protected becomes a key issue in totalitarian societies. International organizations were formed to promote peace, economic development, and cultural understanding. The United Nations was created to prevent war and to fight hunger, disease, and ignorance. Citizens of the nations of the Eastern Hemisphere have rights and responsibilities as defined by their constitutions and by other laws of their nations. SE/TE: 514, 519, 568 569, 572 573, 593, 622 All in One Unit 7 History of Our World 40 45, Discovery Channel School Video: The Scramble for African Colonies SE/TE: 611 612 SE/TE: 599, 643, 656 657 SE/TE: 641 644 Reference: http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/socst/pub/sscore1.pdf 12