Regional Innovation Capability and Technology Transfer in Biotechnology Clusters (September 19 th 2013) : Yukiko NISHIMURA The University of Tokyo / NPO PRIP Tokyo, Japan (Collaborator: Go Yoshizawa (Osaka University))
Introduction Historical background of University-Industry Collaboration in Japan Organizational and Individual Dynamism of Technology Transfer (TT) and IP Management Organizations Summary: Lesson from this presentation 2
Introduction Historical background of University-Industry Collaboration in Japan Organizational and Individual Dynamism of Technology Transfer (TT) and IP Management Organizations Summary: Lesson from this presentation 3
Japan France Area 377,955km2 544,000km2 Population (2012) 127,610,000 63,410,000 GDP (2012) USD 59,640M USD 26,087M GNP/per capita (2012) Economic growth rate (2012) USD 46,735 USD 41,140 2.00% 0.03% Source: OECD, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 総務省 There are 47 prefectures. There are 86 (former) national universities. There are 758 universities. (including public, private and college) 4 4
Focus to Technology Transfer and IP Management Organization Introduce Performance and Discuss Dynamism 5
Introduction Historical background of University-Industry Collaboration in Japan Organizational and Individual Dynamism of Technology Transfer (TT) and IP Management Organizations Summary: Lesson from this presentation 6
POLICIES REGARDING INDUSTRY- UNIVERSITY COLLABORATION IN JAPAN (1995~2012) French situation: Innovation Law Sauvon la recherché OSEO PRES LRU The Sarkozy fund 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Basic Law on Science and Technology Act for Promoting Technology Transfer from Universities to Industry Fundamental Act of Education Research and Development Enhancement Act Act on Special Measures concerning Industrial Revitalization Industrial Technology Enhancement Act Revision of School Education Act Intellectual Property Basic Act Revision of Patent Act Act of National University Corporations 7
POLICIES REGARDING INDUSTRY- UNIVERSITY COLLABORATION IN JAPAN (1995~2012) French situation: Innovation Law Promotion Sauvon la recherché of science OSEO and technology PRES LRU through The Sarkozy fund 95 96 97 98 99 organic 00 01 collaboration 02 03 04 among 05 06 university, 07 08 industry 09 10 11 12 and government under the basic framework of Basic Law on science and technology policy Science and Fundamental Act of Education Technology Improvement of working system for Act for Promoting Technology Transfer university-industry Research and collaboration Development from Universities to Industry including Enhancement approved TLO Act (Technology Licensing Organization) launched in Act on Special local society Measures concerning Japanese Industrial Revitalization Revision Bayh-Dole of School Act Education Act Intellectual Property Basic Act Industrial Technology Enhancement Act Revision of Patent Act Japanese Bayh-Dole Act was transferred Act of National University Corporations 8 to this Act as a permanent (2007)
POLICIES REGARDING INDUSTRY- UNIVERSITY COLLABORATION IN JAPAN (1995~2012) French situation: Innovation Law Sauvon la recherché OSEO PRES LRU The Sarkozy fund Add the article as below; 95 Article 96 7 97 Universities, 98 99 00 as 01 the core 02 of 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 scholarship activities, shall cultivate Basic Law on advanced knowledge and Science and Technology specialized skills, inquire deeply into the truth and create new knowledge, Fundamental Act of Education Act while for Promoting contributing Technology to the Transfer Research and Development from development Universities of to Industry society by Enhancement Act broadly disseminating the results Act of on their Special activities. Measures concerning Industrial Revitalization Revision of School Education Act Description of Promotion of Intellectual Property Basic Act transfer Industrial of Research Technology and Development Enhancement results Act by universities, etc. Revision of Patent Act Act of National University Corporations 9
Before April 2004 (Before Incorporation) Patentable Research Achievement Research based on basic research Evaluation (by department etc.) Research for Application Research Individual ownership After 1998 Patent Application by TLO under transfer agreement with an inventor Others Research Results by use of large research facilities installed by the government for a certain purpose Research Results with the government s subsidy Government-owned patents No room for university s strategic use 10
since April 2004 National universities obtained corporate status become a contracting party Patentable Research Achievement University s ownership is reasonable Evaluation and review (by university) Inventor s ownership is reasonable Patent application by university s IP departments /TLOs Application at the discretion of individual researchers University owned patent To be owned by each university for the purpose of the integral management and utilization under its policy 11
20000 15000 10000 5000 Collaborative Research Total amount (Million USD) 500 Number of Cases 400 300 200 100 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 Sponsored Research Total amount Number of Cases (2003-) (Million USD) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 0 0 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Licensing and Royalty Income Total amount Number of Cases (M USD) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Startups Number of each FY Total 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Source; MEXT, METI 12
euglena Co. Ltd: startup from University of Tokyo (UT) Vision: Establish a carbon cycling society using the microorganism, Euglena. 2005 euglena Co., Ltd. was found(using technology from UT, almost staffs are from UT student/alumni) Succeeded in the mass cultivation of Euglena for the Dec-05 first time ever launched functional food business Selected as one of the 100 potential best ventures in Aug-06 Asia by an American business journal "Red Herring" ASIA100. Main office moved in to the Entrepreneur Plaza of the Aug-07 University of Tokyo and located the research center there Dec-08 Began cosmetics business Succeeded in CO2 fixation experiment from exhaust Feb-09 gas of a coal power plant of the Okinawa prefecture using Euglena Dec-12 IPO on TSE Mothers Value of Shares (as of Sept. 14 2013):USD 926.3M Feed Thermal Power Plants It's difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow. You green, euglena. http://www.euglena.jp/english/ Fuel Sewage Plants Supplements 13 Food Cosmetics
Number of Patenting Number of Technology transfer (IPR) Royalty income (M USD) Number of Collaborative /sponsored research Total amount of Collaborative/ sponsored research Number of Startups Japan (2010) 8675 4968 24 21600 469 47 US (2010) 13397 4284 2400-4300 651 UK (2010) 2258 5082 45 28576 1245 268 Compared to US/UK; the number of startups is small royalty income is small amount of expenditure per each research is small Japanese situation reach a plateau of growth Source; MEXT, METI, UNITT, AUTM 14
Introduction Historical background of University-Industry Collaboration in Japan Organizational and Individual Dynamism of Technology Transfer (TT) and IP Management Organizations Summary: Lesson from this presentation 15
Introduction Historical background of University-Industry Collaboration in Japan Organizational and Individual Dynamism of Technology Transfer (TT) and IP Management Organizations Summary: Lesson from this presentation 16
Yukiko Nishimura yucko@ip.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp If you have any questions about Japanese situation, Please e-mail to me! (I forget my name card (!) so please have it in writing) 17 Copyright (C) 2013 Yukiko Nishimura (UT/PRIP Tokyo). All Rights Reserved.