Figure 2: Maximum Ionosphere-Induced Vertical Errors at Memphis

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Figure 2: Maximum Ionosphere-Induced Vertical Errors at Memphis 278

Figure 3: VPL Inflation Required to Remove Unsafe Geometries 279

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Figure 4: Nominal IPP Scenario All Surrounding IGPs are Good Figure 6: Not Observed Scenario 2 One Surrounding IGP is Not Monitored 281

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Figure 9: Example GBAS Integrity Support Network in Australian Region 284

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S. Pullen, M. Luo, T. Walter, and P. Enge 9. REFERENCES [1] S. Pullen, T. Walter, P. Enge, System Overview, Recent Developments, and Future Outlook for WAAS and LAAS, Proc. GPS Symp. 2002. Tokyo, Japan, GPS Soc./Japan Inst. of Nav., Nov. 11-13, 2002, pp. 45-56. http://waas.stanford.edu/~wwu/papers/gps/pdf/pullen Tokyo02.pdf [2] S. Ramakrishnan, J. Lee, S. Pullen, P. Enge, Targeted Ephemeris Decorrelation Parameter Inflation for Improved LAAS Availability during Severe Ionosphere Anomalies, Proc. ION NTM 2008, San Diego, CA, Jan. 28-30, 2008, pp. 354-366. http://waas.stanford.edu/~wwu/papers/gps/pdf/ RamakrishnanIONNTM08.pdf [3] T. Murphy, M. Harris, Y.S. Park, S. Pullen, GBAS Differentially Corrected Positioning Service Ionospheric Anomaly Errors Evaluated in an Operational Context, Proc. ION ITM 2010, San Diego, CA, Jan. 25-27, 2010, pp. 394-410. http://waas.stanford.edu/~wwu/papers/gps/pdf/ MurphyIONITM10.pdf [4] J. Lee, S. Pullen, S. Datta-Barua, P. 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Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Defense, 4 th Edition, Sept. 2008. http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/gps/geninfo/2008 SPSPerformanceStandardFINAL.pdf [9] C. Shively, R. Niles, Safety Concepts for Mitigation of Ionospheric Anomaly Errors in GBAS, Proc. ION NTM 2008, San Diego, CA, Jan. 28-30, 2008, pp. 367-381. http://ion.org/search/view_abstract.cfm? jp=p&idno=7695 [10] GNSS-Based Precision Approach Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Signal-in-Space Interface Control Document (ICD). Washington, DC, RTCA SC-159, WG-4, DO-246D, December 16, 2008. http://www.rtca.org [11] J. Lee, J. Seo, et al., Ionospheric Gradient Threat Mitigation by Geometry Screening in GNSS Ground Based Augmentation Systems, submitted to AIAA J. of Aircraft (forthcoming). http://www.aiaa.org [12] Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System User Equipment. Washington, DC, RTCA SC-159, WG-2, DO- 229D, December 13, 2006. http://www.rtca.org [13] T. Walter, A. Hansen, et al., Robust Detection of Ionospheric Irregularities, Proc. ION GPS 2000, Salt Lake City, UT, Sept. 19-22, 2000, pp. 209-218. http://waas.stanford.edu/~wwu/papers/gps/pdf/ toddion00.pdf [14] L. Sparks, A. Komjathy, et al., Extreme Ionospheric Storms and Their Impact on WAAS, Proc. Int l. Beacon Satellite Symp. 2005, Alexandria, VA, May 3-5, 2005. http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/ 37807/1/05-0934.pdf [15] J. Rife, S. Pullen, et al., WAAS-Based Threat Monitoring for a Local Airport Monitor (LAM) that Supports Category I Precision Approach, Proc. IEEE PLANS 2006, San Diego, CA., April 25-27, 2006, pp. 468-482. http://waas.stanford. edu/~wwu/papers/gps/pdf/rifeionplans06.pdf [16] T. Walter, J. Blanch, P. Enge, Coverage Improvement for Dual Frequency SBAS, Proc. ION ITM 2010, San Diego, CA, Jan. 25-27, 2010, pp. 344-353http://www.ion.org/ search/view_abstract.cfm?jp=p&idno=8815 [17] J. 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