Japan s View on Opportunities and New Approaches for Enhanced Multinational S&T Co-operation

Japan s View on Opportunities and New Approaches for Enhanced Multinational S&T Co-operation March 25, 2009 Kimikazu IWASE Deputy Director General, Science and Technology Policy Bureau Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan

Why International Co-operation? Background Emerging global challenges Needs of research projects and infrastructure in large scale -> increasing R&D costs and risks Global mobility of highly skilled We need more International S&T Co-operation Multinational Co-operation Bilateral Co-operation

Two types of Multinational Co-operation 1.Multinational Projects/ Systems Member agency Some Projects/systems are inherently multinational --Examples-- International Space Station (ISS), International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). 2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations Taking advantage of existing bilateral co-operations by networking them to increase effectiveness Governing body and managing structure Network by regions (ex. Asia) Potential to expand Network by issues (ex. HIV)

1. Multinational Projects/ Systems Concept Some Projects/systems are inherently multinational, but require much time and effort Establishing management structure Agreeing upon member countries (agencies) obligations Image Member agency Governing body and managing structure

1. Multinational Projects/ Systems Examples Environment :GEOSS Energy :ITER Establishment of Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS) Group of Earth observations (GEO) ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) Parties: Japan, EU, USA, Russia, China, Korea, India 7 parties GEO Ministerial Summit ITER International Organization GEO Plenary Council Executive Committee (12 representatives) Advisory committees Director- General Auditors Working party and committees GEO Secretariat ITER Project Team

1. Multinational Projects/ Systems Examples Disaster Prevention: Sentinel Asia Observation Utilization Space Agency Earth Observation Satellite Communication Satellite Transmission Disaster Management Organization Value-added Information Disaster Information @ Sharing (Web) User Expansion Governmental Local Organization Governmental (ADRC members) Organization End User Human Network Capacity Building Outreach

1. Multinational Projects/ Systems Examples Disaster Prevention: Sentinel Asia Space Community APRSAF International Community UN/ESCAP UN/OOSA ASEAN AIT Sentinel-Asia Joint Project Team: 44 agencies from 19 countries + 8 international organizations Digital Earth/Web-GIS Community Digital Asia Disaster Reduction Community ADRC

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations Concept More flexible approach: Image Taking advantage of existing bilateral co-operations by networking them to increase effectiveness Network by regions (ex. Asia) Potential to expand Network by issues (ex. HIV)

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations Examples Health (Infectious Disease): Program of Founding Research Centers for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases Institute of Thailand Institute of China Institute of India Ghana HIV Malaria Bird-flu enteric Infection University of JAPAN Bird-flu HIV Hepatitis JAPAN JAPAN HIV Tuberculosis, Parasitic disease JAPAN Center of Research Network for Infectious Diseases (RIKEN) Dengue virus Malaria HIV Bird-flu Institute of Vietnam Bird-flu the Ebola virus, tuberculosis Zambia Indonesia Hepatitis, Bird-flu Influenza, Hydrophobia, Tuberculosis Institute of Philippine JAPAN JAPAN JAPAN JAPAN

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Case Strengthening S&T cooperation with developing countries to solve global issues Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development MEXT JST Support Research Institutions in Japan Collaboration International Joint Research Research Partnership MOFA JICA Technical Cooperation Research Institutions in Developing Countries Characteristics: Addressing Global Challenges Partnerships between developed and developing countries Synergy of ODA and S&T co-operation Building R&D capacity and contributing to sustainable growth of developing countries

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Case Selected Research Projects (in FY 2008) : Environment and Energy Project Title Decision-making support system for the adaptation in waterrelated areas under climate change Eco-technological management of Tuvalu against sea level rise Research on ethanol production from sugarcane wastes Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-forest in Indonesia R&D for water reuse technology in tropical regions Conservation of biodiversity and sustainable coexistence between human and wild animals Sustainable Systems for Food and Bio-energy Production under Water-saving Irrigation in the Egyptian Nile Basin Counterpart Thailand Tuvalu Brazil Indonesia Thailand Gabon Egypt

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Case Selected Research Projects (in FY 2008) : Natural Disaster Prevention Project Title Study on Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in the Bhutan Himalayas Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia Risk identification and land-use planning for disaster mitigation of landslides and floods in Croatia Counterpart Bhutan Indonesia Croatia Selected Research Projects (in FY 2008) : Infectious Diseases Control Project Title Development of therapeutic human antibodies and pursuing novel therapeutic candidates against infectious diseases, especially dengue hemorrhagic fever Establishment of novel diagnostic systems and development of new drugs for tuberculosis and trypanosomiasis Counterpart Thailand Zambia

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Proposed Activity in GSF OECD Global Science Forum Proposal for an Activity on Opportunities, Challenges and Good Practices in International Research Cooperation between Developed and Developing Countries

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Proposed Activity in GSF Objective and activities of new proposal To share experiences and to see how scientific cooperation on global issues with developing countries have been worked in other OECD countries To seek the way of best practice in scientific cooperation with developing countries To explore possibilities of cooperation among programs and projects To achieve above objectives, we proposed focused research on scientific cooperation activities for global-scale problems with developing countries including policy, strategy, programs, resources and outcomes.

2.Networking of Bilateral Co-operations: Japan s Proposed Activity in GSF Focal Points on Research Activities how to address local emerging needs with global significance how to incorporate or integrate traditional ODA and scientific activities including peer review system how to achieve ownership and partnership with developing countries how to develop human capabilities in the course of cooperation how to apply and transfer results of joint research to local industries and society as well as to other countries or regions with same issues how to evaluate cooperation outcome including the development of appropriate indicators how to cooperate and coordinate projects and programs among developed countries

Conclusion CSTP: Workshop on International Co-operation to Address Global Challenges --New Approches and Governance mechanisms for multinational S&T co-operation-- complementary Improved Multinational Co-operation Multinational Projects/ Systems GSF: Activity on International Research Cooperation between Developed and Developing Countries Networking of Bilateral Co-operations

Thank you for your kind attention