Speed to Insight Metrology and Measurement in 5G IEEE 1 st International 5G Summit, Princeton. May 26 th 2015 Malcolm Robertson
5G: What Will it Be? From Vision to Fantasy or Reality? Amazingly Fast Great Service In a Crowd Best Experience Follows You Real-Time & Reliable Communications Ubiquitous Things Communicating Courtesy of METIS: 2014 7 Trillion Connected Devices by 2025 2
A Study in Misperception Some history: WHO SAID the following..? Q. The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco. He never said this! A.Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) Q. the Great Wall is the only man-made thing on our planet visible to the human eye from the moon. Q. I have not the smallest molecule of faith in aerial navigation other than ballooning. No balloon and no aeroplane will ever be practically successful. A. Henry Norman: 1895 A. Richard Halliburton: They 1938 said this, but could never verify the statement. A. William Thomson 1 st Baron Kelvin: Lord Kelvin 1902 He said this a year before the Wright Brothers flew. 3
From my History Lesson: What was Missing? In physical science a first essential step in the direction of learning any subject is to find principles of numerical reckoning and practicable methods of measuring some quality connected with it. I often say that Validation Verification Quantitative Analysis when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers you know something about it; but when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind: it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science. --William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, 1883 4
The 5G Vision Requires Enabling Technologies which Require New Measurements 100X Data Rates 1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency Requires Enabling Technologies 1. New <6GHz PHY/MAC 2. mmwave (Carrier, BW, MU-MIMO) 3. >>400GB/s Fiber 4. Hyper-Fast Data Buses 5. C-RAN & New NW Topologies Drives Measurement Demands 1. Quantify new modulation & multiple-access Schemes 2. Measure wide bandwidths, high frequencies, fast bit rates 3. Measurement & calibration of smart antennas 4. Modeling & validation of new networks 5
5G Measurement Challenges A Venn Diagram of Collaboration All Possible Simulations & Measurements 3 areas 3 areas Areas to focus to to focus on initially: onfor development What you think you need to measure What you know you need to measure What can be measured economically today What we can measure today 6
Design & Simulation How good is your model? A simulation is only as good as the models and algorithms used to create the simulation and the data input to the simulation (where did those numbers come from?) 7
Calibration, Measurement Uncertainty & Traceability Well it s above the noise, isn t it? All measurement processes are accompanied by errors and uncertainties and they cannot be eliminated The means by which measurement uncertainties are managed (e.g. by their inclusion in test equipment specifications) are important to understand 8
Simulation, Test, and Measurement Challenges A sampling of 5G Attractions Massive MIMO Over-the-Air Test 9
Test Challenge Example #1: Massive MIMO An exercise in scaling the most expensive part of test Understand Simulate Where we know we need to measure! Emulate Realize Equations from Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas, by Thomas L. Marzetta, 2010 10
Test Challenge Example #1: Massive MIMO What do we need to measure? Now the System BER, SIR Joule/bit, Bps/Hz Add the Antenna(s) Patterns, Gain, Efficiency, Bandwidth, Polarization, Reciprocity Foundational RF Performance P o Power, N o N 1 Noise, N 2 Mod NAccuracy, 3 N 4 Occupied N 5 N 6 Bandwidth N N N P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 P P N 11
Test Challenge Example #1: Massive MIMO Further Test Considerations N UE s M Base Station Antennas To build a test system for this Base Station, do we need MxN channels of transmit and receive? Number of data streams vs number of antennas? Can we control the # of spatial modes? What about fading/channel emulation? 12
The importance of antennas Features providing a few tenths of a db of baseband performance are considered worth fighting for Step 1 Measure with a micrometer Once conducted signals reach RF, allowances for implementation margin and test system uncertainty can account for 2 or 3 db lost performance Step 2 Mark with chalk But the radiated performance of devices taking into account the antennas can easily vary by 10 db or more Step 3 Cut with an axe Speed to Insight: Metrology & Measurement in 5G
Test Challenge Example #2: Over-the-Air The safety of a transmission line Radio Measurement Solution Plane of Specification Predictable Transmission Line Plane of Calibration DUT Specified to here Calibrated to here 14
Test Challenge Example #2: Over-the-Air Exiting the safety of a transmission line Proximate Area of Specification Proximate Area of Calibration Radio Measurement Solution Infinite Finite Possible Transmission Lines DUT Specified to here? Calibrated to here? 15
Speed to Insight Your 5G Eureka moment will happen sooner or later. We ll help make it sooner PEOPLE Keysight engineers are active in the leading 5G forums and consortia Keysight engineers are keynote speakers at 5G conferences and key contributors in top technical journals Applications engineers are in more than 100 countries around the world HARDWARE + SOFTWARE Designed for testing 5G simulation to verification Software platforms and applications that work seamlessly across our 5G instruments Incorporate iterative design and rapidly move between stages of your 5G development flow Industry s first and largest 5G library HARDWARE + SOFTWARE + PEOPLE = 5G INSIGHTS 16