Surveillance and Broadcast Services

Surveillance and Broadcast Services Surveillance and Broadcast Services Casa Grande EAA Jimmy Wright Date: April 18, 2015

Today s Air Transportation System Ground-based Human-centric and un-automated Single channel voice control Aging Infrastructure (youngest En Route facility 43 years) Radar NAVAIDs Air/Ground Communications Radar Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Systems Airport Landing, Weather, Lighting 2

From Beacon to Satellite Procedural-based control based on pilot-location reports via radio Surveillance-based control based on radar location Trajectory-based control based on precision GPS location Landmark navigation Radio beacons Position reports VOR/DME Radar RNP ADS-B Data Comm 1930s 1950s Now 3

NextGen Improvements Deliver increased efficiency, flexibility, predictability, safety, environmental benefits Legacy System Radar Inefficient Routes Voice Communications Disparate Information Fragmented Weather Forecasting Weather Restricted Visibility Forensic Safety Systems Nationwide Focus NextGen Satellite Performance Based Navigation (fuel savings) Voice & Digital Communications Automated Decision Support Tools Integrated Weather Information Improved Access in Low Visibility Prognostic Safety Systems Focus on Congested Metroplexes For NextGen update, visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/update 4 4

Surface Traffic Management and Enhanced Surface Operations ADS-B Data Communications Integrated Flight Planning Streamlined Departure Management RNP ADS-B Data Communications TCAS Efficient Cruise RNP ADS-B Data Communications TCAS Streamlined Arrival Management RNP ADS-B Data Communications TCAS For NextGen update, visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/update TRANSFORMATIONAL Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B), Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Data Communications FOUNDATIONAL Tactical Air Traffic Control Separation: En Route Automation (ERAM), Terminal Automation (TAMR) Strategic Air Traffic Decision Support: Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS) Surveillance: Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) 5

Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast Automatic properly equipped aircraft automatically report their position Dependent ADS-B is dependent on aircraft having the proper transmitter Surveillance this technology allows air traffic controllers to see the aircraft as they move in the sky Broadcast aircraft broadcast their position to air traffic control and other ADS-B equipped aircraft 6

Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast Radar Surveillance Satellite-Based Surveillance Precision position updates Cockpit traffic and weather Safer flights Improved separation Oceanic altitude changes Ground infrastructure in place nationwide (March 2014) Satellite-based surveillance 7

Why is ADS-B better than Radar? More accurate data as it uses GPS for position More frequent data Updates every second Better coverage on a per site basis Particularly in areas of mountainous terrain Easier siting considerations A typical ADS-B radio station can be as small as a minirefrigerator, requiring as little as 20 square feet, including the fence around it. Easier to install means more units Thereby reducing lapses in radar coverage Less maintenance Therefore less cost to operate 8

National Air Space Traffic (10:30AM Pacific) 9

National Air Space Traffic (10:30AM Pacific) 10

Benefits in the cockpit Provides navigation and displays aircraft position relative to terrain Displays location of other aircraft Garmin MX 20, on a flight over Cook Inlet en-route to ANC with both TIS-B and FIS-B displayed 11

Benefits in the cockpit Weather on the moving map display Text weather Surface observations Winds aloft Forecasts Graphic products NEXRAD Weather Radar 12

Benefits Summary AIR TRANSPORT Increased safety on the surface by controllers More efficient spacing on approach in VMC Continuation of Visual Approaches in marginal conditions Increased ability to allow continuous descent approaches Increased safety on the surface by pilots High altitude - Increased capacity Increased capacity GENERAL AVIATION Fewer aircraft to aircraft conflicts Fewer encounters with hazardous weather More efficient routes in adverse weather Reduction in user costs to obtain weather info Fewer aircraft to terrain conflicts Fewer aviation accidents Access to lower altitude routes Improved search and rescue services Increase access to remote villages Increased medevac access to remote areas 13

ADS-B Ground Infrastructure 14

Aircraft ADS-B Equipage Rule Mandatory by Jan 1, 2020 FAA published the Final Rule On May 27, 2010 for ADS-B Out equipage. This rule mandates performance requirements for ADS-B avionics that will be required to fly in certain airspace ADS-B Out transmits location information received from the Global Navigation Satellite System out of the aircraft to ADS-B ground stations and to other aircraft equipped to receive ADS-B broadcasts. The rule does not preclude other navigation source methods. This rule does not mandate ADS-B In 15

ADS-B Link Options ADS-B in the U.S. NAS operates on two frequencies (links): 1090 MHz 978 MHz Equipment choices are: 1090 Extended Squitter (ES) transponder Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) operating on 978 MHz Which equipment is best depends on: Regulation Current equipment Personal preference 16

Mode C Mode C Required ADS-B Airspace 1090ES Required UAT or 1090ES Required UAT or 1090ES Class A 18,000 Class E 10,000 UAT or 1090ES Required Required 1090ES Excluding Excluding 2500 2500 AGL AGL 12 NM MSL 3000 MSL UAT or 1090ES Class B UAT or 1090ES Class C Gulf of Mexico 30 NM 30 NM 17

ADS-B Rule Performance Requirements 91.215 ATC Transponder & Altitude Reporting Unchanged. Aircraft must still carry a transponder 91.227 Equipment Classifications TSO-C166b TSO-C154c Earlier revisions not acceptable Must use the same altitude source for ADS-B and transponder 18

CONUS ADS-B (V2 + V1 Approved GoMex Helicopters 24 Hour Snapshot, Tues Mar 10 th, 2015) http://vimeo.com/118952134 Count Link 852 260B 235 282B 16 Dual Out 7 260A Helos Anonymous 0 Ops (Included in 282B count) 1,110 LV1+LV2 Note: Some aircraft with multiple flights Green = DO-260B Purple = DO-282B Yellow = 260A GoMex approved helicopters 19

9,630 By End of Year Projected Equipage (based on 12 month curve to Jan 2015) Projection based on 160K by 1/1/2020 Jan 1 st, 2016 20,078 22,605 Jan 1 st, 2017 36,721 44,457 Jan 1 st, 2018 58,925 74,640 Jan 1 st, 2019 86,689 113,152 Jan 1 st, 2020 120,014 159,994 20

Equipage Monitoring ADS-B Out by Link Link Type Count 260B 6,716 282B 2,596 Dual B 318 Total 9,630 As of January 2015 21

Equip 2020 FAA Leadership hosted over 80 industry representatives at an ADS-B Call to Action meeting on 28-Oct-2014 to identify and address barriers to equipping with ADS-B Out by January 1, 2020 Participants identified a number of barriers to on-time rule compliance Corresponding actions were developed in working sessions 32 actions were identified, to be further worked by industry/faa under an initiative called Equip 2020 and hosted by the NextGen Institute Equip 2020 meetings will occur approximately monthly and consist of an initial Plenary, Working Group meetings, and report out Plenary all within a single day 22

Equip 2020 Working Groups Air Carrier Equipage: This working group will coordinate and monitor the equipage of ADS-B Out in the Part 121 and 135 community, tackling issues relevant to availability of equipment and its installation. Leads: Paul Railsback (Airlines For America), Bruce DeCleene (FAA AFS-400), Brian Will (American), and Larry Hills (FedEx) General Aviation Equipage: This working group will coordinate and monitor the equipage of ADS-B Out in the General Aviation community, tackling issues relevant to availability of equipment and its installation. Leads: Jens Hennig (GAMA), Roger Sultan (FAA AFS-430) and Jim Viola (FAA AFS-800). Education and Benefits: This working group will coordinate education and outreach to the community concerning ADS-B Out requirements and benefits. The group may also identify additional benefits that could be implemented for equipped aircraft. Leads: Rocky Stone (United), Joe Bertapelle (Jet Blue) and Val Palazzolo (FAA AFS-850) Installation and Approvals: This working group will address all of the issues associated with ensuring efficient and consistent installations and approvals. Leads: Ric Peri (Aircraft Electronics Assoc), Tim Shaver (FAA AFS-360) and Alex Rodriguez (FAA AIR-130). 23

ADS-B Avionics 24

ADS-B Compatible Avionics Three Components GPS source (required for ADS-B Out) ADS-B Box (Transmitter)- 978 Mhz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) or 1090 ES (required for ADS-B Out) ADS-B Displays (Cockpit display- not mandated at this time) 25

Avidyne - ADS-B Products ADS-B 1090 Out TSO 166b certified AML STC IFD540 26

Freeflight ADS-B Products 27

Freeflight ADS-B System with ipad 28

Garmin GDL 88- dual link (Certified to TSO-C166b) AML STC (covers most Part 23 aircraft) GTX 330 / 330ES (Certified to TSO- C166b) AML STC (covers most Part 23 aircraft) GTX 33 / 33ES (Certified to TSO-C166b) AML STC (covers most Part 23 aircraft) 29

L3 ADS-B Products NGT-9000 ADS-B out/in transceiver with built-in touchscreen display NGT 2000/2500 TSO 166b, AML STC 30

TRIG ADS-B Products TT31 Mode S Transponder- Certified 1090ES/ADS-B Out (TSO C166b) TT22 Mode S Transponder- Support for 1090ES/ADS-B Out (TSO C166b) TA60 Series of ADS-B Receivers ADS-B Traffic Receiver DO-260B compliant Antenna Diversity Optional Built-in GPS Multiple interface options 31

NavWorx ADS-B Products ADS 600-BG Certified to TSO-C154c and TSO-C145c STC allows for installations in certified aircraft. 32

Bendix ADS-B Products KGX 150/130 The KGX 150 series of UAT transceivers and receivers offer an ADS-B certified solution with an integrated WAAS GPS. KT 74 ADS-B OUT Enabled Mode S Transponder. The KT 74 supports the ADS-B OUT * 1090- ES improvements needed to optimize efficiency and situational awareness Certified to TSO-C166b 1090 ES OUT MHz AML STC 33

FIS-B Service FIS-B is transmitted over 978 MHz (UAT) band. It is not transmitted over 1090 MHz. This service is a broadcast and not a client based service as is TIS-B and ADS-R. This information is transmitted regardless of whether or not there are any SBS clients within the service volume. The radio stations are broken down into tiers and provide information for their respective tier. 34

Free Weather Services Available to GA Cockpit Services Free Products Update Interval Transmission Interval AIRMET As Available 5 minutes Convective SIGMET As Available then at 15 minute intervals for 1 hour 5 minutes METAR / SPECI 1 minute (where available) as available otherwise 5 minutes NEXRAD Reflectivity ~ 5 minutes (10 minutes (CONUS) for clear air mode) 15 minutes NEXRAD Reflectivity ~ 5 minutes (10 minutes (Regional) for clear air mode) 2.5 minutes NOTAMs - D/FDC As Available 10 minutes PIREP As Available 10 minutes SIGMET As Available, then at 15 minute intervals for 1 hour 5 minutes SUA Status As Available 10 minutes TAF / AMEND 8 hours 10 minutes Tempertature Aloft 12 hours 10 minutes Winds Aloft 12 hours 10 minutes 35

Service Volume In any given service volume three separate and distinct services may exist: ADS-B Air-to-Air ADS-R TIS-B All three are required to provide a complete picture of traffic situational awareness to the cockpit. 36

ADS-Rebroadcast (ADS-R) ADS-B ground station receive signals on 1090 and rebroadcast on 978 and the signals received on 978 will be rebroadcast on 1090 ADS-R 37

ADS-B Traffic Hockey Puck TIS-B and ADS-R transmit traffic information that is customized to the receiving aircraft s location The receiving aircraft must be broadcasting (quality parameters) ADS- B Out and indicating that it is ADS-B IN equipped When in range of an ADS-B radio station such aircraft will receive: TIS-B traffic within a 15 mile radius and +/- 3500 feet of their aircraft ADS-R traffic within a 15 mile radius and +/- 5000 feet of their aircraft 38

ADS-R and TIS-B Service ADS-B In/Out Client 39

Piggybacking Using service from a client aircraft equipped with ADS-B In and Out. 40

Piggybacking Concerns with not having the whole picture. 41

Phoenix/Tucson Coverage Maps 42

Phoenix Terminal Coverage- 1,500ft AGL High Traffic Density High 1090MHz Interference SV-001 boundary Radar Only ADS-B Only Radar and ADS-B Alt(ft AGL) Radar RLOS within SV ADS-B Coverage within SV ADS-B within Radar Radar within ADS-B 1,500 36.52% 92.88% 97.93% 38.50% 43

Phoenix Radar Coverage LR@ MEA -500ft No coverage Radar coverage only 44

Phoenix ADS-B Coverage LR@ MEA -500ft Multiple sites coverage Single site coverage No coverage 45

Tucson Terminal Coverage 1,500ft AGL Medium Traffic Density Medium 1090MHz Interference SV-044 boundary Radar Only ADS-B Only Radar and ADS-B Alt(ft AGL) Radar RLOS within SV ADS-B Coverage within SV ADS-B within Radar Radar within ADS-B 1,500 25.42% 86.68% 98.28% 28.82% 46

Tucson Radar Coverage LR@ MEA -500ft No coverage Radar coverage only 47

Tucson ADS-B Coverage LR@ MEA -500ft Multiple sites coverage Single site coverage No coverage 48

Surveillance & Broadcast Services Jere Hayslett Acting Deputy Director, Air Traffic Systems, AJM-2 (202) 267-0517 jere.hayslett@faa.gov Jim Wright Senior Avionics Specialist (907) 790-7316 Jim.ctr.Wright@faa.gov www.faa.gov/nextgen/adsb 49

Back Up 50

Sensor Characteristics for Fusion ASR-9/Mode S - Update Rate: 4.61 seconds - Range Accuracy: +/- 180 feet (68%) - Azimuth Accuracy: +/- 637 feet (68%) at 60NM - Range: 60NM Azimuth Error Range (0-60 NM) Range Error Range (0-250 NM) Azimuth Error Range Error ARSR-4/ATCBI-6 - Update Rate: 12 seconds - Range Accuracy: +/- 180 feet (68%) - Azimuth Accuracy: +/- 2652 feet (68%) at 250NM - Range: 250NM 51

Sensor Characteristics for Fusion ADS-B - Update Rate: once per second - Accuracy: +/- 150 feet (68%) - Range: Worldwide - Velocity: <10m per second horizontal ADS-B via GPS Constellation ADS-B Error 52

Comparison of Different Sensors ADS-B via GPS Constellation Fusion of Multiple Surveillance Sources ASR-9/Mode S ADS-B Error LRR Azimuth SRR Error Azimuth Error ARSR-4/ATCBI-6 Range Range Radar Range Error 53

ADS-B Rule Performance Requirements 91.227 Equipment Classifications TSO-C166b TSO-C154c Earlier revisions not acceptable Accuracy & Integrity Performance NAC P 8 (<.05nm) Position Accuracy NIC 7 (< 0.2nm) Position Integrity NAC V 1 (< 10m/s) Velocity Accuracy SIL = 3 Integrity Probability SDA 2 (Major) Design Assurance 54

ADS-B Rule Performance Requirements 91.227 Broadcast Message Elements NIC Baro Altitude Velocity NAC P Mode 3/A Code Flight ID NAC V 24-bit Address Geometric Altitude SDA TCAS Status ADS-B In Capability SIL TCAS Report Lat/Long Emitter Category IDENT Length/Width Latency Total Latency 2.0 seconds Uncompensated Latency 0.6 seconds 55

FIS-B Service The four tiers are as follows: High-Altitude (up to 24,000 ft AGL) Medium-Altitude (up to 14,000 ft AGL) Low-Altitude (up to 3000 ft AGL) Surface 56

Flight Information Service Broadcast (FIS-B) 57

FIS-B Service Surface radios provide the following look-ahead range: Product Product Look-ahead Range for Surface Radios CONUS NEXRAD Winds & Temps Aloft METAR, TAF, AIRMET, SIGMET, NOTAM PIREP & SUA Regional NEXRAD N/A 500 NM look-ahead range 100 NM look-ahead range N/A 150 NM look-ahead range FIS-B is transmitted in segments based on channel allocation for the given altitude tier. The system cannot decode the information until all segments are received from the ground system. 58

FIS-B Tiering 59