Where to Look for Information Main Focus First Semester: What record types are there? What information is in them? Alternate Focus: Where can I find the information I want to have? Information About Ancestors Where to look for it* Other Genealogies (has it already been done?) Ancestral Relationships Vitals (birth/baptism, marriage, death, burial) - The Basics: Who, What, When and Where? Exactly where did they live? Did they Serve in the Military The Person's Character and Prosperity Migration; Foreign Town of Origin Describe Community and its History * Have you found the original document? What do you want to know? Vitals: birth, marriage, death, and where events took place Develop family relationships Did they own or rent? Were they poor, rich, middle? Did they die with young ones? Where did they come from? Getting Started Do the Easy Stuff First Talk or write to your relatives - forms: pedigree, family groups Organize your information: - pedigree: MA-Alice-pedigree.pdf - genealogical software: PAF (click in lower right of page) Who else is working on your family? - web resources amazing finds Which Sources to Believe? Original vs Secondary* Records Closest to date of event Made by eye witness to event Unbiased and competent No reason to hide the truth Incentive to be accurate * history/genealogy book, on-line, hearsay Always Record your source of information. Was it the original record? - record made at time of event or soon thereafter - if not, confirm with original record. Confirm the original record itself. - was it made with competent hands? - did anyone want to hide the truth? ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 1
Birth and Baptism* (by class) (entries made during 12-7-05 class) - Birth certificate - Church and town record? - family bible, diaries and engravings? (entries made during 12-7-05 class) - newspaper report - from a relative? - correspondence - family photos - census * baptism could be day of birth or many years later Birth and Baptism* - certificate of birth (baptism often says when born) -- even the original can be wrong (something to hide?) - mother says so, town/church record?, family bible? - death or marriage certificate - age on document -- court, military, marriage, apprentice indenture -- census (month of birth on 1900 U.S. census) - presumed age, e.g. adulthood (tax, vote, legal dealings) - depositions/supoenas * baptism could be day of birth or many years later Marriage (by class) - civil (government) and - church records (minister*, church, government) - marriage certificate - marriage application, license, bond, pre-nuptial - family bible (long after event? check handwriting) - pension application - children s birth records - newspaper (marriages) - death records (obits, tombstones, funeral homes) - citizenship intentions (after 1906) English Folklore from the 1500s... Most people got married in June, because they took their annual bath in May and still smelled pretty good by June. However, they were starting to smell, so brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. Hence today s custom. Marriage (entries to be made in Part 2 class) - marriage certificate - church/town record (if recorded soon after event) - spouses say so?, - family bible/letters? (entries to be made in Part 2 class) - marriage bond/license (marriage often on later day) - will identifying married daughters - probate files & deeds naming married widow/dau/sister - census sheets 1880+; bef 1880, less certain - cemetery family plots/inscriptions/records * Death/Burial* (by class) - civil (government) and church record - death certificate, will and probate - cemetery caretaker s record - Social Security death index - military and/or occupational death record - widow/orphans application for military pension - family bible - tombstone, newspaper obituary or death record - Fraternal organizations, city directories * burial could be days or months later (if ground frozen) ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 2
English Folklore from the 1500s... When the locals needed places to bury people, they dug up coffins and took the bones to a "bone-house" When reopening, 1 of 25 coffins had scratch marks on the inside -- they were burying people alive! So, they led a string from the wrist of the corpse, thru the coffin to above ground, then tied it to a bell. Someone took the "graveyard shift all night to sit and listen for the bell. Several were then"saved by the bell" and considered "dead ringers Death/Burial* - civil (government) and church record - cemetery caretaker records - family bible/letters? Secondary - death notices? - obituaries?? (less than ½ of deaths) - tombstone inscriptions?? - funeral ceremonies - probate/orphans court records - tax delinquent records - census mortality schedules (or not being counted????) * burial could be days or months later (if ground frozen) How did they sign their name? - draft registration, pension application, naturalization - original deeds (grantee signs; grantor gets original) - wills and witnesses thereof - marriage cert., bond (marriage approvals by church) - work permit, contracts - checks, autographs - family letters - not deed books How did they sign their name? - original wills, probate case files, guardian papers - original deeds (held by grantee, not government) - depositions/subpoenas/bonds/witnesses - sometimes when mortgage paid in full in deed books - marriage license, bond, certificate - letters, diaries, books (signed by owner) - original IOU (common pleas court) - bills of sale - deeds in county book (if clerk tried to match mark) Did they serve in the Military? - muster rolls (e.g. Civil War), discharge papers - pension application; Albany NY did not serve papers - soldier s diary - photo in uniform, letters from the battle - records of veteran s organizations (e.g. American Legion) - plaque in cemetery, obituary - 1840, 1890 vets, 1910, 1930 census - family letters, - war histories (regiment, local) * Did they serve in the Military? - muster roll ( original and report to authorities) - medical report of sick, wounded and dead - military reports: imprisonment, AWL, discharge papers - pension applications with affidavits - pension check - photo in uniform or uniform itself - letters home from battlefront 1861 - obituary, mug book, family genealogy - tombstone/plaque: Veteran of [xxx] War - family folklore: descent from Revolutionary War soldier ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 3
What did they look like? - family photos (e.g. locket) - modern driver s license - military records (description in WW1 draft registration) - naturalization application (photo and/or description) - passport (description + occupation in 1840 passport) - school yearbooks, mug books - Civil War officers and non-coms photos - barracks -paintings What did they look like? (if labeled correctly) - photo (including obits, citizenship intention 1906+, etc) - painting and other art - doctor s description in pension/military application - description in WWI draft registration - IL muster rolls: http://www.ilsos.gov/genealogy - diaries/letters - health records (X-rays, dental) - obituaries - diaries/letters - family oral tradition Exactly* where did they live? - deeds; tax records - WW1 draft registration - census (ward/nearby town/post office; city street: 1880+) - city directories - family letters (envelope) - death certificate, pension file/check; Sanborn map - church baptism/marriage records (Catholic/others) - county Atlas - MapQuest may help locate (is the place name the same?) * knowing helps identify church, neighbors, migration paths Exactly* where did they live? - deeds [Deedmapper software: 23 o W121, SSE via river ] - depositions, wills, probate papers, chancery court - city directories, phone books, Sanborn maps - census in towns and cities 1880+ - tax records: usually by sections of county(town/hundred) - letters and diaries; photos; SS application/check/death Secondary Records - county Atlas ; deeds as bordering landowners - records of neighbors or those attending the same church - mug books, genealogies * knowing helps identify church, neighbors, migration paths What was this place like then?* - visits to old buildings (and their documents) - picture postcards - county, town, industrial, church, college histories - repositories: historical societies, grange, college libraries - timeline in genealogical software (e.g. GenLine) - newspapers - bios (e.g. mug books vanity) - census occupations, wealth, population records * helps identify why they settled there or went elsewhere English Folklore from the 1500s... Baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. Man of the house had the privilege of clean water, then grown males (sons then other men). Then the women and finally the children! Last of all the babies. By then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone. Thus, the expression "Don't throw the baby out with the bath water However, see http://historymedren.about.com/od/dailylifesociety/a/bod_baths.htm ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 4
What was this place like then?* - photos (family/county histories, postcards, newspaper) - descriptions of life in letters/diaries (one person s view!) - paintings/drawings (the artist s view!) - maps: old official ; http://earth.google.com -- U.S. Geological Survey: http://ngmdb.usgs.gov - histories, genealogies, biographies (use LDS catalog) -- drawing power of soil, finance, industry -- migrations because of war, disease, famine, better life -- may say why people settled there; identify first settlers * helps identify why they settled there or went elsewhere How prosperous were they?* (entries to be made in Part 2 class) - wills, probate papers (inventories, sales) - deeds - insurance maps - tax rolls - cemetery plot paid for, or pauper (entries to be made in Part 2 class) -census - unions - newspapers * What did they own? Were they in debt? How prosperous were they?* - taxes (including detailed lists: cows, buildings, slaves) - declining/increasing taxes vs. others - deeds, Chancery Court - mortgages, debt (Common Pleas, sheriff s sale of land) - wills, probate papers - Orphans Court, apprentice indentures, alms house - mug books * What did they own? Were they in debt? What kind of people were they? - church records (leadership, discipline, confirmation) - Society memberships - criminal records, court records - war records (medals, court-martials, medical) - psychiatric (insane asylum) - newspaper stories/obituaries - family stories (oral tradition, letters) - census occupation - photographs * How did they interact with others and society; respected? What kind of people were they?* (written at time by person or others) - tax records (slave or slave owners, occupation, physicals) - pension inventories (books, tools of trade, loom, clock) - wills of personal property (quilt, Bible - from mother) - religious records (served/punished/disowned) - elected to office - named as guardian, trustee or executor in will - convicted criminal, filings for divorce - affidavits, depositions, renunciations of executor task - mug books, family stories (oral tradition) - occupation (deed, will, probate, tax record) * often only one person s or one organization s opinion 1920s note from Great Aunt Allie to my Mother* * She was named after her Great Aunt Mary Alice (Allie) MacMillan who as a 1900 census enumerator, lied about her age -- by 4 yrs! ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 5
With whom did they associate?* - witnesses of documents - guest lists and attendees (e.g. baptisms, wakes, weddings) -- Godparents, pallbearers - photos with others - school yearbooks/clubs (found via diploma/newspapers) - diaries/letters - fraternal organizations (via tombstone/obituary/bios) - next door neighbors in census - obituaries * many could actually be related in some way With whom did they associate?* /books (written at time by person or others) - named as guardian by Orphans Court - named executor/administrator in will or trustee - wills of personal property in family and out-of-family - witnesses (wills, deeds, bonds) - affidavits, depositions, informant (death certificate) - partners in crime (Criminal Courts) - bordering landowners * many could actually be related; possible source of spouse Who are they related to? - wills listing heirs, court cases over inheritance -pensions - census (note children & others of different last names) - family bibles (does handwriting change over time) - christening, birth certificates - mortgage records, military discharge papers (DD214?) - marriage license, divorce - insane asylum committals - ship passenger lists (embarkation/debarkation) - citizenship applications Secondary Records (entries added in Part 2 class) - 1 yr bef census (to 5/31) mortality schedules (index 1850-85) - obituaries; tombstone engravings - genealogies (e.g. DAR application, books/journal articles) Who are they related to? s (often said where some moved to) - deeds (many generations back can be named in a deed) - wills; probate administrations (esp. distribution accts.) - orphans Court (sometimes many generations forward) - chancery court (land disputes) - birth/death certificates (careful: adoptions, non-paternity) - church records of birth/marriage/death - tax records: adjacent listing, assumed burden at death /books (written at time by person or others) - census (1880+ good; 1850-70 much less certain) - obituaries, mug books, folklore 1920s note from Great Aunt Allie to my Mother Where they came from and how they met Using Deeds to Build Relationships Using Deeds to Build Relationships Using Deeds to Build Relationships Search grantor (seller) index - will usually name spouse if married Search grantee (buyer) index - keeps original deed - clerk records in county deed book Early deeds not necessarily recorded - appear in book in order deeds are brought to deed office - deed might be recorded 50 yrs later ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 6
Where did they come from?* - intention and naturalization papers - passenger lists: here to there (current resident) - census records (including all resident of household) * see http://copland copland.udel.edu/~ /~tdoherty/migrationus.pdf Where did they come from?* : difficult you don t know location! - military pension papers; deeds (grantee of different place) - immigration, intention, naturalization, passenger records - Certificates/records: marriage, death -- children's birth, baptismal (for parent s birthplace) -- records of town and church (including transfers) - Collect every census record, look at neighbors -- place of earlier census, birthplaces of household family - obituaries, mug books, genealogies, family letters - family bibles, letters from home, photos (look on back) - perseverance: tracing sibling's lines, - join/organize Y-DNA study: http://familytreedna.com * see http://copland copland.udel.edu/~ /~tdoherty/migrationus.pdf Summary and Conclusions Where to look for it What you re looking for might be found almost anywhere. You ll never know what you ll find until you look. ALL Class site: http://copland.udel.edu/~tdoherty 7