Basic Tools & Materials Drawing 101 Tips and Techniques Drawing Pencils Erasers Blending Mediums Paper Other Drawing Pencils H Pencils lead is firmer therefore your mark is lighter B Pencils Lead is softer therefore your mark is darker HB Standard, middle of the road pencil We re going to be using: F, B, 7B 1
Erasers Blending Mediums Kneaded eraser Putty Rubber Pliable material Absorbs/picks up graphite and charcoal particles Adds depth Transitioning Paper Paper There are several factors influencing the texture of paper. Fiber itself Types of wood pulp, cellulose, and cotton will behave differently when made into paper. Volume of pulp per sheet- affect weight and strength Cold Press-Rougher grain holds graphite allows for darker values Watercolor paper Hot Press- Smooth allows for fine detail and soft blending Bristol Board- Vellum- Smooth graphite Newsprint- sketching 2
Other Tools Drawing Try to identify the character of the lines used Ex: straight, faint, fluctuating, jerky, flowing, etc. Look for negative space. Help you see the actual lines of the form. (If it helps, turn the object upside down.) Squint Light and dark Steps to Draw Accurately Drawing Look closely at what you wish to draw. Try to simplify the form into basic shapes. Study the proportions- comparative relation to the whole Compare the length of the form to its width, etc. Measuring is essential Image will appear distorted if measurements are not accurate Ask for second opinion Eye/hand coordination is important. You must get your eye working with your hand (muscular control). Try not to get lost 3
Drawing Drawing When ready to begin drawing: Draw as lightly as possible. Lightly drawn lines are easier to erase, cover and correct. Lines may also add character- depict process Lines create motion By moving the pencil gently back and forth, in short strokes, the desired intensity/value is achieved and the form remains unaltered. Small circles work as well. Different Drawing Methods Gridding Grid Method Quadrant Method Pencil Measuring Technique Freehand Simplifying shapes Egyptians Break down the image - What belongs where Used to enlarge or reduce the size of an image- Everything is equal Correct proportions 4
Thumb-Pencil Measuring Technique Combination of precise measurements/free hand drawing. Use pencil to measure out key landmarks in your drawing and then fill in the rest of the drawing by hand. You could think of it as connecting the dots. Plum Line- Freehand Drawing The Elements of Art Freehand drawing is exactly what it sounds like Done without formal measuring Line Shape Color Form Value Texture Size/Proportion 5
Line Outlines - Lines made by edge of object- silhouette. Contour Lines - Describe shape of object and interior detail. Gesture Lines - Energetic lines- catch the movement - gestures of active figure. Sketch Lines - Capture appearance of object or impression of a place. Implied Line - Lines not actually drawn- created by a group of objects. Shape Geometric Shapes - Circles, Squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and manufactured items. Organic Shapes - Leaf, seashells, flowers. We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular. Positive Shapes - In a drawing or painting positive shapes are the solid forms in a design such as a bowl of fruit. In a sculpture it is the solid form of the sculpture. Negative Shapes - In a drawing it is the space around the positive shape or the shape around the bowl of fruit. In sculpture it is the empty shape around and between the sculptures. Static Shape - Shapes that appears stable and resting. Dynamic Shape - Shapes that appears moving and active. 6
Color Form Color Harmonies - Combinations of colors Analogous Colors- Colors next to each other on the color wheel Ex. red, red orange, and orange Triadic Harmony- Three equally spaced colors on color wheel Ex. yellow, Red, Blue Monochromatic- One color is used - different values and intensity. Warm colors- One side of the color wheel Ex. red, orange and yellow Cool colors - Other side of the color wheel Ex. blue, green, and violet 3-Dimensional- Object with volume and thickness. It is the illusion of a 3-D effect that can be implied with the use of light and shading techniques. Form can be viewed from many angles. Form - Three-dimensionality of object. Shape two-dimensional; Form three-dimensional. You can hold a form; walk around a form and in some cases walk inside a form. Value can imply form. Shading a circle in a certain manner can turn it into a sphere. Value Size/Proportion Degree of light and dark Contrast between black and white and tones in between. Contrast is the extreme changes between values. Used with color as well as black and white. Size- dimensions or magnitude of object Size in comparative relation to the whole Length of arm in relation to torso 7
Henri Matisse Henri Matisse Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso 8
Edgar Degas Edgar Degas Michelangelo Michelangelo 9
Sketch #1 Value Scale How does PROCESS affect PRODUCT in relation to Visual Arts? In your workbook, create a 10 point value scale that looks like the one above. You must have: - Even increments of value - Completely flat value in each rectangle - 10cm- 3cm- Each value should be 1cm/3cm Sketch #2 Blended Value Scale Gradually blend from dark to light Same rules apply for this sketch. Shadow the lack of light causes this part to be dark. Reflected Light Cast Shadow Highlight The light source is coming from the right. For this drawing, you must replicate the drawing shown above using method of your choice. Full shading is required and your finished product should look identical to the image above (minus the value scale). Create frame 15cm width/10cm height Horizon line should intersect half way up the frame Sketch #3 - Shading 3D Objects 10