5G Outlook Test and Measurement Aspects Mark Bailey mark.bailey@rohde-schwarz.com Application Development Rohde & Schwarz
Outline ı Introduction ı Prospective 5G requirements ı Global 5G activities and technology options ı Mm-wave frequencies and related test & measurement aspects ı Summary 2
Global Success of LTE/LTE-Advanced LTE/LTE-A performance will be the benchmark Rel8 Rel10 Rel12 2005 2010 2015 ı The fastest growing cellular technology ever. ı 566 operators committed in 166 countries. ı 450+ networks expected by E2015. ı 360 commercially launched LTE networks. Development R&S 1 st commercial LTE test solutions 1 st commercial LTE network Mass deployment Source: GSA reports (Jan 2015) 3
LTE-Advanced Rel-12 Rel-12 Building Blocks M2M / MTC Support for low cost devices Small Cell enhancements incl. dual layer connectivity (macro/pico) and 256 QAM D2D Proximity service detection and communication WiFi offloading Selective traffic offload Additionally: Joint FDD-TDD Operation Network-Assisted Interference Cancellation Further Enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL Interference Management and Traffic Adaptation Coverage Enhancements 4
5G has not been defined yet! Discussed Scenarios & Requirements ı Dense crowd of users: High data rates. High capacity. Limited area. Very high data rate ı Internet of Things (emergency comms, robots, ): Low latency. High reliability, resilience and security. User case specific data rates/capacity. ı Internet of Things (sensors; leisure applications, ): The volume of devices and things will create new requirements. Battery life time expectation -> years. User case specific data rates/capacity. 5
5G What can be expected Horizon2020 l l l l Evolution of LTE/LTE-A will not be sufficient, given the forecasted increase in the number of devices (M2M) and data consumption, and perceived reduction in latency. Wider bandwidths and higher frequencies. Potential new air interface(s), which need to accommodate tight latency requirements. Integration with existing technologies, LTE/LTE-A (2G/3G/WLAN) will be key! Potential New Adaptive RAT New RAT + LTE R14/15 LTE R14/15 LTE R12/13 LTE R8/9 LTE R10/11 2010 2013 2015 2020 6
Worldwide Research Activities and Initiatives Overview (chronological order) ı NYU Wireless: US research center conducting significant work on propagation characterization at mm-wave frequencies since 2012 ı 5GNOW: Non Orthogonal Waveforms (started in Sept 2012) ı METIS: Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society (started in Nov 2012) ı MiWEBA Millimetre-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access (June 2013) ı IMT-2020 / Future Forum*: China 5G organizations (Feb 2013) ı 5G Forum*: Korean industry-academy-r&d consortium established in May 2013 ı 2020 and Beyond Adhoc: In Japan ARIB established a new AdHoc working group in Sep 2013 ı 5G Innovation Centre*: 5G research in the UK started in Nov 2013 ı Horizon 2020: EU Research and Innovation program (2014-2020) ı NGMN 5G Initiative* (started at MWC 2014) ı 5G Lab Germany* (TU Dresden, opened in Sept 2014) *R&S is member / active 7
5G Technology Options Significant to R&S. Massive MIMO / beamforming - Significantly increased number of Tx / Rx elements - Over the air measurements become essential Mm-Wave frequencies - High absolute frequency bands / wider bandwidth - New channel models reflecting different propagation conditions New air interface technology / New protocols - Multiple air interface candidates being researched - Obvious impact to the complete test portfolio Cloud based network architecture - Centralized base station baseband with high number of distributed radio units ideally connected with no latency (fiber); SDN and NFV - Traffic analytics and security will gain importance 8
Massive MIMO / mm-wave MIMO Beamforming is one important aspect ı Massive MIMO characterized by Very large (i.e. number of Tx elements) antenna array at the base station. Large number of users served simultaneously. TDD allows channel estimation without UE feedback. Leveraging the multiplicity of (uncorrelated) propagation channels to achieve high throughput. ı mm-wave MIMO characterized by Very small (in terms of dimensions) antenna arrays possible Highly directional transmission is needed to compensate severe path loss (beamforming used at Tx and Rx) Dynamic beam adaptation is essential Over the air measurements will become much more important Dynamic beamforming verification requires enhancement of the existing test procedures 9
Test Requirement: Generation of modulated phase coherent signals Antenna Frontend ı Testing of Active Antenna Systems (AAS) ı Stimulus generation for Over-The- Air (OTA) tests ı Beamforming simulation ı MIMO simulation R&S Solution: ı Connection of vector signal generators into a set, gives 4 RF paths, up to 20 GHz. ı Sets, sharing a distributed LO, generate multiple coherent and phase stable RF sources. Phase coherent RF SGU SGS SMW200A SGU SGS SMW200A LO distribution SGU SGS SGU SGS Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Tx4 Tx5 Tx6 Tx7 Tx8 Example: Two sets provide 8 phase coherent signals 10
Test Requirement: High frequencies and wide bandwidths Signal Generation 2 RF outputs 100 khz to 20 GHz Analysis up to 67 GHz in a single Instrument. Signal Analysis 500 MHz BW R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator 1Gsample, 528 MHz RF bandwidth IQ Internal AWG IQ BW = 160 MHz External AWG IQ BW = 2 GHz R&S FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer Channel bandwidth up to 2 GHz (ext. baseband) + R&S AFQ100B IQ Modulation Generator any Wideband ARB generator IQ data Load 5G waveform onto the R&S AFQ100B or any baseband generator R&S RTO1044 Digital Oscilloscope 11
Test Requirement: mmwave - Signal Analysis / Signal Generation l l Signal Generation / Analysis above 67 GHz Channel bandwidth options (shown on previous slides) mm-wave reference plane DUT is inserted here RF R&S FSZ75/90/110 Harmonic Mixer R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator i.e. 72 GHz 2 GHz IQ modulator IF RPG HM4 50-75 R&S FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer Two path up to 20 GHz each, e.g. f LO = 17 GHz and f IF = 4 GHz LO Harmonic mixer using the 4 th multiple of LO Analysis up to 67 GHz in a single instrument IF IN LO out 12
R&S Test Solution Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Device Characterization l Direct measurement up to 67 GHz. l Above 67 GHz, millimetre wave convertors needed. l Parallel measurements. l Multiple ports. l Coherent sources. Device characterisation R&S ZVA Antenna Measurement Setup TX Parallel measurements l Device S-parameters. l Antenna measurements. l Power & frequency sweeps. R&S ZVA Millimeter Wave Setup 13
5G Summary Significant 5G research has started (strong global momentum), but we are still at the research and educational level ı The most significant T&M impact is expected from Use of mm-wave frequencies, R&S anticipates a stepwise approach: Phase 1: Use everything up to 6 GHz. Explore the known playing field! Phase 2: 5G systems that support potentially up to 30 GHz. Phase 3: 5G hits frequencies above 30 GHz. Support for high number of devices (IoT / M2M) and D2D communication. New physical layer, C/U splitting and optimized MAC/RRM R&S has rich RF experience and contributes to ongoing 5G research activities
Thank you for your attention! 15