Recent progress in Research in Competitive Intelligence Competitive Technical Intelligence Knowledge Management Henri Dou Associate professor ESCEM, emerit University Paul Cezanne douhenri@yahoo.fr http://www.ciworldwide.org UNB, September 2, 2008, Brasilia, Brazil The context The research in CI, CTI and KM cannot be develop without a knowledge on the general context in which CI, CTI and KM will be used. The BRIC, facing the USA the Japan and Europe creates a new context of Competitiveness, an increases the influence of the national policy on reasearch programs. The link with the strategic technologies and strategic goals of the country are more important than ever. The development of the information technology and the Internet as well as the worldwide activities of the companies open new horizons for research. Social sciences, hard sciences, economy, regional development, strategy decision making, innovation. are all concerned by the development of research 1
The knowledge age We are in the knowledge age, and all the processes to create knowledge are fundamental. To day, actionable knowledge is one of the most important asset of a company. All the areas of research which will aim to enhance the processes of knowledge creation are important. The creation of knowledge use a succession of steps which for most of them The creation of knowledge use a succession of steps which, for most of them are present in the Intelligence Cycle. 2
New Public and Private Partnerships, the Innovation the Triple Helix We are in a context where the development of innovation and clusters is fundamental. (cf the work of Michael Porter: the competitive advantages of nations), the Palmisano report (USA), etc Let us see a simple definition of Innovation (from the work of the InterregIII Program of the European Community), and see what are the Triple Helix and the new Public and Pi Private Partnerships. 3
All the strategic technologies and strategic areas of France are present 4
The Triple Helix The Government provides money to academic and research institutions (public or private) This leads to the creation of Knowledge and Competences BUT this is only the first step Now Knowledge and Competences must create MONEY This is the second step This is done through industrial partnerships and the development of Innovation This second step is well done within the framework of clusters In these clusters (poles of competitiveness), new relationships between Government, Education Research and Industry are developed. This is called the triple helix. Understanding the mechanism of Innovation Sweden InterregIII 5
The triple helix mechanism The Triple Helix concept was developed years ago by the Dutch research School. Today, with the globalization, the new clusters policy and the Competitive Intelligence it becomes a strategic issue for all countries. A straightforward statement The vision of the development through such a mechanism has been illustrated by Elias Zerhouni, Director of the National Institute of Health of the USA: The success of American scientific research depends on the existing implicit partnership between academic research, the Government and industry. The research institutions have the responsibility to develop the scientific capital. The Government finances the best teams by a transparent system of selection. Industry holds the critical role to develop robust products intended for the public. This strategy is the key of American competitiveness and must be maintained. 2006 6
The Intelligence cycle It presents all the steps which are included in the process of a Competitive Intelligence or Competitive Technical Intelligence Unit. Vision, Strategy and questions from the decision makers (Institutions, Companies, Policy makers ) Information Sources analysis Recommendations provided to the decisions makers Strategies for Information collection Platform of cooperative work Processes to create Actionable Knowledge Information analysis ad understanding SWOT Information Management Experts Creating knowledge is a mixture of human skill and workflow technology 7
The critical steps The main research areas are linked to the most critical steps presented in the cycle of Intelligence. In the remaining parts of this presentation we will present some of the Research trends going on in each of these steps. VisionStrategyand and Questions Where are you? what do you want to go? What will be your strategy(ies) to go there? 8
Future methodology Assessing the strategic goal(s) with concensus 17 Vision, strategy and critical factor of success You cannot master everything. Only key points related to the compay or institution strategy are critical. To have the clearest possible vision of the future is necessary. This implies a strong link between the Competitive Intelligence Team and the decision makers. The goals should be clear explained and share by The stakeholders 9
Stevan Dedijer Stevan Dedijer is not any more. He died in Dubrovnik, June 14, 2004 at the age of 93. Stevan Dedijer was a pioneer of the economic intelligence he inspired and influenced many experts, so much by his tireless research of the integration of the disciplines of the intelligence, that by its will to implement intelligent organizations at the service of human development. «The art of Intelligence is the art to ask the good questions!» Areas of research: Information sources analysis Information collection Information handling The process to find the best information sources (primary and secondary sources) from the strategy of the company or the questions asked by the decisions makers. The processes of validation of the information. The collection of the information, processes and standardization plus the development of strategies to collect informal information (human network) Information handling: where to put the information for its dissemination and why? Which strategy: global repository or selected information? How the information is selected, how to feed the system, etc. External and internal sources, format of the information, retrieval by «cartridges» on full text data, etc. 10
What is a Skill Cartridge? A Skill Cartridge is a set of customizable knowledge components that defines the information to be extracted. The two major knowledge components of a Skill Cartridge are multi-lingual dictionaries that assign concepts to words and phrases,andmulti-lingual extraction rules that establish relationships between defined concepts.an inference component provides the functionality to further interpret and normalize the extraction output. ASkill Cartridge is charged into the Insight Discoverer Extractor that performs the extraction. Temis SA developed in France by Charles Huot (alumini from CRRM) Retrieved from the World Wide Web August 22 2008 : http://www.temis.com/index.php?id=131&selt=1&lg=en Databases from China and Japan The increasing effort of China to develop various information systems andthe developmentof of the Chinese industry (low products andhightech) pin point the necessity to do «something» in that field. At least for the key technologies of the country and for the strategic areas of development, it should be desirable to specialized teams in the management of Chinese data. The same is true for the Japanese databases. If understanding Chinese is nice, what about statistical treatments of the Chinese or Japonese data in the native language? 11
Map of the Chinese research in «hybrid wheat» using the database Current Contents (2006) Heilongjiang Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Beijing Jilin Liaoning Tibet Hebei NX Shanxi Qinghai Shandong Gansu Jiangsu Shaanxi Henan Anhui Shanghai Sichuan Hubei Zhejiang Hunan Jiangxi Guizhou Fujian Taiwan Yunnan Guangxi Guangdong Hainan Island In Yellow the Provinces where the development of hybrid wheat (R&D and culture ) is the most important. The same search made from Internet in Chinese using Baidu Heilongjiang Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Beijing Jilin Liaoning Tibet Hebei NX Shanxi Qinghai Shandong Gansu Henan Jiangsu Shaanxi Anhui Shanghai Hubei Sichuan Zhejiang Hunan Jiangxi Guizhou Fujian Taiwan Yunnan Guangxi Guangdong Hainan Island Using the Western databases to analyze Chinese R&D distorts the result 12
Bibliometrics on Japanese characters Japanese Characters ASCII equivalents biblometrics Japanese characters Japanese characters automatic dictionary Research done in 1985, in the CEDOCAR (Army Documentation Centre, France) By Dou Henri and al. Calculation and edition of the forms (two key words together) presentin the key word field of the references Moving from Ascii characters to Japanese characters and after Process the result through an automatic dictionary 13
30/08/2008 Experts, Information Analyzing and understanding the impact of the information on the strategic goals of the company Information selection by experts and direct dissemination (no feed back, no discussion) example from Thaïland Helping experts in their task: bibliometrics Patents: you cannot get away from them Organizing the work of the experts: alert index, recommendations The place of the Competitive Intelligence Unit in the hierarchy of the Company The SWOT analysis The dissemination: introducing the platform to build knowledge Thailand, Strategic patent analysis Coconut 2005 Dissemination without Feed back เอกสารประกอบการเสวนาทางว ชาการ เร อง การแปรร ปและการใช ประโยชน จากมะพร าว 2 ม ถ นายน 2548 การว เคราะห แนวโน มเทคโนโลย เก ยวก บมะพร าว จากเอกสารส ทธ บ ตร ได ท าการส บค นข อม ลส ทธ บ ตรนานาชาต จากส าน กส ทธ บ ตรย โรป ท http://ep.espacenet.com และส าน กส ทธ บ ตรอเมร กา ท http://www.uspto.gov ด วยระบบการส บค นและท าแผนท เทคโนโลย ด วยโปรแกรม ดวยโปรแกรม Matheo-Patent (http://www.matheo-software.com) พบว า ต งแต ป 1905 ถ งป จจ บ น ม ส ทธ บ ตรท ส มพ นธ ก บค าส บค น Coconut ในส วนช อเร องของส ทธ บ ตร (Title) จ านวน 532 เร อง ม ผลการว เคราะห ข อม ลส ทธ บ ตร ด งน Data from Internet - Blue an red data were indicated in English in he paper 14
Bibliometrics 15
Bibliometrics general remark There are many tools available to provide statistical analysis on various groups of data. The problems is the source and the format. Research on ergonomics and visual presentations are still going on Most of the researches now are oriented to application of bibliometrics analysis to see what is the best way to use these tools in the context of the information overload Most of the results obtained by these analysis must be reformulated to be usefulfor the decision makers in companies and institutions. This is not the best software which gives the best result, but this is the best information and the best experts. The software helps but does not «think» for you! Matheo-Patent - Automatic Patent Analysis OEB USPO Internet Questions Matheo-Patent Local Databases Histograms Matrices Networks Repports Update Score Board.. Analyse Automatique immediat Bibliometrics Matheo Analyzer Copyright IMCS SARL created by Bruno Mannina and Dou Jean Marie Jr Aluminis of CRRM 16
Main information available in a Patent Title and abstract, general information, claims, drawings description of the invention, dates, companies, authors, countries AP Name of the Patent Assignees (Applicants) IN Name of the inventors PN PR Patent number, priority number, extension, cited patents IPC International classification IPC (4 digits or full) ECLA (European classification: more precise than IPC) Drawings All these data may be used in combination to map R&D, to see the application domains, the links between technologies, to detect the best companies, to benchmark activities, etc... Search on apparatus to make Granules 1948 patents World patent database access from the EPO host. Among the different features: Visual search on drawings helps the experts to select important patents. Let us see the demo now 17
A few words about the WEB More and more facilities are offer today in the domain of the Internet. it then necessary to keep track, permanantly of the advanced applications and products wich are available. Rules of the thumb: use the Search engines in Expert mode Look for all the applications available (eg. Google plus) Information on the internet are in many languages! Beware! The web II: The development of the webii offers a large field of applications from the RSS fluxes, to the clustering, geographic information, i citations i etc We will see two examples: clustering engines which used the data available on the Internet and citations throughout the Google Scholar results. Clustering engines Cluster using the SearchCrystal software on the name: «Henri Dou» Using the Web results. This could be done on images, videos, blogs Live clusters can be created in most of the web applications and platforms 18
The PoP (Publish or Perish) system from Harzing Corporation allows to calculate a citation index from Google Scholar. The platform to disseminate information and to create value added information and valor In this domain, the organization of the Competitive intelligence Unit is very important. Most of the time experts are not on the same place and they do not work in the same time. It is necessary to develop or to understand of to use tools which will provide the facilities to create an actionable knowledge used to answer the questions of the decision makers or to give various alert indexes. Creating knowledge is a mix between Human Skill and Workflow Technology. To understand the global aspect of the creation of actionale knowledge we are going to analyze the systme develop by the company SEB in its Competitive Technical Intelligence Unit. 19
Presentation of the SEB Group Serge Miard 2004 The SEB Group: history and growth Increase the products offer Internationalization Bouncing 1953 1967-1987 1988-1998 1999-2000 2001 Electronic fry pan Tefal Calor Rowenta Factory in Mexico Opening of offices of trades in the world Arno Volmo Krups-Moulinex 2004 Serge Miard 20
A portfolio of prestigious Marks 2004 Serge Miard The Competitive Technological UNIT Specialized in one key area. See the CFS assessment Observers Observers Observers Observers TW Unit Observers Observers Observers Observers 2004 Serge Miard 21
Creation of the network Step 1 Education : The observers are taught to assimilate the methods and tools of the Competitive Technical Intelligence. If the number of experts is too important several sessions are done. 2004 Serge Miard The Platform to disseminate information and to create knowledge 2004 Serge Miard 22
Hélios 9 Universes 4 for the information and external knowledge Techno telex External Competences Web sites 5 for the information and internal knowledge What is new? Internal expertise Technological files Databases online Communities of interest Documentation sites 2004 Serge Miard Now, so what? 2004 Serge Miard 23
Capital Capital is a well know French magazine dealing with business 2004 Serge Miard Capital SEB recipe to hold out the Chineses 2004 Serge Miard 24
200 new innovations are going out of the SEB laboratories each year Intelligent people scale 2004 Serge Miard Differenciation through various marks 2004 Serge Miard 25
A Deep fryer without oil! Deep fryer without oil (one spoon of oil for 1kg of patatoes) 2004 Serge Miard External growth SEB group buy SUPOR a Chinese Company in household appliances 2004 Serge Miard 26
The time 1811 Strategy is the art of making use of Time and space. I am less concerned about the later than the former. Space we can recover, Lost time never. Time is most important than ever! Conclusion It is not possible in a short laps of time to present all the aspects of the researches going on in CI, CTI, KM. But, it is clear that we are in the knowledge age and that immaterial assetsare are becoming more and more important. The neccessity to innovate, to improve new Public and Private Partnerships calls for the development of all possible research and tools for the right use of information. Technical information and specially the patents is an important field because it makes a bridge between research and application. The development of the BRIC calls for a new strategy to access information worlwide, and specially to access, handle and analyze the Chinese and Japanese Information. In the field of CI, CTI and KM, the researches are developed within the so call «Research Action» which means that research should be strongly linked to application. 27
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Thank you for your attention And many thanks to the UNB which invited me to this workshop and symposium 29