Example: Scots-Irish immigration

When and why did Scots-Irish come? King James I (1566 1625) Decided he wanted a Protestant population in Northern Ireland King James I Began Irish Catholics From 1608 to 1697, about 200,000 Presbyterians immigrated to Ulster in Northern Ireland

When and why did Scots-Irish come? Ocean travel was expensive Usually, the people willing to make the trip were the ones who could least afford it

When and why did Scots-Irish come? Most came as indentured servants

When and why did Scots-Irish come? There were five time periods when the Scots- Irish emigrated in large numbers

When and why did Scots-Irish come? 1700 1725 1750 1775 1717-1718 Destructive drought killed crops The linen industry was crippled Rack-renting prevailed)

When and why did Scots-Irish come? 1700 1725 1750 1775 1725-1729 Continued rack-renting Poverty English Parliament became concerned (it feared losing Protestant majority in the area)

When and why did Scots-Irish come? 1740-1741 Famine struck Letters from relatives living in America were persuasive

When and why did Scots-Irish come? 1754-1755 A time of disastrous drought

When and why did Scots-Irish come? 1771-1775 Leases on the large estate of Marquis of Donegal in Antrim County expired and the tenants couldn't afford to renew them

Pennsylvania: A land to be free Because Ulster Scots had been the victims of English landlords who charged outrageously high rents They wanted to own their own land and practice their religion freely

Pennsylvania: A land to be free Pennsylvania encouraged religious freedom for all, and in the early eighteenth century it was still largely unsettled frontier, so it was very attractive to the Scots- Irish

Pennsylvania: A land to be free By 1749, about 25% of the total population of Pennsylvania was Scots-Irish Many of their descendants still live in towns such as Gettysburg, Chambersburg, Carlisle, and York

Scots-Irish immigration The Great Philadelphia Wagon Road The early Scots-Irish settled in the western part of Pennsylvania Southern Scottish counties of Ayr, Dumfries, Wigtown, Roxburgh, and Berwick

Scots-Irish immigration The Great Philadelphia Wagon Road Migrated from Northern Irish counties of Derry, Down, Armagh, Antrim, and Tyrone to America Northern English counties of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Durham, Cumberland, and Northumberland

Scots-Irish immigration By 1730 the Scots-Irish had made their way into the lush Shenandoah Valley of Virginia Southern Scottish counties of Ayr, Dumfries, Wigtown, Roxburgh, and Berwick

Scots-Irish immigration Always on the move, the Scots-Irish populated the Piedmont country of the Carolinas in the mid-eighteenth century

Scots-Irish immigration After the war with England ended in 1783, the restless Scots-Irish led the way behind such trailblazers as Daniel Boone

Scots-Irish immigration Some were migrating from northern regions for the second, third, or even fourth time

Scots-Irish immigration

Religion of the Scots-Irish They spoke English and were Protestant, specifically Presbyterian Presbyterian ministers were required to be educated, and there were not enough coming to America from Scottish institutions

Religion of the Scots-Irish Church members often emigrated together Most emigrants from Ulster could write their names on ships' registers They carried a belief in the importance of education with them into the frontier

Religion of the Scots-Irish As the Scots-Irish moved into the frontier, away from the Presbyterian influence, many became Methodists or Baptists; some abandoned their faith altogether

Scots-Irish naming patterns Other family members Andrew 1 st son Paternal grandfather Charles 2 nd son Maternal grandfather Patrick 3 rd son Father David Mary Charles Elizabeth Andrew Maternal parents Paternal parents Sarah Patrick Parents Mary 1 st daughter Maternal grandmother Elizabeth 2 st daughter Paternal grandmother Sarah 3 rd daughter Mother Erin 4 th + son Other family members 4 th + daughter Other family members

Starting points for further research Most of the Scots-Irish arrived in Philadelphia, so records held in that area might prove beneficial to researchers The Free Library of Philadelphia holds local records and is a Government Depository Library

Starting points for further research The Lancaster County Historical Society holds some unique sources Jasper Yeates Colonial Law Library Local atlases and family records

Starting points for further research The Kentucky History Center See Everton's Family History Magazine, January/February 2004 Helps researchers trace ancestors who moved through the Cumberland Gap 061

Starting points for further research Piedmont country of the Carolinas The State Library of North Carolina is a good place to research early settlers in their area

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